Aim: To evaluate the health status of nurses in China and explore the impact of work-related stress, work environment and lifestyle factors on their health outcomes. Design: The Chinese Nurses' Health Study is a multicentred, prospective cohort study. Methods: We plan to recruit approximately 80,000 registered nurses aged between 18 and 65 years. Eligible nurses will be introduced to complete a series of web-based questionnaires after obtaining their informed consent. Follow-up questionnaires will be completed at 2-year interval to continuously track subsequent exposures. Health-related indicators will be obtained through self-reporting by nurses and the provincial and national registry platforms such as National Central Cancer Registry. The funding was approved in July 2020 and Research Ethics Committee approval was granted in February 2021. Discussion: The study is the first multicentred prospective cohort study that aims to assess the impact of work-related stress, work environ