As Florida is already experiencing climate disruption, Miami has recently revealed its plan to alleviate the risk of flooding and fortify the coastline against increasingly frequent and stronger storm surges. Among the measures detailed in the 40-year plan are new seawalls and breakwaters, creating wetland ecosystems, as well as elevated construction. The Netherlands, with more than 25% of land below sea level, has amassed extensive experience in creating defences, having developed a 3.700km network of dams and seawalls. Moreover, the city of Rotterdam has adopted a Climate Change Adaptation Strategy, which integrates flood control into the urban design with the help of squares that retain water during peak rainfall, among other measures. In China, where most large cities are affected by flooding, authorities are implementing a sponge city strategy, which requires 80% of urban land to absorb or reuse 70% of stormwater.
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