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Sensitivity to Sweets Tied to Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery
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Researchers use zebrafish to study cancer-immune interactions
Cancer researcher Rita Fior uses zebrafish to study human cancer. Though this may seem like an unlikely match, her work shows great promise with forthcoming applications in personalized medicine.
The basic principle of Fior s approach relies on transplanting human cancer cells into dozens of zebrafish larvae. The fish then serve as living test tubes where various treatments, such as different chemotherapy drugs, can be tested to reveal which works best. The assay is rapid, producing an answer within four short days.
Some years ago, when Fior was developing this assay, she noticed something curious. The majority of human tumor cells successfully engrafted in the fish, but some tumors didn t. They would just disappear within a day or two. However, when I treated the transplanted fish with chemotherapy, these tumors would not disappear anymore. They engrafted much more , she recalls.
Good cop, bad cop
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Credit: Diogo Matias
A study led by scientists from the Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, in Lisbon, concludes that bariatric surgery - that is, procedures used to treat severe obesity by reconfiguring the gastrointestinal tract -, leads to greater weight loss in patients who, before the surgery, had a heightened perception of sweetness.
Although bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for severe obesity, the outcome of the procedure in terms of weight loss varies significantly from patient to patient. Thus, understanding why some patients benefit more than others from bariatric surgery may be paramount to estimate what to expect from the surgery for a given patient - and ultimately, to decide whether to perform it at all on that patient.
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IMAGE: SPECT images, superimposed on a magnetic resonance atlas, of an axial slice (top row) and a sagittal slice (bottom row) of the human brain, with a quantitative artificial-color scale showing. view more
Credit: Francisco Oliveira (CCU)
American actor Robin Williams had a neurodegenerative brain disease called dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB): a distressing disease, with symptoms in common with Alzheimer s disease (AD) and Parkinson s disease (PD). But unlike these two conditions, DLB also entails prominent mood and cognitive swings, sleep disorders, and vivid, sometimes terrifying, visual hallucinations. It is now thought that Robin Williams, whose diagnosis was only ascertained post-mortem, was likely driven to suicide, in 2014, by the terrifying hallucinatory experiences he suffered for years - and about which he never told anyone, not even his wife. Susan Schneider Williams recounted the tragic story in an editorial published in the journal
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