West Bengal. Six of them have made the amendments in the last three years, and two in 2020 alone, indicating an accelerating trend.
In at least two states, Karnataka and Gujarat, the amendments have led to protests by groups of both landowning and landless farmers, who have demanded that the amendments be withdrawn and allotment of surplus land to the landless be prioritised.
India’s efforts at land reforms have a long history. After Independence, starting in the 1960s, 21 states enacted land reforms laws to address the
historic inequality in land ownership in India. The laws set a limit on how much land an individual or corporation could hold, also known as a land “ceiling” and allowed the government to reapportion surplus land to the landless.