columnist with the american enterprise institute. and a labor economist. let me start with you on that question. we played the clips of the candidates who are opposing it. let s take a look at los angeles. if you re a business owner and you are being told the going rate is $15 and not $9. that s a significant jump. why don t you think the business owner is going to employ fewer people. because of economic research over 45 years. first of all the minimum wage will be that high in 2020. by that time inflation will have gone up. workers rages would have gone up. businesses might have learned if they don t pay more that they have just higher turnover. as businesses experiment with a higher wage economic research shows that they re going to get more loyal workers. probably tighten up the productivity of all their operations. a lot of those businesses aren t