Germany, country of north-central Europe. Although Germany existed as a loose polity of Germanic-speaking peoples for millennia, a united German nation in roughly its present form dates only to 1871. Modern Germany is a liberal democracy that has become ever more integrated with and central to a united Europe.
Georgia, country of Transcaucasia located at the eastern end of the Black Sea on the southern flanks of the Greater Caucasus Mountains. It was the site of the ancient kingdom of Iberia and of the medieval Bagratid dynasty. A former constituent republic of the Soviet Union, it became formally independent in 1991.
Carbohydrate, class of naturally occurring compounds and derivatives formed from them. Carbohydrates are probably the most abundant and widespread organic substances in nature, and they are essential constituents of all living things. Learn more about carbohydrates in this article.