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Early Variant of Bacteria that Caused Black Death Plague Preserved in 5,000-year-old Skeleton Found in Latvia
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AYLIN WOODWARD, BUSINESS INSIDER
30 JUNE 2021
Five thousand years ago, a rodent bit a Stone Age hunter-gatherer. The creature carried a strain of pernicious bacteria called
Yersinia pestis – the pathogen that caused the Black Death, or bubonic plague in the 1300s.
The bacteria likely killed the Stone Age man, who died in his 20s, according to a study published Tuesday. It s the oldest strain of plague known to science so far.
The strain s genome closely resembles the version of plague that wrecked medieval Europe more than 4,000 years later, killing up to half the region s population over the course of seven years. But it s missing a few key genes – notably, traits that helped it spread.
The patient zero contender, a man in his 20s when he died, was infected with an ancient strain of plague, caused by the bacterium, Yersinia pestis. He most likely was bitten by a rodent, got the primary infection of Yersinia pestis and died a couple of days [later] - maybe a week later - from the septic shock, said Dr Krause-Kyora.
The ancient plague began around 7000 years ago when agriculture began to appear in central European, reports the BBC.
It would have leapt between animals and humans without causing large outbreaks, until it adapted to infecting humans.
Then, it became the bubonic plague, also known as the Black Death which ravaged medieval Europe, killing millions.
A man who died more than 5000 years ago in Latvia because of the plague that caused the Black Death could be patient zero , new evidence has found.
Scientists have identified the man who was infected with the earliest-known strain of the disease, according to research published in the journal
Cell Reports.
The plague spread rampantly through Europe in the 1300s, wiping out about half of the population, causing millions of deaths.
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A man who died 5000 years ago may be patient zero for the plague that caused the Black Death. Image credit: DOMINIK GOLDNER, BGAEU, BERLIN(Supplied) Up to now, this is the oldest-identified plague victim we have, Dr Ben Krause-Kyora, from the University of Kiel in Germany told BBC.
This 5,000-Year-Old Hunter-Gatherer Had The Earliest Known Plague Strain: Study
KEY POINTS
The early strain was likely less transmissible and less aggressive
It challenges suggestions that the bacteria evolved mostly in megacities
The Black Death wiped out nearly half of Europe s population in the 1300s. But how far back did the bacteria affect humans? A team of researchers may have possibly found the oldest strain of it in a 5,000-year-old specimen.
The plague bacteria was discovered in the skull of a 20- to 30-year-old hunter-gatherer (RV 2039) from 5,000 years ago, Cell Press said in a news release. This particular specimen was excavated along with another person s remains at a region called Rinnukalns in present-day Latvia in the 1800s. However, it got lost until it was recovered in a German anthropologist s collection in 2011.
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