Excerpt from Sustainable Agribusiness Forum: In a study of growing four varieties of sunflower in the semi-arid region of north-eastern Brazil with further processing into liquid biofuels46 (seeds for biodiesel, and stalks and heads for bioethanol), from one hectare was received 2537 kg d.m. of by-products and 1635 kg d.m. of seeds, respectively, 663 kg/ha of oil and 1115 kg/ha of sugars (871 kg/ha of cellulose and 244 kg/ha of hemicellulose). It was possible to obtain 293 l of bioethanol/ha from this amount of sunflower by-products.
[1] Osiris Ashton Vital Brazil et al. Integral use of lignocellulosic residues from different sunflower accessions: Analysis of the production potential for biofuels. Journal of Cleaner Production 221 (2019) 430-438.