Arid Australia’s landscape and environmental history is unique on a global scale, with the Lake Eyre Basin (LEB) covering one seventh of the Australian continent. The extensive river systems within the LEB are also unique in their morphology. Of these Cooper Creek and the Diamantina River, the two main feeder rivers to Kati-Thanda- Lake Eyre are investigated within this thesis using Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL), sedimentological analyses to understand the chrono-stratigraphy and sedimentation rates of these two dominant tributaries. These rivers were once meandering systems transporting bedload but due to either climate, tectonics or both have shifted to anabranching mud-dominated river systems. Cooper Creek has had extensive research whereas the Diamantina River has had little to no research done on the Quaternary fluvial successions. Both systems are influenced by low amplitude tectonic structures impacting stream gradients and channel patterns. This thesis set out to te