caribbean programs at american dialogue. after duvalier left, there was a lot of foreign aid coming in, haiti received $4 billion between 1990 and 2003, $1 billion a year in aid pledges since 2004. where did that money go? do we know? well, we do have a sense of where the money went. the first thing that has to be said is with haiti and foreign aid, it has really been a situation of feast or famine since the departure of the duvaliers. on the one hand, at different junctures, haiti has received huge sums of money like what happened today but there have been aid cutoffs as well. so, there hasn t been a cumulative effect over time. what we do know, a fair amount has gone to the haitian government itself. obviously, corruption remains a problem there. in addition, a large amount of resources have been going to nongovernmental organizations working in haiti. and there was a 2006 report by the national academy of public administration that found that about 30% of the civil service here
a billion a year in aid pledges since 2004. where did that money go? do we know? we do have a sense of where the money went. the first thing that has to be said, with haiti and foreign aid, there s been a situation of feast or famine since the departure of the duvaliers. haiti has received huge sums of money, like what is happening today, but there have been aid cutoffs as well. there hasn t been a cumulative effect over time. a fair amount has gone to the haitian government itself. obviously corruption remains a problem there. in addition, a large amount of resources have been going to nongovernmental organizations working in haiti. there was a 2006 report by the national academy of public administration that found that 30% of the civil service here were phantom employees. they didn t actually exist but people were getting paid for it and taking money. is that common? that s happened quite frequently in haiti. haiti is a weak state, some would say a hollow state.
sums of money like what happened today but there have been aid cutoffs as well. so, there hasn t been a cumulative effect over time. what we do know, a fair amount has gone to the haitian government itself. corruption remains a problem there in addition, a large amount of resources have been going to nongovernmental organizations working in haiti. and there was a 2006 report by the national academy of public administration that found that about 30% of the civil service here were phantom employees. they didn t actually exist but people were getting paid for and taking money in it. is that common? yes. that s happened quite frequently in haiti. hate city a country that has very fragile institutions it is a weak state. some would say a hollow state. you don t really have much operational capacity within the government but there certainly has been cases over the years of pumping up payrolls or other types of graft, basically a way to siphon off resources from the government. is it diff