The Fifth Malaysia Plan 1986-1990 introduced more measures to control forest disturbances and loss.These included establishing a system for national parks, nature reserves, wildlife sanctuaries and virgin jungles, adopting preventive approaches via environmental impact assessment reports and climate change mitigation measures.Forests are now recognised as carbon sinks, which dovetails with the national green growth initiative.The Twelfth Malaysia Plan 2021-2025 outlines the mainstreaming of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 15 in respect of forest management practices.