Solar cell technology is a prominent clean energy source. In particular, organic solar cells, part of the third generation of solar cells, are gaining attention as a core technology for urban solar ray energy generation as they can be printed and applied to exterior walls or glass windows of buildings. However, the photoactive area that absorbs sunlight and converts it to electricity remains significantly smaller than 0.1 cm². Additionally, commercialization is obstructed by performance and reproducibility problems that occur when expanding the cell area to several m2 where practical energy supply levels are available.
A well-known renewable energy source is solar cell technology. Due to its ability to be printed and mounted to building exteriors or glass windows, organic solar cells, which are a component of the third generation of solar cells, are drawing attention as a key technology for generating solar energy in urban areas.