OBE has students referring to notes, textbooks and other study materials during an exam. The assessment focuses on a student s understanding of the subject and his or her ability to analyse or apply concepts, rather than testing memory - the whys and hows, rather than the whats and whens. While National Education Policy 2020 does not mention OBE - National Curriculum Framework released last year does - one of the reforms it suggests is moving from rote to competency-based learning.