We’ve updated our 2022 working paper with Laura Moscoviz on long run trends in education quality with several new surveys from around the world. Notably, a new survey round for India (NFHS-5) casts doubt on earlier data (NFHS-3). Dropping the suspect data, India’s current learning levels are unchanged (under 40 percent literacy for young adults who finished five years or school), but the starting point—especially for women—drops lower. The trend is still downward, but gentler than we previously thought.