Amounts to an incredible number of red flags that scream corruption. Kroft dirty money . Dirty money. Alfonsi Petermann Glacier in greenland is one of the largest glaciers in the Arctic Circle and one thats experienced dramatic melting. Although it is a harsh and dangerous environment, it has drawn some of the worlds leading climate scientists to study its its sheath and look at its effects on the ocean. We watched as they attempted a firstever look at whats happening 300 feet below the ice. Im steve kroft. Im lesley stahl. Im bill whitaker. Im sharyn alfonsi. Im scott pelley. Those stories tonight on 60 its easy to love your laxative when that lax loves your body back. Only miralax from start to finish. Love your laxative. Miralax. Ipes that are lighter in calories and added sugar when you use splenda think sugar, use splenda see me. Dont stare at me. See me. See me. See me to know that psoriasis is just something that i have. See me to know that i wont stop. Until i find what works. 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They do it by moving the dirty money through a maze of dummy accounts that conceal their identity and the source of the funds. And most of it would never happen without the help of lawyers, accountants and incorporators, the people whoymous the money. In fact, the u. S. Has become one of the most popular places in the world to do it. Lp of hidden camera footage, were going to show you how easy it seems to have become to conceallaw enforcement and the public. You need look no further for evidence than the changingcity, where much of the priciest Residential Real Estate is being snapped up not by individuals but by secret owners. Theres nothing illegal about it as long as the moneys ay to tell if you dont know who the real buyers are. It is one of the reasons Global Witness, a londonbased nonthat exposes international corruption, came to new york city 19 months ago. Helpful u. S. Lawyers would be in concealing questionable funds. Shot in law firms acrosse lawyers knowledge by the man in the gray coat with the german accent. Lawrence gabe so its ralph . Ser. Kroft ralph kayser is not his real name. Hes an investigator for Global Witness posing here as thegovernment official from a poor west african country who wants to move millions of dollars in suspicious funds into the united the lawyers help. Ross are you gonna tell me what country and what minister this is . Kayser i cant tell you. Rich countries in west africa. There are not so many. Kroft attorney gerald ross and the other lawyers were toldl, because the african minister had amassed his fortune collecting special payments from foreign companiesluable mineral rights. Kayser so companies are eager to get hold of rare earth or other minerals. Special money for it. I wouldnt name it bribe. I would say facilitation legal. Es silkenat and the other lawyers that the minister was shopping for a townhouse, a jet and a yacht, but his name must not bechases. Kayser if his name now would appear in connection withe here and other items, it would look, at least, very, very embarrassing. Because his. Presumably his salary in, wherever it is, would not cover the kinds of acquisitions were talking about. E. Its the salary of a teacher here. And so how can we make sure that property here and to live a nice life, but his name being out . Silkenat right. Much money were talking about for the brownstone and the other items . Kayser i mean, the brownstone, talk about 10 could imagine 10, 20 million. A yacht would be at least 200, 300 million. Ious story of the african minister was cooked up in Global Witness london office, based on an actual Money Laundering case. 50 new york law firms with experience in private Asset Protection and managed to get facetofaceferent lawyers in 13 firms. Kayser im very frank. Its, i would say, gray money. I think somebody told me you name it black money. Al witness says the pitch was intentionally designed to raise red flags and to give the lawyers good reason to suspect that the ministersfficial corruption, and they all did. Kayser its only that the money is a bit, lets say. Gabe tainted. Kayser tainted, thank you very much. Ce word. Kayser or, you gave another expression . Koplik honest graft. Kayser honest graft okay, fine. E frank. Its honest graft. How would you name it . Kayser nah, i wouldnt name it bribe. Ross never. Right, no, course not. A business deal. So, okay, bribe. Is actually bribe. Charmian gooch you know, the story of the fictitious african minister would probably haveerage person on the street. Kroft Charmian Gooch is the cofounder of Global Witness, a public Advocacy Group thate developing world. Previous undercover investigations exposed the global trade in african blood diamonds. Gooch says, exposes serious flaws in the u. S. Legal system that have made it a hub for international Money Laundering. Awyers laid out for us in some detail was all the different possibilities and ways in which it could be done. Kroft what youre saying isoney into the united states, its not that hard to do. Gooch what im saying is there is an open door and its concerning, because that money could be coming from anywhere. Kroft of the 16 lawyers that attorney Jeffrey Herrmann flatly declined to participate and showed ralph kayser the door. Some real questions about that. Kayser yes . Herrmann under the foreign corrupt practices act. Kayser right. Nd under the foreign corrupt practices act, bribing foreign officials is illegal. Kayser by americans. Herrmann by americans. Cans are not involved. Ther nation nationals, not american entities, not american nationals. Herrmann its not for me. Kayser pardon me . T for me. Kroft aside from that one exception, 12 out of the 13 law firms, including 15 out of thet only heard ralph kayser out, they suggested ways that the suspicious funds could be moved into the u. S. Withoutrs attorney James Silkenat was selected by Global Witness because at the time, he wasbar association. Yet he and his colleague, hugh finnegan, provided what formers a roadmap of how to conceal the source of the funds using layers of anonymous, interconnected Shell Companies in multiple jurisdictions. Bly, we would set up a little bit of a series of owners to try and, again, protect privacy as much as anything else. Kayser yeah. Any a is owned by company b, which is owned jointly by company c and d, and your party owns all of or of c and d. Kayser so we, we create several companies . Finnegan yes. Or different states . Finnegan well, like i said, at some point, probably pretty quickly, youd go offshore. Kroft attorney john jankoffgabe, recommended variations of the same strategy. Jankoff a lot of people in some of them use. Gabe so he would just take his millions of dollars, put it in isle of man. Into a swiss bank account. The swiss will have it. And. And then. Gabe and then he comes to us. Mes to us and says, i want to buy a townhouse. Kroft attorney marc koplik also suggested that the ministerut of west africa to europe, where it could be scrubbed in an anonymous corporate entity that his firm would be happy to set up. As it sits now, is it in his name . Kayser its in different names. Koplik okay. So it will come as those different names . Luding his name, yes . Koplik so we have to scrub it at the beginning, if we can, or scrub it at the intermediary kayser so how to do this, intermediary . That means a bank in . Koplik well say luxembourg. Kayser luxembourg. Ll set up an clientoverseas. Com or whatever,ney into the united states. Kroft if that was a banker talking instead of a lawyer, hee. Thats because under u. S. Law, bankers are required to report suspicious financial activity to the authorities. Such legal obligation. Gooch banks in america are required to know their customernizant of risk and to report on it if there. If there is an issue there around Money Laundering. And yet, absolutely bizarrely,nt. This is clearly an issue. And i think our investigation has shown the potential for whatat lack of regulation. Kroft Global Witness says that anomaly is just one of thestem that helps facilitate Money Laundering. Anonymous, inc. Ase in which anonymous Shell Companies ownership of money and assets. New corporations were set up in the united states, many with no offices, products or employees. S a bank account. Gooch in many states across america, you need less identification to set up and company than you do to get a library card. Kroft gooch says anonymous Shell Companies are like getaway cars for crooks, designed to putossible from the scene of their crime. According to a world bank study, the u. S. Was the favorite placeet up anonymous Shell Companies. Gooch there was a very good academic study and america came set up an anonymous company, after kenya, out of 180 countries. Kroft after kenya . Gooch after kenya. Y have anything to do with your decision to go ahead and do these undercover investigations . Gooch it inspired us. It cant be this bad, can it . And, unfortunately, what we found is it is. Kroft all of the attorneysrns, like ross ive got to be very careful myself. I dont want to do something if it looks like im laundering money. License andand i. Just dont do that. Kroft but later, he suggested that the questionableirectly into his client escrow account, bypassing scrutiny from the banks. Ross when i get money froms comes here with some strange name on it. I dont even ask. Kayser and nobody ask . Come from minister joe jones. It comes from the xyz account. Kroft john jankoff said they opinion that the money was clean, then suggested that the minister use front men to open up overseas bank accounts. T in his name, then he needs what is known as a straw man. Practically speaking if thehe country his name should not be attached to the wire. Names. W this happens. We know this happens. This is how Money Laundering occurs all over the world. But that does not mitigate thee. Kroft we showed the tapes to chip poncy, a former top official at the treasuryo stop financial crime, terrorist financing and Money Laundering. He says theres nothing wrong with lawyers setting upanies to protect a clients privacy, but if its done to conceal criminal activity, thats when it becomes a problem. Pitch consistently presented in every one of these tapes of what ber of red flags that scream corruption. Kroft dirty money . Poncy dirty money. Kroft bad actors . Poncy bad actors. T to be found and they have a need. Theyve got to move their money from a point where theyve received corrupt proceeds in this case to a point where they and to get em from. To get this money from point a to point it, effectively. Kroft poncy says he was and the comfort with which attorneys seemed to be willing to turn a blind eye and discuss a matter that was likely to be illegal. Tial to recognize is that this is after its been revealed that the potential client is representing an african minister with of dollars of funds received through, effectively, bribes. Kroft this is more than legal advice . Poncy this is legal advicerols, or at a minimum, very clear Global Standards on financial countries to go after proceeds of crime. Kroft attorney marc koplik told the Global Witnessreferred using Money Managers and investment firms to move funds. He thought it was less risky than using banks. Gest three or four to you. Some are bigger. Flexible and understanding and less concerned about their reputation. Ly, to a greater extent, below the radar screen. Kroft sometimes the advice took the form of suggestingight be less vigilant about Money Laundering. Silkenat we would have to banks looked into, you know, the, you know, the know your customer dig. Finnegan in many ways, youd probably be better off with a smaller bank because. Kayser that would be a possibility. The bigger banks are much more serious about looking into that stuff. Kayser their reputation. Silkenat and there may be other Banking Systems that are this than the u. S. Would be. Kayser what would it be . You would want to consider. We could provide you with a list of countries where the Banking Systems require less detail onource of funds. Kroft while James Silkenat, the former president of theand his partner, hugh finnegan, listened to the pitch and suggested ways in which they re also the most suspicious of ralph kayser and his african minister, beginning just five minutes into the meeting. Lk about the risks or just concernsey and how to explain that. Kayser thats it. Silkenat there is. There are issues there. Which he would be involved here wouldnt be part of facilitating there were, you know, crimesplace else, that that starts to be an issue. Kroft they were also the most cautious about moving forward. Ting, hugh finnegan, who is off camera here, said the firm would feel obligated to report anything it believed to be illegal. In mind of what you said, no american law was violated, no local law was violated, but, you know, if were aware that a crime isn obligation to report that. Kroft mr. Silkenat says, we need to talk about the risks orwhere he got the money and how to explain that. Poncy that, that, and thats, thats a welcome. Kroft hes already been toldfrom and how he got the money. Poncy correct. So itits a healthy recognition that theres an issue here. Ld ask him anything about this meeting, what would it be . Poncy whats going through your head . Why are you continuing this conversation . Kroft neither silkenat nor finnegan would agree to an on camera interview. Tement saying they only discussed generic information that could be found on the internet and that their conduct was entirely appropriate. Owed us after the meeting, they wrote, it would have shown us agreeing that kayser was disreputable and that we would not deal with him again. Wyers agreed to give us an on camera interview either. When we come back, well take a look at the legal and ethical implicseen. Cbs money watch update brought to you by one of the worlds leading pharmaceutical companies. Glor good evening. The United Nations wants 860 ian crisis. On tuesday b. P. Is expected to announce a 70 drop in profits. And former drug company c. E. O. Contempt charges if hes a congressional hearing on pricegouging. Read headlines about businesses being hacked and intellectual property being stolen. That is cybercrime and it affects each and every one of us. Microsoft crea to fight cybercrime. We use the microsoft cloud to visualize information so we can track down the criminals. Comes to the cloud, trust and security are paramount. Were building what we learn organizations safer. Ybrid into the frozen wilderness. The scent of his jerky attracted a hungry wolfpack behind him. To survive, he had to remain fearless. With them. And expand their territory. Hed form a bond a. Become den mother and nurse their young. James left in search of his next adventure. How w rav4 hybrid . Onprofit Organization CalledGlobal Witness came to new york 19 months ago, it secretly recordedith 16 manhattan lawyers. Its investigator was posing as an official trying to move millions of dollars of suspicious funds. Global witness, which international corruption, wanted to see how much help the lawyers would provide in setting up anonymous Shell Companies and to move the suspicious funds into the u. S. , and at the same time, silkenat good to see you. Kayser good to see you. Kroft the undercover investigator, who called himselfhe lawyers that the minister had used his official position to collect tens of millions of dollars inign companies to help them obtain valuable mineral rights. He wanted to move the money to house, a jet, and a yacht. Kayser so therefore, he wants to bring in the money into the u. S. So, starting with the brownstoneying a gulfstream jet. He wants to commission the building of a yacht, and buy, probably, more property. Was intentionally devised to raise red flags and lead the lawyers to believe that the ministers money was dirty. Y one of the 16 lawyers, Jeffrey Herrmann, told him no. Herrmann this aint for me. My standards are higher. Xpressed varying degrees of interest, advice on how it could be done. Rything, soup to nuts. So, theres no limitation. We dont say, oh, we dont do windows, or we dont deal withmanagers, or whatever. No. We orchestrate and organize the entire thing. Were happy to take that responsibility. s important to point out and it cannot be overstated is that none of the lawyers weve shown you brokethe african minister didnt really exist. There were no hundreds of millions of dollars, and globalid no money ever changed hands. So this is sort of a morality test . Gooch it wasnt. On the system. Kroft you know, people could make the argument, look, all these guys did, really, was just came into their office. They didnt make a deal, they didnt sign up. They said, we need to do some more research. gooch and you know what . Ight to say that, but theyd need to say that those lawyers laid out, in often considerable detail, ao bring money into america. Kroft none of the lawyers agreed to take on the africanwere they asked to. It was a preliminary meeting that ended with most of the attorneys expressing interest ine, and some enthusiastic about landing the business. Silkenat im happy to chat whenever its possible to move the ball forward on this. T. Silkenat good. Kayser thank you so much. Silkenat thanks for coming in. Kroft marc koplik and alberts long as the money was clean, and gave no indication that they planned to do any checking themselves. Cuss legal fees. Koplik legal fees will be substantial, albert. Correct me im wrong 50,000 to 100,000. Ik also suggested conducting a test in which a portion of the suspicious funds would be sent into the united states. Koplik a million dollars. Kayser a test . Albert grant yeah. Kayser because i said, probably you would start with could imagine . Koplik i would say a million dollars. Rs. Koplik if anything goes wrong, itll be painful, but it wont be life threatening. Kayser right. Exactly. Ff and his partner, lawrence gabe, who is off camera here, also seemed willing to go forward. Jankoff we would orchestrate it. One legal fee to cover everything. Ver, gabe did express some concerns about the transactions. Kayser who can set up this structure . Could you do it . Jankoff yeah, your brotherhe time. Gabe well, okay. But iii dont think he does it with money that may be questionable. And that we have to find out about. Of that meeting, they looked forward to the next conversation on the telephone, not on email. Gabe okay, give me a phoneyou . Kayser ah. Gabe im certainly not putting this in emails. N email with just an outline would be fine, as well, so its. Jankoff i dont like emails. Kayser you dont like emails . Gabe thats how you catch people. Kroft the hidden camerathical questions not just about the about the methods used by Global Witness in making them. We showed the footage to bill columbia university, who is one of the countrys top legal ethicists. Bill simon i think it drawsthat lawyers may be playing an Important Role in Money Laundering that requires more scrutiny. Kroft have you ever seen anything like this before . Simon no. Kroft never . Simon never. s your overall impression of it . Simon any lawyers going to be uncomfortable about the fact that this was a sting in whicha Lawyers Office and secretly recorded statements a lawyer was. Thought he was making to a client. Cedented and its kind of inconsistent with the bars norms about confidentiality. So im a little uneasy about that. And, i think that the tapes expose conduct of great public consequence. Kroft you think itsees it . Simon yeah. I think its very valuable. Benefiwyer. But the lawyers benefit from it, because conduct that goes on under the protection of confidentiality is never scrutinized by the public. Accountable for it. So the sting actually brings some accountability to conduct that ought to be accountable. T, Global Witness includes an opinion from two legal ethicists, including bill simon of columbia. Rneys marc koplik, john jankoff, and gerald ross had been responding to a real request, their conduct professional responsibilities of lawyers. It said the attorneys displayed a cynical and evasive attitude toward law. So noted that the rules are vague, and we do not expect that all lawyers will agree with us. Ident James Silkenat and his partner, hugh finnegan, in a different category, even though theymove questionable funds into the u. S. What makes silkenat different simon silkenat was quitenot assist illegal conduct. And he even indicated at one point that he would report the client if he found the client. And then, also, silkenat was fairly clear that he would needore he agreed to represent the client. Clearly seems interested in this. Simon he clearly seemsle enthusiastic about it. Kroft anything wrong with that . Regrettable, but i. Im not sure as a professional responsibility authority, i could say it was inconsistent with his duties under the rules. Nly lawyer who truly fulfilled the ideals of the Legal Profession was Jeffrey Herrmann, whoided it probably involved illegal activity, and ended the meeting. Herrmann this aint for me. Her. Im not interested. Kayser do you. Do you know anybody who would be able to do so . Either anyway. Kayser yeah, yeah. Herrmann because those persons would be insulted. Ays the point of Global Witness hidden camera investigation was not to target or entrap lawyers for bad behavior. S, are lax laws and toothless regulations that make it ridiculously easy for criminals to launder 300e united states. Gooch this is real Public Interest information. How are you going to get that out to them if you cant shownd closed doors . Kroft you couldnt have done this any other way . Gooch i think unless the public and policy makers canelves what gets said across the desk, across the table in a meeting like this, its kind of hard to board. Kroft gooch says theres a simple solution, but its been politically impossible to achieve in the united states. The longtime chairman of the senates permanent subcommittee until he retired last year, heo pass a law that would require the states to collect one additional piece of information from people forming corporations. Ine whos the real owner. Not whos the agent forming it. Not whos the lawyer representing the owner. L owner, the real owner . And itsits not at all complicated. Kroft but the bill has never made it out of committee, opposition from the American Bar Association. Kroft whats the American Bar Associations objection to this . Are helping form corporations, and theyre afraid, i guess, that if you put a damper on the that youre putting some damper on legal business. Kroft the irony is that the white house, the justiceeasury have been among the worlds strongest proponents for cracking down on Money Laundering. Yet the u. S. Is one of therld to set up the Anonymous Companies that facilitate it. Paradox, isnt it . T the American Bar Association needs to get behind the need for regulation, in the way that european lawyers have had to do exactly the same. At you know, it. Its. I think the American Government needs to answer that question. Kroft Global Witness may have inadvertently gotten a question from attorney marc koplik in its hidden camera video. Koplik explained to the representative of the phony he never worried about government subpoenas. Koplik they dont send the lawyers to jail, because we run the country. N the country . Koplik still do. Kayser i love it. Koplik still do. Grant i should say some lawyers run the country. You are some of them . Two of them . Koplik were still members of a privileged, privilege class in this country. Oes it mean you run the country . It means you . Koplik we make the laws, and when we do so, we make them in a way that is advantageous to the this is a cbs sports update brought to you by the lincoln motor company. 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I wore lederhosenn ancestry i was really surprised that i wasnt finding all of these germans in my tree. I decided to have my dna tested through ancestry dna. Surprise was were not german at all. 52 of my dna comes from scotland and ireland. Soor a kilt. Ancestry has many paths at ancestry. Com. Cay to do italian; fresh, made from scratch. And now weve added over 20 new dishes. Thats why the entire menu is 20 off so you can try them all. Carrabbas. This is how you do italian. Resolve to turn heads roc retinol. Its up to two times stronger than imitators try roc retinol correxion night cream. After one week, one month, deep wrinkles look smoother. And after one year, skin looks ageless. Of the most significant efforts to study changes in the climate has been taking place near the top of the world. Petermann glacier in greenland, one of the largest glaciers in the Arctic Circle, and a glacier that has experienced dramatic melting. Ngerous environment, and it has drawn some of the worlds leading climate scientists, who are onlye over a month a year. Is proceeding, how they are ablele in such a hostile place, and what theyve discovered so far, so we went to the top of the world to find out. Ok us 700 miles above the Arctic Circle to the u. S. Thule Air Force base inilt at the start of the cold war to watch for soviet missiles. It is an alien landscape, homed packs of prehistoric looking muskoxs. From there, we flew even further. E destination Petermann Glacier. Its on the northwest coast of greenland, just a few hundredsole. To get there in a helicopter severe and serene. Ee was qaanaaq, with 700 residents and more huskies than people. Ce nine months of the year, villagers have always hunted seal and narwhal to survive. Imes the size of texas, and 80 of it is covered in ice, but it now losesns in snowfall every year. We saw evidence of the imbalance everywhere blue gashes acrossushing melt water, and the occasional thunderous crack of icebergsa. We still had 300 miles to go, and stopped twice to refuel along the way. Were left behind for us by the scientists who glacier three weeks earlier. Service gas station in the middle of nowhere. This will keep us going for how much longer . Malik jensen yeah, we canrs. Alfonsi our pilots, native greenlanders, kept a rifle nearby at each stop to protect have you seen polar bears out here . Jensen yeah, a lot. So now, its ready, always safe. We arrived at Petermann Glacier. Ah, theres the camp. Alfonsi and spotted the ice camp below. You. Alfonsi so who did you upset to get put out here . Keith nicholls i know the gods, the gods. Cholls is an expert in drilling in remote places. And in terms of remote, this would be really hard to beat. On another planet. Nicholls take a walk around here and you can be expecting scotty to beam you up. Of scientists were drawn to this remote sliver of greenland, in part, by these satellite images. Ice four times the size of manhattan broke off. Then, two years later, anothern. The glacier has receded by 20 miles in five years. Is team are trying to drill beneath it. This is a lot of work in difficult conditions. What do you hope to learn . re trying to learn is how the oceans are interacting with the ice, how they are melting it, trying to predict how in the future that melting might change. Through the ice, they heated melt water from the glacier to make a hotwater drill to pierce through the 300 foot thick ice. E serious challenges to running equipment like this in this kind of weather. Nicholls the biggestve got so, if we have water freezing in hoses, that can be devastating for the project. Ment the coring machine struck the bottom of the seafloor. A halfmile beneath the ice, they made history. St time anyone has ever collected sediment from beneath the ice shelf in greenland. Eath the ice shelves is probably the least accessible part of the worlds ocean. T is a triumph, frankly, as far as were concerned. Alfonsi the ice shelf extends out from the glacier and floats on the ocean. Like a dam, holding back the ice from sliding into the sea. If it goes away, sea levels go up. Urgency in the work that youre doing . Nicholls Sea Level Rise is the big. The big question that were trying to get at. R, this experiment here, gives us an opportunity to get at those processes and try to understandw that alfonsi our visit to the ice camp was cut short. Our pilots warned us somethingoving in and could strand us here for days. We hightailed it back to the helicopter, heading to anotherition what the scientists call boulder camp, set up on the edge of Petermann Glacier. F geologists have been here for weeks, gathering samples from rocks. As probably deposited when the ice was maybe a few hundred to a few when it was deposited, youre probably talking about maybe 500, 600 feet of ice above us. Alfonsi above where we are right now . Are now. Peterman wouldve been much larger, and it wouldve been dropping these rocks all over the surface. At home whos looking at you guys just chipping away at rocks and going, why should i care about this . Marcott we know that if you respond, they melt. How fast is that going to happen, and where is it going tomost vulnerable spots in this ice sheet . To understand all of that, you have to understand how the ice sheet. What controls an ice sheet. D this glacier, so that we can provide a better prediction for the larger ice sheet. That matters to us because of sea level. If these glaciers can respondhould all be concerned, because that can create dynamic changes in sea level and flood infrastructure. And we need to know that for planning for the future. Camped out next to the scientists. With 24 hours of light, we slept in these tents under the midnight sun. , we were shuttled out to meet the oden, a swedish ice breaker making its way around Petermann Glacier. The scientists on land and acts as a floating laboratory. Named after a norse god whosdom, its scientists from around the world their work is funded mostly by the swedish government and the u. S. S National Science foundation. Ne of the geologists on the oden. Hes using sonar to map the ocean floor, creating the firsthow how Petermann Glacier slid into the sea. You can see it, like skid marks of a car at an accident scene. Oh yeah the ice went here and the ice went there. And we can see it. Oh and it stopped here. Alfonsi how much of the worlds oceans have been mapped . Larry mayer oh, probably on the order of 6 to 7 . Alfonsi six larry mayer very, very little. Yeah. You can only make the trip tofew weeks each summer when the ice melts enough to allow passage. Ou can see those blocks of ice drifting by. Expedition leader alan mix is operation, trying to grab. The coring site right now is under that block of ice and we just cant get there. So were trying to drift with the ice and just sort of sneak up on it gently. Its hard to sneak up on anything in an ice breaker. Much as sail as it does smash the ice like a 13,000 ton hammer. Y throw something called a piston corer, like a dart, at the bottom of the ocean. Und good. Go to the next one but well hit it with the gravity core. Core sample like this is collected inside the ships lab, the multiyear process of investigating those cores begins. Guess . How old is this . This core probably is no more than 10,000 years. Is with the institute of arctic and alpine research. She says each core holds clues about Petermann Glaciers past. We didnt really expect to find things living under the ice shelf but we have. Alfonsi what have you found . Weve found is called cibicidioides wuellferfstorfi. It has a big name for a little bug. Alfonsi easy for you to say it looks like a little seashell. S a sea shell but it is a single celled animal. Alfonsi that single celled animal, like all living creatures, is made out ofentists to determine when it lived. Which tells you what . Of the sediments. So we can take them the depth scale here and convert it to age. And then we can say, when did the ice retreat . How quickly did it retreat . Was there a lot of melt water coming out . Get all that from what looks like mud . The scientists kept working, taking advantage of the final days of the short arctic summer. The 66 core samples they collected during their month at sea will be studied byd for decades. S the largest core depository in the world. Alfonsi Peter Demenocal is a university. He says the cores collected in greenland are like a black box workings. This one he collected just south of greenland. Peter demenocal so this is todays climate and weve had,000 years of relatively warm climate. And then we go ten thousand years in the past boom, theres the last ice age. This is when long island was formed and cape cod was formed. Demoncal and you can go on, and you can just find this color. Its filled with these rocks, what we call ice rafted detritus, until this period when whoa, theres another warm phase. E, and then another warm phase. A short cold phase, a longer warm phase and then boom, and so youve had cold, warm,day. Alfonsi how do we know thateing now, how do we not know its part of this warm, cold, warm, cold . Thats a great question. These transitions are gradual. And kind of almost like a tide wave or something. And this transition, when you get to today, goes boom. Suddenly very warm. L says the cores pulled from Petermann Glacier will fill in a crucial piece of the Climate Change puzzle. They got to Petermann Glacier . Peter demenocal its impressive. Whats more impressive is thatevery year and that were not going not doing this every year. We should be doing this we should be monitoring this whole system with much greater focus than we are now. W quickly have we seen the changes in greenland . Peter demenocal the changes that are happening right now as a result of human activities are remarkable. G incredibly fast and theyre its not only happening fast but its and its important to really get our mind around what were saying there. Saying that climate in the arctic is changing. Its changing at an accelerating rate. So basically it means its starting to melt but its melting at a faster and faster clip. What its like to fall off a cliff, thats what its doing. For our crews photos of the alien Landscape Plus for more on Walter Cronkite goes to greenland the very top of the world. Go tovertime. Com correspondents rd by lyrica. Moving moreromyalgia pain. He also prescribed lyrica. For some patients, lyrica significantly relieves fibromyalgia painsical function. With less pain, i feel better. 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