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What about the food you eat today where we live will explore how the livestock industry adds to greenhouse gas emissions are carnivorous habits contributing to the climate crisis well ask the u.s. Food and Agriculture Organization about how the meat industry worldwide can reduce its carbon footprint and we'll hear from a Connecticut farmer about an innovative approach to cattle grazing how should we think about reducing our carbon footprint without changing our diets completely We want to hear from you on a conversation this hour on where we live right after the. Live from n.p.r. News in Washington I'm Janine Herbst on Capitol Hill all eyes have been on moderate senators who were on the fence about confirming Brett Kavanaugh to the Supreme Court in a matter of minutes this afternoon Republican Senator Susan Collins and Democratic Senator Joe Manchin both announced their support for President Trump's nominee N.P.R.'s to Mack has more college defended Kavanagh's qualifications and said he deserved to have a presumption of innocence on allegations of sexual misconduct that have been levied against him while the main Republican called accuser Christine Ford's testimony sincere painful and compelling she cannot find any corroborating evidence for the allegation the allegations fail to be feigned more likely than standard mansion a Democrat running for reelection in Republican leaning West Virginia announced moments after calling his declaration that he too was going to vote for Cavanaugh's confirmation this all but guarantees that the judge will be confirmed later this weekend to Mack n.p.r. News Washington in Chicago police officer Jason Van Dyke has been found guilty of 2nd degree murder and aggravated battery in the 2014 shooting death of look on McDonald The 17 year old had a knife in his hand and Bandai claimed he fired his gun because he says McDonald ordered his command ignored his commands to drop the weapon and lunged at him but police dash cam video appears to show McDonald walking away from Ben Dyke when he was shot 16 times Jedidiah Brown is an activist who was outside the courtroom when the verdict was read the small businessman as a black man as a surprise when as the Illinois it and as a man as a mayor in the United States of America we never get just yet today we just say sentencing is scheduled for October 31st Americans are buying more and selling less abroad and Steve Bucknor says those trends are ballooning the u.s. Trade deficit the u.s. Economy is growing faster than those of many of its. Rating partners that yield stronger demand for foreign goods relative to foreign demand for u.s. Products in August imports rose 6 tenths of a percent exports fell 8 tenths as a result the deficit on trade in goods and services widened by 6.4 percent to more than $53000000000.00 so far this year the trade gap is widening early 9 percent the deficit subtracts from gross domestic product but real g.d.p. Growth is still expected to exceed 3 percent in the 3rd quarter perpetuating the underlying forces fueling the deficit for n.p.r. News I'm Steve back near the federal government says the jobless rate has fallen to 3.7 percent the lowest level since December of 1969 the Labor Department says employers though added just 134000 jobs with the fewest in years all straight lower by the closing bell the Dow down 180 Nasdaq down 91 s. And p. 500 down 16 you're listening to n.p.r. News. The Navy veteran has been charged after sending letters to President Trump and other leaders they contained castor beans that's a substance the toxin raisen comes from 39 year old William Clyde Allen the 3rd told investigators he wanted to send a message without commenting on what that message was he was charged today with threatening to use a biological toxin as a weapon but he didn't enter a plea he faces up to life in prison if convicted authorities in Vietnam say they have seized more than 8 metric tons of pangolin scales and ivory and what the government calls one of the biggest wildlife trafficking busts in years Michael Sullivan reports from Vietnam Vietnam is a major transshipment point for the illegal wildlife trade a trade whose biggest and most lucrative market is neighboring China though there are strong local demand as well for endangered animals whose tusks meat or bones are believed to have medicinal properties though there's little if any scientific evidence to prove it say run media says authorities found more than 2 tons of ivory and 6 tons of pangolin scales on Thursday inside a container at a port here in the coastal city of denying the shipment was said to have come from Nigeria the seizure comes less than a week after authorities in the Capital One Noyo reportedly seized nearly a ton of ivory in pangolin scales hidden in cargo at a noise International Airport that shipment was also from Nigeria for n.p.r. 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This is where we live I'm loosing all but do you think curbing emissions from the cars we drive or coal power plants is the cure all for addressing climate change think again actually the food we consume plays a big part today where we live we explore the impact our diets have on the planet a study published in the journal Science finds that beef cattle raised under forested land result in 12 times more greenhouse gases and use 50 times more land than those grazing rich natural pasture coming and going to talk to a b. Farmer in Connecticut about alternative ways to raise livestock and least 80 percent of beef eaten in the u.s. Is domestic and the u.s.d.a. Says this year alone the average American consumer will eat $222.00 pounds of red meat and poultry is switching to a plant based diet realistic certainly that's not an option in some countries where getting enough food to hungry people is a more pressing issue but we want to hear from you this hour have you thought about changing what you eat to lessen your carbon footprint you can join the conversation at 602757266 you can e-mail us where we live a w. Npr dot org And as always find us on Facebook and Twitter where we live now for more on the impact livestock has around the globe joining us from Rome is an motet she's a livestock expert at the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization f.a.o. And welcome to our show. Thank you good morning so we're talking about livestock agriculture making up a big chunk of our carbon output worldwide but can you talk about exactly how much global greenhouse gas emissions come from livestock. Yes so we can start by looking at the emissions from life stuck in 2 types you have the what we call the direct emissions and the ones direct emissions are the ones that are coming from rumination of cows and sheep and goats so it's in the form of methane and take me thing as we call it and also that I commissions coming from the manure of the animals so only these emissions if you turn them into c o 2 equivalent to to make it easier to understand about 4 percent of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission that means coming from human activities and then we also look at to direct emissions we know that they are going as gas emitted through the production of feed and forage is to give to those any more. And these are not directly emitted by the animals but there can be allocated to what we eat in terms of the beef and medical eggs if we add up all those direct and indirect emissions it's about 14.5 percent of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions when we look at meat consumption around the world and how has that increased. Well it's been increasing quite fast I would say for at least do you know for decades the reason behind this is. The global population human population that is growing so more people more food obviously and more animal products but also the fact that people become richer and richer in a way the average income at global level is increasing and we know that when you have more money you consume more animal products meat and dairy products in particular and the 3rd reason is also the fact that we leave more and more into cities at the moment we have about half of the human population living in the country and the other half in the cities but more people in the Citizen means more access to risk friends to. To refrigeration also to electricity to shops and that means also more and more products so the consumption of animal products has been increasing a lot in the past 2030 years and it's still increasing and we expected to continue increasing in the next couple of decades in certain parts of the world that would be a good thing in terms of people getting more nutrition. Yes Certainly actually at the moment where the regions where meat consumption is increasing the most developing countries at the moment we know that there are countries in the word where people eat about 4 kilograms of meat the person into a year is very low but there are other places in the world where we exceed 100 kilograms of meat per person in 4 years so there's a very large diversity of diets but what concerns us here. Is the number of hungry people we estimate that we have 821. 1000000 Sorry I don't and 21000000 people still suffering from hunger at this stage and that number is increasing so it's more and more people in and out us of thing from hunger and for these people animal products can be a very good solution to improve the nutrition in an easy way because animal products are very dense in terms of protein of course but also aren't zinc costume So for example just a glass of milk the day for a kid can improve its nutrition very very very dramatically you mentioned indirect indirect causes or add in the emissions because of livestock so I wanted to get more in-depth about that and so when we're thinking about how we are raising livestock or whether it's in the u.s. Or in other countries if you could talk about the different processes including how to feed. Is raised to feed them how livestock are then grown and then processed and transported to places so people can eat them. Yes So. The diversity of diets is very large as we said the even larger diversity in the way we produce the those animals think about it you know already in terms of species. Stock species of very diverse we get you have cows you have buffalo camels goats and sheep and they are raised in pretty much every type of environment you can find on planet earth from very extensive and dry Arias like this a hell in sub-Saharan Africa 2 very high mountains in or. At the other extreme very humid in tropical places in Central America or even more industrial types of farming that we can see in in North America for example so all those types of production systems like we call them they rely on different types of feed and forage is we know that for example. In feedlots in. North America. Australia for example. Like beef they receive a lot of cereals but also. They can they can be fed with the crop residues by products from the ocean industry for example cakes in other places those Any most every light way more on grazing so they spend most of their time on the pasture just feeding from the grass or the leaves with a very. Less reach diets I would say and both systems are responsible for emissions but in different ways this is where we live are joining us from Rome is an Matea livestock expert at Food and Agriculture Organization at the u.n. As we look at how. The livestock industry around the globe is contributing to climate change with greenhouse gas emissions you know so often and in this country when we talk about global warming and climate change we focus on carbon dioxide but there's what you mentioned earlier about methane and can you explain in Terek fermentation forests and how again there's lots that are contributing to these emissions certainly So entity from Indonesia is the process through which the ruminants so cows sheep goats all types of animals that have. Different stomachs can digest. The forage grass leaves straw that we humans cannot eat because we don't have this capacity but so it is process there is a byproduct which is me thing that is released by the bacteria that those animals have in their stomachs and these methane is exhibited by the animals in the forms of the herbs very very simply and this me thing is then released into the atmosphere so it's a natural process of digestion for those animals but since we have multiplied a number of animals very. Significantly recently we have more in one e-mails and therefore more and more me thing being emitted but there is a will there are ways to reduce that and we can play on the quality of the forage to decrease to me thing and it is from the digestion but again it's a natural process that will happen in any case we any remain and when we think of rising temperatures and what is methane impact when compared to carbon dioxide is it a larger impact it is a larger impact into things is 1st it has a higher global warming potential than carbon dioxide if you look at a time span of 100 years carbon dioxide would have a global warming potential of one as an index and then me thing would be $34.00 so one molecule of me saying in the atmosphere over 100 years has more global warming potential than carbon dioxide by a factor of $34.00 But another interesting thing is that you can deduce anything more rocky because it's half time in the atmosphere is shorter so it is it disappears from the atmosphere more rapidly than c o 2 so everything we do to reduce me thing as a very strong impact on how we can reduce climate change we were talking earlier and asking our listeners if they think about how. They should maybe change their diets to help decrease the impact of the emissions that that we cause into the environment and I'm curious when we hear about how beef cattle produce some much methane that the question then is well should we eat less beef but then there are lots of farmers and the world who are raising other animals like chickens and pigs and so what is their contribution we think of climate change. So it's true that because of an take me thing ruminants contribute more to climate change than monograph street like pigs or chicken but they contribute in any case and in different ways monographs we don't release and take me thing but they use large amounts of cereals and soya cakes from the production of soya that can also be responsible of emissions for example we know that in different places of South America the production of soybean can be associated with the for station which is also a cause for climate change so it's it's not an easy choice between it's not really about switching from beef to chicken it's a more complex. I would say a system to consider and to looking to the different types of production but I think it's a it's a very wide thing to to to to ask ourselves as as consumers what is the eating what is the contribution of my food to climate change or other environmental impacts what kind of information is available to me and what are my choices we are lucky in in Western Europe or in North America to be able to make those choices and it's not the case for for many people who suffer from malnutrition and hunger Oh cannot make those choices not because they don't have the information but simply because they don't have. Identities to to to their food so I think I think it's a very right thing to do but again having in mind that you know you you have to be informed to make those choices you are mentioning that it's not as simple as switching from beef to other meat because when we think about farming with you know raising pigs and poultry we're also having to produce the food that they eat versus cattle that may graze. Yes exactly so that's the that's a question so if in the end we produce most cereals to feed more chicken to replace beef then the solution is not entirely. Positive and then what do we do with a 1000000 of factors of grassland that and the pressures that cannot be cropped with you made out if you would at about 2 thirds of the pastures and ranch lands in the world cannot be crops so they just they just can be used to produce grass to feed ruminants So we have to find a right balance and the right mix in production and in diets. I mentioned and that you're with the Food and Agriculture Organization within the u.n. And can you talk just briefly about some of the projects that you are working on to reduce carbon emissions from livestock worldwide. Yes we have quite a large number of projects for. Livestock production as we call it now. Recently we have engaged with the 13 countries in South America who have committed to. Invest in low carbon livestock production. For example we have a project 100 quote all. Looking at how to increase the productivity of cows in a quote or in restore the quality of pastures which is another way to do to actually limit climate change through storing more carbon from the atmosphere into the agricultural source so it's not only about reducing what the animals emits but also storing the carbon into grasslands for example we have another project in. Malawi just to give you another example where we look at how to better integrate crops and livestock production by increasing the quality of the diet of the camels and returning the manure from the cows as for 2 lies as to the crop fields and therefore making the whole system more efficient and reducing overall emissions this is where we live I'm listening opposite. Joins us from Rome she's a livestock expert at the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization and coming up we'll continue our conversation with her elbow talking more about land use and learn about a different approach to cattle grazing that can help reduce emissions from livestock you can join us to the number it's 602757266. For Connecticut the date of July 6th 1904 will always be remembered that's the day the Ringling Brothers Barnum and Bailey Circus big top caught fire during a performance and Hartford nearly 170 people lost their lives and hundreds more were injured as he escaped the fire learn more about this tragedy and its aftermath in the television documentary The circus fire watch Sunday night at 7 Connecticut public television funding provided by u. Conn health. Judge Brett Kavanaugh is a final vote away from being confirmed to the Supreme Court I will take him for Judge with Senators Collins and Mansion declaring their support he's cleared a key hurdle the stakes could not be higher for the court the country and for Brett Kavanaugh I'm Nina Totenberg join me for a special report on the Kavanaugh vote from n.p.r. News I hope you can join us tonight a. Connecticut Public Radio's news reports are made possible by the Marvin window and door show room of B.B.'s and attorneys that law. Will see mostly sunny skies today highs in the sixty's tonight partly cloudy lows in the forty's and near 50 along the shore partly sunny skies on Saturday highs in the sixty's partly sunny on Sunday a little more humid in the seventy's. Good evening here listening to rebroadcast from this morning's where we live this is where we live I'm loosing up with Anshul Today we're talking about how livestock contributes to global warming and we want to learn more pro about approaches to lessen the carbon footprint you can join us to the number 860-275-7266 Find us on Facebook on Twitter at where we live joining us from Rome is and livestock expert at the Food and Agriculture Organization at the u.n. And I want to take a quick call Ben is calling from Wallingford then go ahead with your question or comment. Hi I just want to say thank you for doing the show because the Says one of the main reasons I switched to a vague and diet 16 years ago and I don't think it's that difficult as people make out and as is done for people in the developed nations to switch to a vehicle that can be as healthy as anything that's based on animal production and it's I think it's really imperative that a lot more people do that given the damage that we've seen done on the hurricanes and. The animal agriculture operations in South Carolina just this month. Well Ben thank you for your comment I wanted to ask in the from the u.n. To address your question. And Ben was saying that he doesn't believe that it would be hard for people in developed countries to not switch over to being again what's your take on that. Well I believe that's that's correct again we were very lucky in in the high income countries that we call them to to have the choice in many types of food we can choose from from high protein legumes planned for to and we also even have supplements if for example we like ing some vitamin b 12 for not having any more products you know diets anymore we can find those supplements so it is definitely possible and some people may even say that it's not even more expensive so if it's a personal choice to do this then by all means. If you with that feel comfortable and informed enough to do it then it's a very good choice to reduce the environmental impact I think about the income disparities here in this country and while some people are able to switch over to veganism you know might be a stretch for I'm some families to think about only buy and specific food products and preparing food in certain ways and in that sense is that where government comes then with policies or to help families if they wanted to make that switch to to choose a this healthier option. Well I think we're not really there yet we know in the world that we have about 36 countries who have offshore dietary guidelines basically do the food pyramid like you like we all know it how much of each type of. Food items should you take every day so it's really a limited number of countries that are looking into the nutrition already I think the 1st step for for governments would be to make sure that people are educated about food children to start within schools that they have access to information that they can taste different things a diversity of food not only. Not only begin dyad but they can begin choose from from a large diversity of of items and. Educate themselves on the tastes but also where the products are coming from humans and so on so I think before everything the role of governments would be on education I want to bring into our discussion now Joe or a feature Dr Joe or a fee Cheonan operator of hidden blossoms farm in union Connecticut because I wanted to get more perspective on efficiency and land use and you also are someone who is raising cattle and Joe welcome to our show thank you. Also director of forest and agriculture operations at Yale School of Forestry and so I want to get your take on I when we think about New England we think of dairy farms not necessarily be farms that tell us why that is well dairy in New England with one of the last. Farming Systems that kind of made it through the hard times that we've seen with no one farming over the last 300 years to spend this constant change of what we grow here primarily because of where we're competing with agricultural products from elsewhere for a long time dairy was the thing that made it and knowing more and because. We couldn't ship milk long distances and so those are the farms that held out when you know in the 185930 years it was sheep farming and war that dominated the landscape and so we saw that change when we could start getting wool from other parts of the world I dare areas is actually what well lasted but it's also a big part of our our traditions now in a sort of our our landscape view because it is what we know. When we think about the big ranches out west grass resources are scarce your proponent of grazing rather than feedlot cattle broadly can you explain your approach Yeah well you know one of the reasons I'm a I'm an opponent grazing systems is this I've always think about the implication we're talking about carbon a lot today and. If we're importing fossil fuels into our food be it plants or. You know plants being grown for livestock that that's a long term carbon storage like millions of years that without putting into the atmosphere as opposed to grazing systems in grasses where we're cattle can use their own energy which is generated from those forage is to grow and to actually feed themselves so that's one of the reasons I've been promoting grazing systems and any other reason is to to maintain soil integrity so we want to have our soils . Staying where they are we don't want to maul and then up in the Mississippi river deltas we see where the heartland is ending up. And so having pretty crops keep so soils in place and you know. On our farm one of the things we make sure we do and there's a lot of farms in the Northeast said that I've adopted this and I sure didn't invent it but rotational grazing systems where we're actually moving the livestock in response to the plant condition and so that way when our forges are at a certain level we're moving the livestock before they're doing any damage and then allowing those pastures to regrow and recover so the carbon we're taking off is actually regrowing and really. Being really allocated in plants in about 30 days depending on moisture conditions which is very different than. You know range in systems out west where you might have you know you might need 100 acres to support a cow for example in Connecticut you could support a cow on 2 acres the technique that you're talking about comes pasturing that's one of the things we practice and so I'm really a fan of having a diversified pasture system and so. Having your animals be able to access different conditions depending on their their. Their needs so civil pasture is the integration of trees forage and livestock on the same unit of land and it's an agro forestry practice and it's it's definitely new to the region. But what it what it provides is some really beneficial animal welfare components in terms of always provided shelter from trees for for livestock. The trees are actually being grown as a crop so there's a secondary. Source of income there and then the. Whole system is sequester more carbon because the trees are more carbon then let me let me make this clear more carbon than an open pastorate treeless pastor would because the trees are adding another another place for that carbon to be stored on the landscape. And so when you think about it you're talking about rotation as well you're not just letting animals loose in a forest it's very intentional Yeah for sure you know one of the challenges with with the Darcys this you know one of our long traditions has been to just fence off the woods and put the cows in there or put the sheep in there or what some people are doing now is just like put in the pigs in there and pretending that they're eating eggs aren't and it's really a shame because that that traditional practice which sometimes we call just when grazing. Is very destructive to soil it's very destructive to tree roots and it definitely is poor for water quality. Not to mention the animals often don't have anything to eat in there and so so that is that is really common I mean there's hundreds of thousands of acres of that in the Northeast us alone. And there's no forage underneath and so so that's a problem because one it gets confuse the civil pastor which is a system that is actually rather robust and sustainable but to just from a environmental standpoint as has led to a lot a lot of issues with our our tree health and our ecosystem functioning and and much a is with us from Rob I just wanted to get her perspective on this these techniques said that Joe is talking about and. Well I think you explained very well I don't have much to add. Seems to be an expert in men and and raising systems in general I was just thinking listening to him that they are even more benefits from the systems than then just reducing greenhouse gas emissions or increasing the overall productivity of a bio mass form from want to take to we also know that it's increasing the biodiversity that you find on those factors not only from having grass species in species and trees and the animals but also because of the most like of. Forms usually hosts more insects and Fono than very. Special I see stems with the modernist landscape so it's a good thing for biodiversity too and even added to good thing to adapt to climate change because of the different depth of the roots from the trees and the grass then using the what resources from the stored more efficiently more of it and also the trees that can provide some shed to the animals so when you have a bit of drilled or heatstroke for. Some days that out than usual in summer because of climate change then the animals can can can resist better by by finding some shelter so it's a it's really interesting to see that those systems are also developing in the us I want to thank and motet life staff livestock rather expert at the Food and Agriculture Organization at the un joining us from Rome today and thank you for your time thank you for having me this is where we live I'm losing up with Anshul Dr Joe or rape. Stay with us he's a Connecticut b. Farmer owner and operator of head in blossoms farm in union Connecticut also director of the forest and agriculture operations at Yale School of Forestry. We're going to talk more with him after the break and the National Resource Defense Council how should we think about the food choices we make if we're concerned about climate change more on that after a short break but 1st it's N.P.R.'s fall fund raising campaign if you appreciate the different types of conversations we have here on where we live now is the time to support Connecticut Public Radio Here's the number to call. I'm coyote hole here with Carmen Basque on where we live producer taking just a few minutes out of the show to say 1st of all thank you for spending your your hour with us and choosing this radio station of all the radio stations you could be listening to you chose this one and for good reason because this is the best quality journalism and local reporting and local talk shows you're going to get anywhere else I think a lot of people not you of course but I think a lot of people in Connecticut think well this is the way it is with all public radio stations you go anywhere we go to month and I'll go to Missouri and we're going to get the same amount of all of local shows it's about I think we've got 12 hours a week of local programming not even including our news force So this is this is actually not what you normally find so next time you take a trip if you put on you know a public radio station wherever you're visiting you won't hear this many shows and this many awesome shows so there's something really really special about w. N.p.r. And the way you can support it is by calling us at 105842788 we're going to double you npr dot org slash donate and becoming a member or if you don't remember the last time your you did your membership to renew your membership maybe sign up for our auto auto pledge system we've got going on but enough about that carbon carbon What are your thoughts Well Ok and I am not a Connecticut native So I you know I grew up with another public radio station which I love very much but I have to say when I. Moved to Connecticut I was blown away by the level of local programming and you know I think like you're saying I think it's easy to sort of take that for granted but that is not the norm and to have several you know local talk shows that you know take an hour every day to talk about things happening in your community things that that are important to you that is that is really unusual and you know something that you might expect from a radio station that's 2 or 3 times the size of ours so I think that's a really special thing that we have here in Connecticut with Connecticut Public Radio but it's only something that we're able to bring you because listeners like you who you know care about where we live who participate you know we hear from callers every day who have things that they want to tell us their thoughts about what's going on in their communities issues that matter them you know if that's something you value if you're someone who values the fact that you can participate in that conversation this is your chance to also be a part of it in terms of supporting that financially so you know I think being a member is in some ways a cool way to sort of be part of that community and be part of you know really being the force that drives this local programming like where we live that we do every day. So again if that's you know if you've been listening for years and you know you've heard these fungi and you think you know some day or you know someone else will do it surely And you know I think I think a lot of realist I think that and. We know that most people who listen actually don't give so if that's you. You're not off. This is your chance to step up and support us because listeners are single greatest source of funding you are really what drives the conversation it really is public radio so if that's important to you you can give us a call 180584278 or you can pledge online at w npr dot org See the thing is we know you're not that 90 percent we don't who don't call we know that because the thing is if you. In the public radio we know that you're a curious person we know that you value good research we know that you value the truth and objectivity and then when we're all human beings we're doing our best to bring you all that and so while we know that's true about you if you listen we also know that you're the type of person who's going to step up and do the right thing and it feels really good when you hang up the phone so see how that feels Colace at 180-584-2788 send us that message and go to w. Npr dot org slash donate and thanks. As a graduate of charter own state. Being a mom as well being a soldier made me an idea. Because I know how to. I nail how to. Graduate it was a bachelor and the concentration was a. Little something. Very proud of that accomplishment learn more at sea org slash college bound funded by Connecticut state colleges and universities judge Brett Kavanaugh is a final vote away from being confirmed to the Supreme Court I will take him for challenged with Senators Collins and Mansion declaring their support he's cleared a key hurdle the stakes could not be higher for the course of the country and for Brett Kavanaugh I'm Nina Totenberg join me for a special report on the camera vote from n.p.r. News. Hope you can join us tonight at 8 support comes from our members and from best cleaners featuring environmentally safe green earth dry cleaning same day service Monday through Saturday home delivery and onsite tailoring information at best cleaners dot com you'll see mostly sunny skies today highs in the sixty's tonight partly cloudy lows in the forty's and land near 50 along the shore partly sunny skies on Saturday highs in the sixty's partly sunny on Sunday a little more humid highs in the seventy's Good evening You're listening to rebroadcast from this morning's where we left. This is where we live I'm listing up with Anshul coming up Monday Wales are the largest living animals on the earth today but you know they used to be the size of dogs on the next where we live we'll talk with paleo biologist Nick pines and about his new book spine on whales tells the story of his quest to understand the history of these creatures from the Antarctic to the desert and beyond you can join us that's on Monday and today we've been talking about how lot the livestock industry contributes to climate change and approaches to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the sector on the phone with us before the break with Dr Joe or a feature a Connecticut b. Farmer an owner and operator of him blossoms farm in union Connecticut and joining the conversation now is Allison Johnson she's sustainable food policy advocate with the Natural Resource Defense Council Allison welcome to the show Good morning thank you earlier we were talking about the work being done to approve efficiency a produce less greenhouse gases in the livestock industry but when we think about you know our individual choices and our listeners who might be thinking about this question when what should they be weighing in terms of the food choices they make. Well yes beef is the biggest food source of greenhouse gases so small changes in your diet can really have a huge collective impact I think this is exciting news actually because it means you can fight climate change with your fork for example we've calculated that if Americans ate just a quarter pound less beef each week basically if everyone gave up one big burger a week in the us it would be like taking $10000000.00 cars off the road for a year so that's a huge impact on ads that is $34.00 times more climate pollution intensive than like you know like being the lentils 1 so each meal that centers plants and includes less or no red meat has an outsized beneficial impact on the planet we're hearing from an mo tehy from the u.n. Earlier talking about this idea some may have of will just replace beef with poultry but that also has a trade off because then certain livestock that are non ruminants are eating grain feed and that takes up Reese and or g.m. Put in terms of fertilizer and land and somewhat I'm wondering what the your organization take is we know that poultry consumption is also brah. Well there are 2 pieces there so 1st most beef in the u.s. Is finished that people swear it is that the sting of corn and soy to other livestock animals and so you don't eliminate that impact and the impact of all of the fossil fuel based fertilizers and chemicals that go into corn and soy production. So beyond that these is about 5 times more climate pollution intensive than chicken or pork and chicken is a little bit better than pork by our calculation that has a lot to do with how long each of the animals lives and as a side note taking the also way ahead of beef and pork in shifting to responsible use of antibiotics beef and pork account for about 80 percent of livestock sales of medically important and about x. In the u.s. So all around right now chicken is looking like a more environmentally friendly option but keep in mind as we go back to that stat that beef is about $34.00 times more climate intensive than legumes like beings and lentils so if you're really looking for a big impact swapping any meat for legumes are plants and some meals is a great place to focus your energy. You can join our conversation here on where we live the number 860-275-7266 Mary's calling from Hartford Merry Go ahead I want to also emphasize the significance of production in getting higher quality food and I think a lot of people overlook the value of choosing organic or reading the labels to see if your milk has come from cattle that is grass fed or that your bees may know that you've selected that you know the producers that is that your chickens are are carefully. Humanely managed because very few people have really seen. These mass feedlots up close and and the use of antibiotics caging of animals I think people would recognize that they don't really want to ingest those foods and there's really been significant improvements in the management and it's all available in your grocery store if you read the labels Thank you Mary for that Allison if you want to spawn. Sir you raise some really important points very if we're thinking about the impact of beets specifically on the climate you know the 1st version is the last piece but beyond that it's often useful to zoom out and think about the overall impact of the different production model for b. Through the lots generate an unbelievable amount of air and water pollution as well as oil contamination often with terrifying health impacts for the people and communities who live nearby the the cattle mainly eat corn and soy as we've discussed so those are grown with massive amounts of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides that are made from fossil fuel and be about also rely much more heavily on antibiotics a practice that contributes to our growing and I are. Resistance crisis they do have these great well managed graphite operation that Joe is describing some of those practices earlier that can sequester carbon and soil and generate much less overall pollution so we really think of this as a last and better issue last beef and put those savings toward better quality grass fed organic beef when you choose to eat it. I want to go back to Dr Joe or a feature who is a Connecticut b. Farmer owns and operates it in possum farm in union Connecticut Joe tell us about do you feel like consumers are more open to buying your beef you know I think some are I think one of the challenges with. Our meat system is to buy beef from folks who are grazing and from folks who are able to raise it in the Northeast where the cost of land ownership is just incredibly high. They can pay for it and brought that up earlier is it's almost it's almost a luxury to be able to eat environmentally sustainable. Because of the cost of raising animals in a in a sustainable way and $1.00 of the challenges of that is is that there's a little bit more labor and fossil fuels are so cheap that we can produce food be it the food that we're feeding the livestock or just food for people and row crop systems using. Tractors and everything else and burning fossil fuel much cheaper than we can pay someone to do that that labor that the fossil fuels supplementing and so. Yeah so I think you know there's a lot of interest in consumers doing it and I think consumers are also finding that the flavor. Is is a much better profile than you would find with I guess more conventional types of of food and we know that the federal government subsidizes big ag But in terms of incentives for small farms is that something that Connecticut helps with jobs. I haven't found a ton of resources in terms of incentives to help as a producer but there are a lot of incentives for conservation and so sometimes you can you know I mean I I grow vegetables as well and my 1st high tunnel was paid for by the n.r.c. After the conservation mechanism so we didn't have that every growing crops like that you have opened their soil and between killing periods and the risk of erosion such a plastic over the top you can actually prevent some of that erosion and and so the n.r.c. If they have that from my perspective it was it was just a big boom it actually paid for the next cycle and the following year so. There are ways there are ways of finding resources to help sort of subsidize the farm but typically those are related to. Conservation mechanisms and you can often get more money for those when you're causing a problem than when you're not causing a problem earlier we heard you talk about how you rotate between regular pasture and silver Silvo pasturing that can be better for the environment but how scalable is it are you seeing more of this being done in our region Yeah there's been a lot interest over the last 10 years in civil pasture and it's very scalable The thing is we have we have a number of technologies right now that make a huge difference and there are simple I mean portable poly wire high tensile electric fencing around the around the perimeter you think allow us to move animals really easily and really quickly and go thing is a lot of it is just a change of the way farmers are practicing things and a way for them to learn how how to work with their animals and their animals also to work how to know when to work with them so when I'm going to move my cows I just stand on the edge and I just call them down and they all come and they sit stand at the gate and then I open the gate and they go through the next basher. Whereas the 1st time you do that it sure isn't sure isn't that easy and so it's really about learning the new farming systems and learning which technology can work really well such is I mean even just tanks of water that you can easily move with a automatic valve so you don't have to water the animals on the pasture every day you just make sure you have water in a hose going down to a 2 a tank with a float valve and that saves you 2 hours a day and you know loads with a tractor to move a tank of water it's just that a lot of technology out there that's very simple that can do a lot for. For moving cows and grazing there's even g.p.s. Collars now that will track how much forage or animals are taking in so one of the challenges of the past year related to like real production Ag has been that you don't know how much your animals are eating unless you're really trying to gauge how much the pasture is going down but with these new technologies of collars and I don't utilize these but they're out there you can actually for especially for dairy you can monitor how much you'd cows in taking over the course of a day. Like a fit that for a cow. Alison Johnson's also with the sustainable food policy advocate with the Natural Resource Defense Council Allison we're talking about individual choices earlier what is an r.t.c. Doing or seen in terms of the restaurant industry because we know that people want more sustainable choices how are they responding. That's a great question you know we eat a lot of meals away from home and the 3 largest food service companies in the u.s. Have immense power to shape the climate impacts of food served in tens of thousands of cafeterias and restaurants across the country so the largest of these companies Compass Group has already made a public commitment to reduce its red meat purchases and r.t.c. Is working to convince the other 2 companies to make similar commitments we're also serving these companies customers to find out how they're working to incorporate more plant based foods into their menus so there are a lot of important changes that individuals can make but it's also critical to look to this broader food landscape and shift it to more plant based work we also serve a fast food chains every year and this work focuses on antibiotics so this year we're shining a light on beef production where the industry still has a really long way to go but these huge buyers can invest in research they can invest in farmers and they have a lot of power to shape the climate impact of our food system. Earlier we were talking about you know income disparities in this country and sometimes it can be hard to make certain food choices because of your budgets and so I'm wondering Allison if you have tips for our listeners in terms of making sustainable choices that doesn't break the bank so to speak. Yeah. Well one of the reasons that we focus on these large food company says that they. Have the power to make sustainable choices mainstream there's a lot of wiggle room as far as affordability when you're looking at large purchasers and then it whole. Using me as more of a seasoning or a side dish that the center of the plate is a great way to. Keep that flavor that something you seek out while reducing your impact and then the classic staple rice and beans is inexpensive gives you full nutrition and it's a great way to build kind of healthy practices in here daily menu I want to thank Allison Johnson again she sustainable food policy advocate with the Natural Resource Defense Council Allison thank you for your time we appreciate it my pleasure thanks for having me also with us with Dr Joe or a feed chair who's a candidate b. Farmer owner and operator of him blossom farm in union Connecticut a job before we end the show what are your suggestions to listeners who want who want to do more to support a local farms and where where can we see room for improvement. Yes I mean the best thing in such in the northeast that folks can do is buy from the farmer so you know the food system we lose a lot of value as it goes through the chain from you know distributor to grocery store to consumer. And so folks can buy directly from the farm that's that's really the best the best option because in that money can go to the farmer to help them support some of the sustainable practices but also to learn about the practices that are going on in the farm because just because it's a small farm doesn't make the practices. Necessarily sustainable and so try to know your Farmer Know know what they're what they're up to and I think there's a lot of resources in Connecticut for that were folks can you know their farmers' markets there's. Cross predator farmer and cross over groups that are out there that. Predatory farmers farm bureau. Water Resources regular folks are going to farm in their cars so we'll try to we'll try to link to some of those at where we live but we want to thank you Joe again for coming on also director of the forest an agriculture operations a Yale School of Forestry thanks Joe Today show produced by Carmen basket special thanks to kind Wolf and our daily n.p.r. . And our fun drive too so please support us with a call now and the number to call 180584278 or you can go online to w npr dot org and click on the donate button I'm coming back off one of the Where We Live to do things you don't hear me on air too often but every so often. I'm here at my own Wolf another essential member of the Where We Live team coming on and taking a few minutes of your time to ask you think back about this program of where you live where we live that you've been listening to and you know is this something you value as a something are you listening who turns and every day to catch where you live in the conversations we're having about our community and our world and if that's something that's important to you something you value then now is your chance to tell us that and show that support by making a financial contribution to help us keep bringing you the local programming I think we did we say 12 hours a week of local content not even including the news Right right exactly and that is you know that is something that we really that's important to us here where. 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I know it's just between you and me so I can really talk about it but I change the channel to am radio and I was listening to it and there was like 7 minutes of screaming commercials and when the host came back they were hawking some life insurance like the host of the show is hawking a life insurance program and it was it was hard to listen to and it was like aggressive and I thought if the host of this program is hawking these products like how can I trust the host right and I was thinking about rating and how that works and how so different public radio is than anything else and now we take that for granted oh you know question I think we meet up on the 6th floor where the brains of the operation are like once a year we hear about ratings but otherwise it's not even a conversation our ratings are your memberships so when you call 180-584-2788 or go to w npr dot org slash donate you calling in tonight for where we live is going to send that message to the 6th floor that you love where we live where we leave where we live matters to you likewise if you call in during call in during the food schmooze during next whatever show you want to vote for that's how we that's how we know what our ratings are so let us know what you think give us a good rating please 180-584-2788 This is Connecticut Public Radio w n.p.r. And w. N.p.r. H.d. One merit and at 90.5 w p k t w p k t h d one Norwich 89 point one w e g w f m Stamford at 88.5 w. Our allies Southampton at 91.3 and w. Npr dot org This is state historian Walt Woodward and it's a companion to the upcoming a marriage. An experienced documentary of the circus airing on p.b.s. This October 8th than on Connecticut Public Television asked me to tell the story and create podcast about p.t. Barnum the man who was arguably Connecticut's most important native son listen to stories about p.t. Barnum at c.p. T.v. Dot org. Funding provided by u. Conn health. On the next fresh air Wendy Whalen a former principal ballerina reflects on what it was like to retire after nearly 30 years with the New York City Ballet following an injury and then starting a new life she is the subject of the documentary restless creature also jazz critic Kevin Whitehead will have a send tenor a tribute to jazz bassist Jimmy Blanton joining us. That's tonight 10 o'clock Good evening I'm coyote Well thanks for tuning in and for your membership goes a long way it's 8 o'clock. I will take. Care of and with that declaration from Republican Senator Susan Collins of Maine Brett Kavanaugh was put over the top I'm Jeremy Hobson this hour a special report from n.p.r. News the Brett Kavanaugh vote for the past 3 months the process has been polarizing and partisan which you say you've been through hell. Bent through. Hell And so this is not a job. This is Hill contentious from the moment his name was announced and so I will oppose him with everything I've got cabin us nomination almost derailed by accusations of sexual assault and here because I believe it is my civic duty to tell you what happened to me. And I were in high school so how did we get here what does it mean for the court and the country Stay with us for this n.p.r. Special report on the Kavanaugh 1st news. Live from n.p.r. News in Washington I'm Janine Herbst on the Senate floor this afternoon Maine Republican Senator Susan Collins took away any doubt on where she stood on Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh saying she will vote to confirm him Collins says she did find Christine Ford's testimony compelling but she says without cooperating evidence the allegations of sexual assault should not prevent his confirmation I do not believe that these sergeants can fairly per bad judge Kavanaugh from serving on the court Collins also praised Kavanagh's judicial record saying he received rave reviews for his 12 year track as a judge and was Virginia Democratic Senator Joe Manchin says he also will vote to confirm Kavanagh Meanwhile President Trump says he is very proud that the u.s. Senate cast a procedural vote this morning moving kavanah one step closer to confirmation as N.P.R.'s Scott Horsley reports the final Senate vote is expected this weekend the president's nominee cleared Friday's vote by a narrow margin 5149 leaving some suspense over the final outcome but with Republican swing votes Susan Collins and Jeff Flake announcing their support for Cavanagh he appears to have the backing he needs for confirmation at least that's the hope of White House spokeswoman Sara Sanders just going off of that is demonstrated exactly what you would want out of a Supreme Court justice he said over the last several months and I think that we're going into the weekend we certainly hope that the Senate will vote to confront if confirmed Kavanagh would be the 2nd justice Trump is installed in the high court in less than 2 years the president has also put dozens of conservative judges elsewhere on the federal bench Scott Horsley n.p.r. News the White House. In Chicago a jury has found a white police officer guilty of murder in the shooting death of a black teenager in 2014 N.P.R.'s Cheryl Corley reports it's the 1st time in decades a Chicago officer has been found guilty of murder in an on duty shooting it took the jury just a few moments to.

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