Ceiling could have repercussions around the globe. For more on the Global Implications of this fight, i spoke with a former representative of the u. S. On the executive order the International Monetary fund. We saw that the imf is warning that a default could turn the Global Recovery into a recession. How likely is that default . First of all, they did not say it could turn it into a recession. They said it be much worse. The imf language was quite inumatic quite dramatic its threat that if this close over a threat, its a Global Economic phenomenon no one wants to think about. I guess the point is the fact that we are talking about it means it is a heck of a lot more likely than it ought to be. Until this week, we were not seriously talking about it. The assumption was saner heads would prevail, and the full scope of what is at risk with c been to the consciousness of all the decisionmakers, and we would never get to this point. I still think it is less than likely that we will end up going into a default scenario, but it is certainly more likely than we should find ourselves talking about. We saw the dow jones dropped today by 169 points. How are the Global Markets have before the four washington responds . Its not a good thing for people who hold equities, but i do not think it is even close to where political actors in this art going to need to see a market force pushed them to do things that they are just ideologically and politically not willing to discuss right now. 150 points i do not want to say it has to be some huge multiple of that. I think it has to be a significant multiple of that. Lets say there is a default. What does that mean for emerging economies around the world . Default in the context of october 17 means there will be some bills the United States does not pay. They will be what is known in emerging markets as arrears, where you do not pay your bills on time. But if we get to the point where we are calling into question whether u. S. Treasury securities are going to be valid collateral in the Global Financial system, that is a really big deal. The is the lubricant of Global Financial system. What will it mean for us all . Could it mean potentially that Interest Rates go up . That peoples mortgages get more expensive . I hate to say it, but i think that would be a benign outcome. If you can no longer use u. S. Treasuries as the most easily liquid collateral in the world, its a question of you may not be able to get a mortgage for a certain time because the basic benchmark everyone uses to set rates in the Mortgage Market no longer ay be valid measure by which to set more standards. Thats just around the u. S. You go around the world, suddenly, a lot of transactions that are interbank rely on a , right or wrong authorities in italy have detained a tunisian man, suspected of being the captain of the boat full of african migrants that sank off the coast of lampedusa. He faces charges of aiding illegal immigration and multiple counts of homicide. Meanwhile, ministers from the European Union were in luxembourg trying to work out how to prevent a similar tragedy from happening again. After, the bodies keep coming, and they are not finished yet. Divers at the wreckage look at the horror of their work. The bodies of dozens, some with arms stretched out as if in a plea for help, are crammed into the hall the whole the hull of a boat that they thought was taking them to a better life. For years, this has been the landing port of choice for thousands, putting a strain on the island in the country. Tomorrow, the european commissions president will arrive. They have already prepared their message. We will ask it is just not possible they europe continue to accept that these people enter europe and a fashion,s horrendous so we will ask for new policies on asylum. Leaders pledged, certainly in vain, that this will never happen again. Prompt a rescue operation, that we cover the whole mediterranean in order to prevent future catastrophes and save more lives and ask Member States to give their Political Support and also make available resources. That will take money and commitment at a time when europe is reluctant to spend more. Some focus on the need for wider policy to combat illegal immigration. We need to combat with countries in africa we need to cooperate with countries in africa. What is going on there is unbelievable. They take all their money and send them on these unbelievably unsafe boats across the mediterranean. That cannot carry on happening. But the problem is also one of harvard he and violence driving people towards europe. The problem is also one of poverty and violence. Eu has agreements with countries like morocco to improve access to europe for illegal migrants, while clamping stoppingllegal entry, the problem before it gets to the stage. On lampedusa, they know ultimately europe cannot stop people coming. Even this dusty outcrop of rock in the middle of the mediterranean seems like a better life for millions. And other news now, the worlds chemical weapons watchdog says it is sending a second team of inspectors into syria to help destroy the. Ountrys stockpiles the organization for the prohibition of chemical weapons says it has made a constructive start. They set out in november 1 deadline to syria to destroy. Yrias chemical weaponry it is known as the so called god particle, and today, the british and elgin scientist who predicted the existence of the higgs boson have won the nobel prize for physics. They have been the favorites to share the prize. Vindicated by researchers earlier this year. Our science editor reports. Meet a very modest winner of a nobel prize peter higgs, shy but brilliant. His equation proved right half a century later. It was in geneva last year that the particle that bears his name was actually discovered. This is the key element in the fabric of the universe. Today, scientists were delighted. They did not win a prize themselves but felt proud of their role in proving a fundamental theory. People were just screaming and shouting in sheer joy when we heard the announcement. It was all in swedish, but we knew exactly who had won it. Peter higgs had suggested the things that give substance or mass by interacting with and invisible field around them. Last year, emotions ran high when the. Was confirmed. For me, it is really an incredible thing that happened in my lifetime. Tonight, Stephen Hawking who had doubted the higgs boson never be found, gave his reaction. I would like to congratulate peter higgs for winning the nobel prize for predicting the existence of the particle, now known as the higgs boson. The basic idea of science is that you have a theory and then do an experiment to check and make check if it makes sense. But once eggs and his counterpart checked their theory, it took this massive installation to prove they were correct, but the result has been pretty momentous. We now know the mechanism that gives the stars, the planets, us our substance, our presence in the universe. And the higgs boson is just the start. We are on the brink of a whole new vista of research. I think after 50 years now, its high time to open the window into the dark universe. That is next. Peter higgs helped open that door along with a belgian scientist who shares the prize, but today, he avoided all limelight. This is genius at its most humble. Particle that joins everything together. You are watching bbc world news america. Still to come on tonights program could there be no hope and a fight against malaria . One trial offers promising results that a vaccine may be just three years away. Thousands of people in eastern china still struggling to cope with the effects of typhoon a typhoon which made landfall early on monday morning. The storm brought heavy rain and caused widespread panic. Authorities say five people have been killed, hundreds of homes have collapsed, and large areas of farmland have been destroyed. Emergency officials and soldiers have been deployed to help residents stranded by the flooding. Shanghai, heres our correspondent. In just one province alone, according to official state media, more than 4 Million People have an effective has been effected have been affec ted. Abrupt onset and teen hundred homes and destroyed 46,000 acres of farmland. Down 1400 homes. This farmer says his chickens are all dead after the farm was hit by the torrential rain. The flooding caused by the rain and more rainblem is expected. The army has been brought in to help people trapped in their homes make it to safety. These passengers had to be rescued from their stranded bus. Across the wider region, travel and Economic Activity have both been badly affected. Tens of thousands of votes have been called actin support back into port. Ae typhoon has served as reminder if anyone needed as the pose, that typhoons can even towards the end of chinas. Eak typhoon season the worlds first vaccine against malaria could be less than two years away. Its been on trial in africa for the past 24 months. The latest results suggest that the drug made by glaxosmithkline will halve cases of malaria in children. Is one of the biggest threats to childrens health, claiming around 660,000 lives every year, mostly in sub saharan africa. This is a major trial involving 15,000 children in seven african countries. The result suggests that among children aged five to 17 months, a cut cases of malaria by nearly one half. Among infants six to 12 weeks, it reduces cases by a quarter. Intends to apply for a license, and if approved, the World Health Organization will consider whether to rollout the vaccine across africa. Gs k says it is committed to making the vaccine affordable to africa and will not make a profit. More crucial data will come out next year, which will disclose whether the vaccine and a booster dose in a booster dose can extend protection. For more on the impact of this vaccine, i spoke a short time ago with the head of the Preventative Medicine Department at Vanderbilt University in nashville, tennessee. In your opinion, how much of a break through with this malaria vaccine be how much of a breakthrough would this malaria vaccine be . We have had so much difficulty in the past that any a breakthrough. But there are issues practically. It is a threedose vaccine. We are not sure exactly how long protection will last, so those are issues that have to be worked out. Do you think this vaccine could realistically be ready in just two years time . It is a potential. Remember, this is a vaccine that offers partial protection. For an individual, we will not be able to assure them that their child will be detected, but from a Public Health point of view, if we gave it to everyone in the community, we might diminish the impact of malaria fewer hospitalizations, fewer deaths in a community. That would be extraordinary, but what about the risks of side effects . People always worry about that with any new vaccine. We are looking to see what happens in a Larger Population with a followup. That is absolutely critical. If protection wanes too quickly, we will have people who were protected for a short time, and then susceptible again. That could be a problem. The vaccine is supposed to last for 18 months. What would happen after that . A booster . They would have to be boosted, and how much more boosting to carry a child throughout childhood into adolescence we are not sure about that yet. The makers of the drug say it will be affordable, but who will pay for it . The World Health Organization and all the countries that if we have anit, effective vaccine i think will contribute to it. Of course, it is development oh, subsidized in part by the bill and Melinda Gates foundation. I know from having seen myself children dying of malaria thisst africa how dreadful is. How much of a difference could the vaccine make . It could make a great deal of difference and actually alleviating some of this mortality, these deaths, particularly among young children. That. O have to balance we have to make sure the parents understand at they have to keep up all their other antimalarial measures. We do not want them to be lax about the use of bed nets, for example, to protect against the use of mosquito bites. This will be an addition to what we do to fight malaria, not a substitute for it. Thank you so much for joining us. Thank you. Tonight, and eagerly awaited and controversial new movie will have its premiere at the new york film festival. Be years a slave is said to one of the most brutal and realistic depictions of slavery ever to have made it to the big screen. Based on a true story and then directed by british filmmaker steve mcqueen. We have been speaking to him and the lead actors about the film. Of all the pictures being shown at the new york film festival, one of the more eagerly waited is rooted in the harrowing reallife experiences of a free black man from new york who in 1841 was kidnapped into slavery, stripped of his identity, given a new name and sent south to plantations in louisiana. The film cycles 12 years of enslavement. Because it is from inside a place that is not an observer, it is somebody and a voice coming out from deep inside the experience, that is what makes unique. So completely the film was produced by Hollywood Star brad pitt, who had a small part in the picture. It is to manage directed by filmmaker steve mcqueen. A film abouto make slavery because it was something which had not been much looked at before really in depth. It was just a gaping hole in film history. I thought i wanted to investigate, find out, look. In mcqueensity film is hard to bear. When it was first shown, several people reportedly walked out. Michael fassbender, who plays a particularly sadistic plantation owner, maintains the abuse had to be shown. That is the reality of it. If we really wanted to do justice to solomons story, who are we to decide where to censor . That view is endorsed by the director, who also believes the film is resonating strongly with audiences who have already seen it because it taps into concerns. I think people especially in the United States think about this quite often. To have an outlet, to have a vehicle for their voice i think has made the film a torch and a way. The film is already being talked of as a frontrunner in the oscars race, even though the trophies will not be handed out until march of next year. Immediate challenge will be to prevail at the box office. The big question is will significant sufficient numbers of americans want to see such a brutal portrayal of slavery . Slavery and all its brutality there, bringing todays broadcast to a close, but you can continue watching bbc world news america for an update. Make sense of International News at bbc. Com news. Funding of this presentation is made possible by the freeman foundation, newmans own foundation, giving all profits to charity and pursuing the common good for over 30 years, and union bank. Bank, ourn relationship managers work hard to understand the industry you operate in, working to nurture new ventures and help provide capital for key strategic decisions. We offer expertise and tailored solutions in a wide range of industries. What can we do for you . Bbc world news was presented by kcet, los angeles. Captioning sponsored by Macneil Lehrer productions woodruff the Supreme Court heard arguments over Campaign Finance today, in the biggest case involving political donations since Citizens United three years ago. Good evening. Im judy woodruff. Gwen ifill is off tonight. Also ahead, an exclusive interview with white house counterterrorism adviser lisa monaco, on the heels of the weekend raids in libya and somalia. And from new york city i want to make the new facebook, and thats what im going to do. Woodruff a profile of a Program Training todays High School Students to become tomorrows tech entrepreneurs. Those are just some of the stories were covering on tonights pbs newshour. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by moving our economy for 160 years. Bnsf, the engine that connects us. United healthcare. The william and flora hewlett foundation, working to solve social and environmental problems at home and around the world. And with the ongoing support of these institutions and foundations. And. This program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Woodruff our lead story tonight accusations again flew up and down pennsylvania avenue on the eighth day of the partial government shutdown. President obama did raise the prospect of a shortterm solution to address that and the coming debt limit, but republicans werent buying. Newshour Congressional Correspondent kwame holman has our report. I will sit down and work with any one of any party. Holman president obama came to the White House Briefing room this afternoon to rebut republican criticism that hes refused to negotiate. Ive shown myself willing to go more than halfway in these conversations. And if Reasonable Republicans want to talk about these thing again, im ready to head up to the hill and try. Ill even spring for dinner again. But im not going to do it until the more extreme parts of the Republican Party stop forcing john boehner to issue threats about our economy. Holman in fact, the president said, hes even willing to discuss changes in the Health Care Act after republicans agree to reopen the government and raise the National Debt ceiling. He and House Speaker boehner did get together by phone this morning but reportedly mostly exchanged talking points. Shortly after mr. Obama spoke this afternoon, boehner came before the cameras with his answer the president s position he said, is unsustainable. The long and short of it is theres going to be a negotiation here. We cant raise the debt ceiling without doing something about whats driving us to borrow more money and to live beyond our means. The idea that we should continue to spend money that we dont have and give the bill to our kids and our grand kids would be wrong. What the president said today was if theres Unconditional Surrender by republicans hell sit down and talk to us. Thats not the way our government works. Holman meanwhile, House Republicans say theyll call for a special Bipartisan Committee work out fiscal issues and end the impasse. A Similar Group in 2011 tried and failed to reach an agreement on deficit reduction and the president today rejected trying that again. A quorum is present. Holman and over in the senate, democrats made plans to