Astronomer galileo first used a telescope to gaze upon mars. And today, the National Aeronautics and space administration, nasa, continues galileos efforts by sending probes, like the automobilesized curiosity rover, to explore the red planet. But with an annual budget of over 17. 5 billion, nasa is not cheap. Still, nasa says it offers value for money. Making that case in recent months, nasa has announced the discovery of liquid water on mars in warmer seasons. Because water is necessary for known forms of life, its presence means life might be possible on mars and water might also give future manned missions to mars a measure of sustainment. Mars make obamas 2010 decision to cancel the Constellation Program and nasas manned mars mission look shortsighted . Pat no, i dont think so, john. Do in space and we should be doing in space. My belief is interspace. Mars is pretty far out there even though its one of the planets thats pretty close to venus is on the other side. Look, we went to the moon, which is close. Mars has, in terms of gravity, its not as big of planet as the United States, so the gravity is not quite as strong. And the idea, if youre thinking of it, of sending a man to mars, i see no purpose to it, and i can tell you one thing about him, he aint or she aint coming back. [laughter] john eleanor. Eleanor well, the book and the movie the martian, starring matt damon, he does come back with a lot of creativity. [laughter] eleanor and, you know, these and i think its wonderful that we should still explore outer space. Its up to the next president to decide if they want to put the money into it. Its not out of the question. Its still part of nasas goal to go to mars, i think by 2035. And i dont think theres as a goal. And maybe pat put somebody up there . Eleanor well, you know, the atmosphere is really not conducive and the water they found, they have a looks a little wet. Its not like swimming poolsized bodies of water. Pat its going to be a short stay. Eleanor yeah. I mean, its hard to imagine that mars can sustain life, but maybe it once did and, you know, maybe the way we sometimes treat our planet, be nice to have mars as a backup plan. Go for it. John can you foresee paul ryan, speaker of the u. S. House of representatives, confronting the launch of a manned mission to mars . Tom no, i dont think hell confront that. I think paul ryan is much more concerned about reducing the size of the federal government, discretionary spending, and primarily in entitlement reform, big tax reform. One of the reasons theres relative consensus on nasa, it embodies in a pretty obvious and undeniable sense the very best of what the United States can do, has done, stands for, inspiring the world. The space program. I remember a previous i wasnt on but the kennedy speech you showed, that kind of oratory and inspiration of a to a new generation to go forward. And actually if you look at the size of the budget and look at what we spend in other areas, i think its comparatively small compared to the gains we get in terms of exploration and learning about the solar system and the universe. In terms of the new technological developments. And i would say one final point to that, the big thing on mars with the water there, why its such an important discovery i would say is the universe is a big place. And if we found water there, perhaps surprisingly, then what does that say about the potential of water elsewhere and thus through that water potential of life elsewhere . John how big is the universe . Tom i dont know. Clarence larger than a bread box. Pat around the sun and you move into other areas, other suns and other planets. I mean, the stars are actually suns, john. And so theres other universes out there. Tom solar system. John as a collection, lets say. Tom hundreds of billions of galaxies. By definition, a universe is universal. Pat the planets need certain requirements in terms of temperature and water and all the rest of it. Gravity, for any kind of life to exist. Clarence there are hundred billion stars in our galaxy and there are a hundred billion galaxies in the visible universe. Tom i think its a billion. John visible universe. We got a visible universe and invisible universe. Clarence our telescopes cant see it yet. You know its there. Are you making news on this program . Clarence i am not making news on this program. Pat you know why you cant see it, its because the speed of light. John wait a minute. Pat the speed of light. Many of the stars have come in, the speed of light has finally traveled all the way from those universes to our world and you can bet new stars appears, the light from those stars has just arrived. They travel at 187,000 miles per second. Eleanor and we learned that by sending government money and learning these things. Tom and the space program, you know, that i would say its the best that is government at its best, actually. That limited expense government contract. Tom but they inspired through competition with the soviet pat and got in trouble, too, tom. Apologize. I just did. Tom one of the things thats important, we talk about faster than light travel. Faster than light travel when were talking about the speed of light, right, the potential of exploration beyond the solar system, beyond the galaxy. It requires that you travel faster than light. Pat you have to go to warp speed as they say. Tom but nasas laboratory does google it. Its fascinating about worm hole theory, black holes. I cant say 90 of it. Its impressive enough you can get some meat out of that and understanding. And a new century when we have the ideas, globalization, challenge, this is a great area for america to inspire a new generation of students to get involved. It makes math and science cool in an unmitigating way. Clarence you mean its an election tool . Tom no. A good rewarding career path. John which of the 2016 candidates to the u. S. Presidency will make a manned mission to mars a reality . John kennedy was the last democrat to strongly back nasa. Today pat what are you talking about. President nixon was president in 1969 when all of the men landed on the moon. Since nixon was president nobody has been on the moon. Johnson gets great credit for it. Kennedy certainly started it. But nixon did a great job on it, john, and he deserves some credit especially from you. John youre writing a book. Pat im writing a book on nixons white house years and im having trouble getting a happy ending to it all. I spent three years with him before he was president. John you carried his bag . Pat no, not exactly. Some were with him in 1959, 1960 when he ran against j. F. K. John on a probability scale from zero to 100, how likely does it now seem that there is life on mars . Pat life comparable to ours, zero. Eleanor yeah. Maybe it existed once upon a time but now, no. Tom no. I think it makes it much, much more likely to the probability that it is likely that there is life in the universe. Clarence i think more likely there was life on mars but theres a lot of theories around the moons around jupiter as the conditions for heat and water. Internally. Eleanor mars doesnt have a climate thats conducive to ours. John well, im declaring clarence correct. Census. Did you find a flashlight and the battery . Yes. Did you make sure were not missing anything in the first aid kit . Yep. Did you go to the plan with the kids again . The more you prepare today, the more youll reduce the devastating effects of a tornado, blinds to gos 60th anniversary sale is back. Plus 1 woohoo right now buy one get one at half price throughout the entire store. Blinds. Shades. Sunscreens. The entire store hey, any excuse for a party. And big savings. Wel veoullhereummoe anlsor yr. Lu 40doarba. Soo li oca n. T t t pt. Etio party on, people. Blinds to gos 60th anniversary sale is back. Plus 1 celebrate when you buy one t one at half price off the entire store. Blinds. Shades. Sunscreens. The entire store cause the older we get, the more you save. Thats just how we roll. Blinds to go. Blinds for life. John issue two student census. Im media, can i talk to you . No. You need to get out. You need to get out. No, i dont. You need to get out. I actually dont. All right. Hey, who wants to help me get this reporter out of here . I need some muscle over here. John a debate over free speech is under way on the nations campuses. That video shows a university of missouri professor arguing with a reporter earlier this month. The professor and some students claimed the media were infringing on a student quoteunquote safe place of contemplation. And watch what happened at yale, also this month, after a master challenged an administration email warning students against offensive halloween costumes. It is not about creating an intellectual space, it is not. Do you understand that . It is about creating a home here. You are not doing that. John one commentator said about video we just saw that it reminded him of the maoist red guards technique of thamzing, which is public haranguing of ideological enemies. Campus . Pat well, john, its not red guard, but the red guards did was beat these people up and brutalize them and kill them and frankly lynching them. Thats the greatest cultural evolution. This sounds like a screaming 10yearold, some pampered poodle on campus, spoiled brats really who had not really suffered at all and theyre complaining and whining. Somebody called them a name. Somebodys wearing a costume with a sombrero and it insults them. It just really shows if you take look what happened 19, 20yearolds, world war ii guys going up on beaches dying, fighting for the country and you have these people who are privileged and at University Campuses whining and complaining. The problem, john, is the authorities on the university really dont have any moxie. They are like the guys in the 1960s who clarence careful. Like mr. Wilson, have them get off your lawn. Im not unhappy to see fewer Fraternity Boys with black face on campus or the indian head dress, etc. Yes, its not killing anybody but it is insulting to various folks and in my generation we put up with it because we had bigger fish to fry in the 1960s, youre absolutely right. My sons generation, theyre a lot less patient about this sort of thing. Thats why you see the campus uprising. Theyre basically kids, students. They make mistakes like yelling at the photographer, yelling at the reporter. Thats dumb. They undermine their own success at getting a pat 19, 20, 21, 22 years old. This is the world. People will call you names in the world. All of us have been called lots of different names. Clarence i was called a lot of names. Pat im sure you were. John hes got last of names. Clarence i got bigger fish to fry than to worry about the names. We had the draft going on. Lot of parts of the country. There were lots of things going on. We had bigger issues. This generation doesnt have these issues. Attacks drove all these protests out of the news is a message, also, to some of these kids that, hey, there are bigger problems in the world. But clarence is right, there are some genuine offensive acts that have occurred on these campuses that the administrators have turned their eyes away from. And thats worth pointing out. Pat stand up for their own rights if somebody used the n word, why dont we eleanor not if theyre putting swastikas pat call the dean to help them out. Eleanor not if theyre putting swastikas out there and the n word. That has happened. Pat so what . Clarence this is the challenge. Eleanor thats worth complaining about. Clarence if you were being insulted you wouldnt tell people, im whining. Pat i wouldnt go to the dean clarence you would go find recourse. The fact is the dean wasnt offering recourse and the deans job is Student Affairs and not taking care of Student Affairs, theyre not doing their job. Thats why the Football Team walked out. Football teams dont walk out of political protests very often. Pat the dean of that school should have said, you guys are going to play saturday and if you dont play were putting on the scrubs and youre out of school and youre losing your scholarships. Eleanor the coach backed clarence the coach backed them. Eleanor and theyre making they had the cards and they tom millennial alert. Millennial alert. Let me get in here. So the problem we have, i think, College Campuses have put into the idea speech. You let the authority of the professors, the deans, to impose some idea that you shouldnt dress this way. What that does is it forces this political issue into this area profoundly, i would say, unamerican in terms of nonfree speech. The best way to deal with this is in the best form of american society, going back, number one, students need to read a lot more of greek philosophy, thomas payne, jefferson, you know, americans, instead of gramsci and pat speaking of payne, Teddy Roosevelt called him a filthy little atheist. What do you think of that as an insult . Tom thats the point. Eleanor probably wore it as a badge of honor. There are ways to do that. Not the kind of influence were talking about that was at the heart of these protests. Tom when my generation at college and im sure its a different experience. My friends who are black, if someone came over in black face today, i would say i would use profanity and no, but clarence nobody did that when i was in school. Tom exactly. Thats a tribute to clarence some white friends, whom i had many, blacks were couldnt defend fight for yourself. Themselves right now using the eleanor he was a student photographer and it is a balancing of rights and the woman who was screaming about getting the muscle is the professor and she later apologized. So they worked it out. Pat she lost her job in the journalism school. Clarence but not the communications school. Its separate schools. Tom heres the problem, with a journalist it gets very problematic if there is an idea of an interpretation of where that journalist has to his perception of the story or her perception of the story should surely in public land define the pursuit of that story. As to the individual. Clarence the correspondent at the white house. Thats what were talking about here. It might be unreasonable. John what about him . Pat 1968, father found a bunch of them demonstrating and said, ill tell you folks. You have 15 minutes to make up your mind and get out of here and if not you will be suspended. Wait another 15 minutes and you will all be expeled. And thats exactly National Hero for doing it. Clarence National GuardNational Guard opened fire on the students. Is that the right way or the wrong way to solve it . Pat youre comparing him to shooting people at penn state . Clarence expulsion may not be the proper way to deal with it. Maybe at the university you want to have dialogue and have people educate each other. Pat how can you have dialogue if you tell everybody else to shut up . John hello, hello. Hello. Beam me up, scotty. Beam me up, scotty. Hello, hello, hello. Should knowledge of the u. S. Constitution, including the bill of rights, be a prerequisite for College Admission . You know it is in the constitution. Tom no, because thats a eleanor this is about freedom of speech. Your freedom of speech ends when you get to punch somebody else in the nose . John no. Freedom of speech is guaranteed by the constitution, the First Amendment. Clarence but thats not an issue. Eleanor should that guarantee yelling fire in a crowded theater . John no. Im not saying that is the eleanor those are the arguments theyre having on campus today. Pat john, if you were shouted down in a speech, whos going to guarantee your right, First Amendment rights, who are you going to go to . Clarence its a question of right versus college administrators, freedom of speech. Pat its been shouted down. Freedom of speech is not universal. Pat you move off of campus and move to another campus. John move to another campus, thats the way you handle it . Pat in a campaign, look at one got shouted down for one month to where he couldnt speak by these little fascists. Clarence a photographers right to take pictures. So were talking about it. Were not talking about a big constitutional argument. The fact is you work these kind of things out. Reporter, and ill been to many places where people will say, reporters, stand back or whatever. Doesnt necessarily mean your student is getting financial aid, there ought to be a can i get a say . Eleanor a muscle. John hello. Hello. To get a degree, a student has to know that the constitution guarantees his freedom of speech. And where it occurs, and where it occurs. Clarence in fact, the woman admitted she was wrong. Tom those safe places. They should have an idea that a college in a philosophical sense is not a safe place because its an exchange of ideas. Eleanor thats a trend on colleges and some colleges take their role in parting pretty seriously. There are lots of safe places. Clarence and those who ridicule safe places are people who never needed one. Thats the difference. Tom no. This is what im saying. You make sure you support your buddy or your girl whos getting this from one racist ass or whatever it is but at the same time you sit down and say this is why youre crazy. Clarence thats the bestcase scenario. The worstcase scenario is the individual doesnt get any support and they get harassed. Tom debate them. You have to debate them. Otherwise they go underground. John well be right back with predictions. Looking for these . You drive buzzed, it could be one very expensive ride. First, you got to make bail. Then pay me to get your car back. Your insurance premiums will go through the roof. And my legal fees just keep adding up. Costing you 10,000. John prediction time. Pat the terrorist attacks in paris, john, are going to move politics in europe on immigration very sharply to the right everywhere. Eleanor i would hope on this thanksgiving weekend that people would reflect on how very lucky we are in this country to have really lived mostly without the scourge of terrorism and to open our hearts to the people from syria who are fleeing from the very forces that we condemn. And i think that the American People will not move as far to the right as pat buchanan is suggesting. We didnt elect President Trump because of the paris attacks. Tom i think 2016 will be the most challenging years in terms of france. What pat is talking about, marine de pen is moving towards a president le victory in terms of whats happening. Clarence you can expect to see more colleges facing student protest. Unlike pats remedies, most will act proactively to try to get dialogue going. Pat one or two, clarence. Ive been expeled. Its not that bad. John all right. Lets settle down and get realistic. This years black friday retail sales failed who top last years 50 billion figure. Continuing a threeyear downtrend for black friday. But retailers should not panic. Overall holiday sales will still be up this year