Civil Aviation Organization denies the jet was hit by a missile battery goes top energy executive is warning the u.s. Territories largest power plant could remain offline for up to a year because of earthquake damage this evokes memories of lengthy power outages that followed a pair of hurricanes in $2172.00 days after being hit by Puerto Rico's most powerful earthquake in more than a century only half of the Caribbean island has its power restored Pope Francis is accusing world leaders of failing to listen to the concerns of youngsters pushing for global action against climate change you're listening to v.o.a. News. U.s. Vice president Mike Pence says u.s. Officials believe Iran intended to kill American forces with its ballistic ballistic missile attacks on bases in Iraq this just a day after President Trump said Iran appears to be standing down from a new conflict with the u.s. Meanwhile the trumpet ministration is firing back at lawmakers who are angry about the u.s. Air strike that killed Iran's top general Foley reports the lawmakers say even after classified briefings the administration has not provided enough evidence the general case seems all the money was an imminent threat to u.s. Personnel in the region this is Republican Senator Mike Lee of Utah probably the worst briefing I've seen at least on a military issue in the 9 years that you're in the United States Senate but vice president Pence says they can't release all the intelligence read of all a Washington on Capitol Hill the u.s. House of Representatives is expected to vote on a measure limiting president Trump's ability to take military action against Iran been Thomas report House Speaker Nancy Pelosi describes last week's drone strike that killed an Iranian general Qassam Sola money as provocative and disproportionate she made the comment in a statement announcing the vote on a war powers resolution that seems certain to pass the House despite solid Republican opposition Senator Tim Kaine is circulating a similar proposal in the Republican controlled Senate and while that one faces a decidedly uphill fight a number of Republicans including Utah as Mike Lee and Rand Paul of Kentucky have indicated they're at least willing to listen and may even co-sponsor a resolution Ben Thomas Washington Australian authorities are urging another mass evacuation across the heavily populated southeast as a return of hot weather fan huge bushfires writers c.r. Lead reporter return of extreme temperatures has led to calls for another mouth of occupation in southeast Australia months to bush fires have scorched an area the size of South Korea killing 27 people while thousands have been made homeless. Prime Minister Scott Morrison on Thursday called for unity I would encourage all strands continue to follow the advice of authorities to bring calm to each other as to why you are thank you for your generosity and your support the New South Wales Government has pledged to the $1000000000.00 to help rebuild communities the Pfizer expected to continue until Australia experiences solid rainfall that's Reuters he orally reporting Prince Harry and his wife Meggan say they plan to step back a senior members of Britain's royal family a peace Karin Chamas has more a communique released by Buckingham Palace hinted that Harry American statement had quote the royal household by surprise we understand their desire to take a different approach it right but these are complicated issues that will take time to work through Britain's media didn't like it either limb busting that you could duchess a Sussex in articles columns and editorials that expressed everything from disappointment to fury I'm Karen Chamas. Today is Thursday January 9th and this is via ways international edition I'm Steve Miller in Washington coming up with a pause in the tension between Tehran and Washington what's next president in Iran or. Evaluating. What just happened there and I think both saw it 1st ignoring the desire to do you know. But you know warning. There could be cured her. Bus with just about 3 weeks to go before brags that what challenges face British Prime Minister Boris Johnson Those stories and more are next. In a highly anticipated speech Wednesday u.s. President Donald Trump signaled the u.s. Would not take military action in response to more than a dozen ballistic missiles that Iran fired at 2 Iraqi air bases housing u.s. Troops but instead would impose additional harsh economic sanctions against Iran to further damage its a con I'm a u.s. Armed forces are stronger than ever before our missiles are big powerful accurate lethal and fast under construction are many hypersonic missiles the fact that we have this great military equipment however does not mean we have to use it we do not want to use it American strength both military and economic. Is the best deterrent Iran fired missiles into Iraq early Wednesday following threats by Iranian leaders of retaliation against the United States for an air strike ordered by Trump that killed Iranian cuds force commander Qassam Solomonic the Us leaders had stolen money was responsible for some of the absolutely worst atrocities of also call for other signatories of the 2015 joint comprehensive plan of action or j c p o a to follow Washington's lead and abandon the nuclear deal with Iran for more analysis on where things may go from here I spoke to James Phillips senior research fellow for Middle Eastern affairs at the Heritage Foundation Well I think the president. And Iran or both pausing to evaluate what just happened and I think both sides are signaling a desire to deescalate but yet warning that there could be future clashes. If things go back to the way they were in Iraq before this most recent crisis if we take a look and what's going on in the region you have Hezbollah calling for Iran to continue to make strikes you have Iran saying that as long as sanctions are in place there's really no need to have discussions and yes the pause button appears to have been pushed on either any kind of further escalations has the needle moved to stanch really to change the situation. I think it has changed substantially in Iraq both for the better and for the worse I say for the better in the sense that Iran no longer can operate in Iraq under the assumption that it will not face repercussions and up until recently it's been acting with impunity to. Hide behind its proxies to launch attacks this destroy. General Sulaimani if nothing else. Lead to enhance to terms of Iran in Iraq the bad news is that Iraqi militias tied to Iran still remain heavily armed. Led by. His followers to follow Iran's example to avenge the airstrike that killed so many so I think there's a chance that. Iran publicly is stepping back Iran's puppets in Iraq are likely to step forward. Have if those claiming loyalty or supporting government carry out action against say u.s. Forces or u.s. Allies in the region last time that happened in Iraq the u.s. Responded with 5 air strikes including to Syria and that signaled a willingness to escalate outside the Iraq theater. Khatab Hezbollah which launched a December 27th attack. In Syria as well as Iraq so if it happens again there's a possibility that this could spread. Eastward into. Targets linked to the Revolutionary Guards but that's something that Iran cannot at this point and after the death. I think President Trump. Have for the region because we're not talking just about. Countries. And the Gulf area as well could all be affected by this. And they're already you have been affected by your Iran's long term campaign to set up a proxy militias I mean Israel and Iran actually have been at war in Syria and Israel has launched hundreds of airstrikes that have killed the Iranian revolutionary guards and their Syrian proxies so that's nothing new for Israel other countries long have resented Iran efforts to. Subvert and around a core audience. Members of their c.e.o. Populations and its efforts to work with Sunni extremist groups so you know I think behind the scenes there are many in the region that are happy that the Revolutionary Guards have been brushed back that was Heritage Foundation senior research fellow for Middle Eastern Affairs James Phillips speaking to me from his office in Washington congressional Democrats are voting today to curb u.s. President Trump's ability to pursue open conflict with Iran speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi explained why today we will have a resolution on the floor fight put forth by Congress for many. Ellison can live very proud of her. Experience in terms of national security under Democratic and Republican presidents and I'm now a member of Congress fighting for the resolution of this week last week in our view the president made ministration conducted a comeback and it just of pushing that air strike against Iran which endangered Americans and did so without consulting Congress tensions between the United States and Iran appeared to be easing Wednesday after Trump said Iran. As ballistic missiles attack an Iraqi base proved the country was standing down but the national Democrats and the administration has yet to outline a clear strategy for dealing with the Islamic Republic following the u.s. Airstrike that killed Iranian general custom Solomonic name the way Congressional Correspondent Catherine gypsum joins us from Capitol Hill Catherine welcome to the program thanks so much so what can you tell us about this bill that Speaker Pelosi is putting forward for sure so it's a confounded by Thing resolution which is actually causing a little bit of a ate up here on Capitol Hill this morning that back and forth that we are Kolo see and he top Republican here on Capitol Hill Kevin McCarthy this but a lot of back and forth especially in the past day since the classified briefing for members of Congress about whether or not Democrats questions about the full monty air strike were valid whether it was coming at the right point if the debate and whether they really should be holding the vote on this issue of a crowd so arguing that they have the right under the u.s. Constitution to question the president about going into war going in the conflict. Today really start that debate you know out Republicans they're criticizing the Democrats because they're saying that there's we're going to Lani by asking the types of questions so will you give a little bit ugly up here today speaking of that classified briefing some Republicans and some Democrats have also come out and said that there were a lot of questions that have to be remain as to whether or not there was an imminent threat which the president has authority to take immediate action on right yet just yesterday was really interesting just to Republican senators come out of that classified reach say and were dismissed Republicans come out in support of President Donald Trump and his decision making process but that was not the case with these 2 Senate. There was Paul and Lee yesterday and said it was one of the worst briefings they've ever received during their time in the Us Senate and that they really were not provided with the information they would need to function as another branch of government that supposed to be a check on the executive branch a check on the presidential decision making process they were very upset and said that they would vote against support of that work powers resolution that's due to come up in the u.s. Senate about sometime next week we'll have about 40 seconds left I want to turn the tables and talk about impeachment Speaker Pelosi also says that they're still trying to have some negotiations with the Senate but both some Senate Democrats and Senate House members have said it's time to turn over those articles that's right but we of course just heard Speaker Pelosi say that she will certainly over in due time but she is ready that she is still waiting to see the arena for impeachment managers we know of course that the speaker of the house is in charge of appointing those kind of a manager to run the key through over in the Senate she says she is not going to be known until she knows what all that Senate trial is going to run and she is still holding back even though she's been a little bit of criticism within your own caucus gathering Jepson is via ways congressional correspondent she's speaking to us from Capitol Hill thank you very much for your time today and you're so welcome on top Ukrainian security official set out what he said were 4 main theories for why Ukrainian airliner crashed in Iran the previous day killing 176 people including a possible missile strike and terrorism. Denny love secretary of Ukraine's national security and defense council made a statement as an initial report by Iranian investigators said that the plane a Boeing 737800 had been on fire immediately before it crashed in a Facebook post in a love wrote Ukraine is looking at various possible causes of the crash they also. Include a possible collision or an engine explosion the crash happened hours after Ron launched missile attacks on u.s. Led forces in Iraq leading some to speculate that the plane may have been hit but it and initial assessment by Western intelligence agencies the plane had suffered a technical malfunction and that it not been brought down by a missile as according to 5 security sources who spoke to Reuters News Agency 3 Americans one European and a canadian all of whom asked not to be named Danny Glover said Ukrainian investigators in Iran wanted to search the crash site for possible debris of a Russian missile after seeing reports about its possible existence on the Internet you're listening to v.o.a. News. In a minute. Scientists have predicted that the simple doesn't want galaxy. The Milky Way even. With our galaxy recent studies suggest the. Crash into our galaxy about 2500000000 years new research presented another recent meeting of the American Astronomical Society proposes that this approach inclusion is going to sing new stars in the far reaches of. Populated by the galaxies. And analysis of a cluster of these young stars suggests that they have been. And will probably move material Magellanic Clouds The research also finds that. Really from the words galaxies is about half the distance of colliding with the Milky Way that previously . Rick Pantoliano. V.o.a. Is international edition continues I'm Steve Miller the Duke and Duchess of Sussex have announced that they would be stepping back from British royal life world commentator Richard Fitzwilliams on Wednesday gave his reaction to Prince Harry a Megan's announcement the way the supreme have out of the fact that her statement put out a pattern of either the Queen or other senior members of the royal family and knowing about it is simply almost beyond belief the b.b.c. Reports that Buckingham Palace is disappointed Harry said that after months of reflection and discussion the couple planned to carve out a progressive new role by stepping back and splitting their time between the United Kingdom and North America to allow their family the space it needs while that news has been dominating the British news cycle January is the month in which Prime Minister Boris Johnson seeks to take Britain out of the European Union for more on that as January 31st approaches I spoke to Henry Ridgwell in London the legislation has to pass through different levels back in December it passed the 1st stage of voting in the House of Commons today it's back in the House of Commons Commons for another reading and another vote and then it goes next week to the House of Lords that's in effect the opposite like the Senate where it will be scrutinised again in the House of Lords but it would be a great surprise if any of them wanted to to pass any amendments and then it will come back to be signed by the queen into law that's just over 3 weeks away and Michelle Bunyan has come out and said that the 11 months after that the end of 2020 which is Boris Johnson deadline to try and get all the ramifications of the divorce. A deal in place the trade deal with the e.u. . Probably won't be able to take place exactly it's a very tight time frame even if it was 11 months but if you factor in that it's likely that every single national parliament within the European Union will have to ratify this that gives us even less time perhaps only 6 months to negotiate this ambitious free trade agreement the Boris Johnson says will be possible and will be easy there's 2 different schools of thought on this there's Boris Johnson's reasoning that already Brittany's exactly closely aligned with the European Union because it's still a member so if you start from the point where we're already aligned then it won't be much of a jump to go to a free trade agreement where we can carry on trading very freely and very easily and so trade deal when be that hard but then there's the European Union school of thought which says Well actually we have hundreds of different issues to negotiate over whether it's going to be access to British fishing waters for European fishing boats financial services the sharing of data you name it every single aspect of the relationship between Britain and the European Union is now up for grabs and so it's going to be a very very tough year of negotiations and those who say that BRICs it is going to be done at the end of this month well guess what on February the 1st that's when the real hard negotiations begin and we'll be talking again exactly about what the future relationship might be could this in fact linger on past the end of the year and sure in new discussions and new delays Boris Johnson doesn't want to see Absolutely and I think that's going to be his 1st major difficulty in that he has promised to get it done that was his slogan in the election that was his slogan during his leadership campaign for the Conservative Party. And now reality is going to hit the Conservative Party is going to hit Boris Johnson and the fact is I think most people except even senior members of his own party accept that it would be impossible to work out every single detail of the future relationship with Europe by far Britain's biggest trading partner in a matter of a few months that was reporter Henry Ridgwell speaking to me from London the World Meteorological Organization warns Australians should brace themselves for a protracted summer of catastrophic brush fires blaming climate change for record breaking heat waves and persistent drought it's a shrine has that story Australia's summer fire season usually begins in late January early February this time it got off to an early and catastrophic start in September in the states of Queensland and New South Wales the bushfires have killed more than $22.00 people destroyed hundreds of homes burned large swathes of land and caused massive devastation to wildlife ecosystems and the environment the world beater logical Organization warns the current fire season is likely to be unusually long and challenging with the potential for further catastrophic outcomes. Spokeswoman Claire Nala says naturally occurring climate variability is playing a role in these unprecedented events she says another driver is a phenomenon called the Indian Ocean dipole which was very strong last year and that has the effect of making Australia it has the effect of making East Africa wetter which is why we saw the floods and East Africa so on the one hand you do have the natural climate variability on the other hand Climate change is playing a role and we should be and no doubt about that a report by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology says climate change is causing. temperatures to rise and contributing to long term increase an extreme fire weather is says December 19th was the hottest stay on record with an average temperature a 49 pointed 9 degrees centigrade recorded that knoller bore in south australia nala says australia's bush fires have far reaching consequences the fi as of lead to has a does quality which is a threat to human health in major cities in australia spreading to new zealand and sent smoke drifting thousands of kilometers across the pacific to south america and snow a satellite sent out to tweet that the smoke is and the process of sir communicating the planet dub you in those scientists warned wildfires harmed the global climate by emitting carbon dioxide they say far is last leads to the reduced out take of c o 2 from the atmosphere further fostering climate change the session line for vo way news geneva authorities in south eastern australia are urging residents to evacuate as the mass of brushfires will get a boost thanks to the return of extreme heat in heavy winds later this week temperatures are expected to soar above 30 degree centigrade on friday and ng the rain and cooler temperatures the provided a brief respite for wary firefighters who have been battling the flames a small but growing number of hong kong protesters who fled to taiwan for save deal over the past few months fear an opposition victory in the islands election this week well put them in peril and force them to leave wooders michelle hennessy has that story as high won his themes like a safe haven for hong kong protest is aiming of last month she's in cities a cloth taiwan have cooled for hong kong is tests to eyeball him and messages it's the poor to to paid on the streets of type pay Well protesters who fled here have no you legal way of gaining permanent asylum Taiwan's president signing when has allowed dozens of them to temporarily stay boss in upcoming election Kuttan victory to the opposition and some faired they could fulfill them to leave. One protester who goes only by jam says he planned to stay in Taiwan. He says he doesn't think he can go back to Hong Kong took part in the storming of the city of Legislative Council in July something he fears he could face up to a decade behind bars for Taiwan's history is complicated China considers it its own and wants to bring it under its control becoming president is from a pro Independence Party challenger favors close to time with China and even though he's always support for the Hong Kong protest is the prospect of a hunger you presidency is still concerning some of the people who live fled him one protester who didn't want to reveal his real name explained why Pang volume when hungry or you visited Hong Kong he ran to the Hong Kong Liaison Office to meet with contraries of communist China that showed clearly that he is of the pro China faction and therefore our enemy Communist China is Hong Kong's and Taiwanese common enemy so this is why we have such an antipathy towards his pro China stance Saturday's election will see who cool the shots for the next 4 years until then all the protesters can do is wait there was Reuters reporter Michelle Hennessy Lebanese prosecutors issued a travel ban for a fugitive ex Nissan chief Carlos going and asked him to hand in his French passport Thursday following an Interpol issued notice against him the travel ban comes after prosecutors interrogated go on for nearly 2 hours over the notice about the financial misconduct charges he faces in Japan go and said he wanted to stay in Lebanon and. Has no issues with handing in his passport Tokyo Proxima cuter who arrested going in late 2018 said he had only himself to blame for his earlier 4 month long detention and for the strict bail conditions that followed such as being banned from seeing his wife Nissan said it was still pursuing legal action against gun despite his escape China announced on Thursday the vice president Lee you huh will travel to Washington next week to sign the Phase one deal with the United States and a deescalating the trade war between the world's 2 biggest economies the u.s. And Chinese officials have said that the agreement includes protections for intellectual property food and farm goods financial services and foreign exchange as well as a provision to dispute the resolution and that's going to do it for us today you've Welcome to learning English a daily 30 minute program from the Voice of America I mean he must stop and to I think Candy this program is aimed at learners so we speak a little slower and we use words and phrases especially written for people who are . Today on the program you will hear stories from Susan Shand John Russell Barbara cawing Leo Scully and Morris Joyce But 1st this report with help from Brian lim. Each year the Consumer Electronics Show or C.E.O.'s presents new technology developments across many industries the event is going on this week in Las Vegas Nevada it is a chance for companies to launch their latest products aimed at making life easier more productive and fun here is a list of some of the most interesting products introduced at C.E.O.'s 2020 this show is always a favorite place for companies to release their latest televisions this year was no different several manufacturers released large models with 8 k. Which is considered the highest quality standard Samsung showed off a new 8 k. Version that brings the picture right to the edge of the t.v. Samsung also introduced a t.v. That can be used to watch video designed for a smartphone this sero t.v. Does this by turning itself from the normal t.v. Position to an upright position that looks like the shape of a phone. The t.v. Can connect to mobile devices to play video directly from the phone the t.v. Is already for sale in South Korea for about $1600.00 The company says it is designed to appeal to the mobile generation Samsung says it plans to expand Sarah's availability to several global markets in 2020 a company called tone new presented a waste can design for the home that does a lot of the dirty work on its own when the can is full the user touches a button to activate the machine's smart abilities the device then completely seals the waste bag inside and puts a new one in place all by itself the can then raises its top so the user can pick up and throw away the back people who snore when they sleep might be helped by the motion pillow this smart pillow is designed to collect information about the sleepers head position and breathing during the night the system then uses this data to change the shape of the pillow with the help of built in airbags The idea is that by changing the pillow the sleepers head will move just enough to improve airflow through the nose and reduce snoring. Segway people movers have been around for years but the company used c.e.o.s. To announce its new s Pod model the new transporting Pod looks like a small chair with wheels The company says its new model is designed to be used in enclosed areas such as airports amusement parks and shopping malls Mophie announced a new charging device that can wirelessly charge smartphones and also be used to start a car with a dead battery the power station go comes with 2 u.s.b. Openings for device charging as well as car battery connectors and site. Industry company Continental showed off a new technology that seems to make the front end of a vehicle disappear Continental says the technology called Transparent who had. To make driving safer and easier cameras provide video of the area underneath the vehicle permitting the driver to see objects and road conditions that might present danger Samsung provided a 1st look at a technology that could turn just about any surface into a device keyboard the virtual keyboard is called selfie type. The system uses a devices camera to analyze finger movements as they type on a flat surface and shows the results on the phone Samsung says the virtual keyboard does not require any other equipment besides a mobile device the technology is still being tested a company called a.o. Air it just a wearable air purifier the device is designed high tech face covering to block pollution the Purifier pulls air through a filtration system and then uses fans to create a small area of clear at the front of the device the company says the design permits the air to be purified well. After it's. I am Brian Lamb. And I'm Dorothy Gundy. Airline companies are changing flight paths throughout the Middle East following the deadly crash of a Ukrainian passenger plane in Iran Wednesday the crash killed all 176 people on the plane it happened just hours after Iran attacked American bases in Iraq with ballistic missiles no one was hurt in the strikes. The strikes were in answer to the u.s. Killing last week of Iranian military official cost him a sole Imani the plane crashed minutes after leaving terror an airport Iranian officials said they believed a mechanical problem caused the crash they have disputed suggestions that the plane was hit by a missile Ukraine's president Volodin Mir Zelinsky cut short a visit to Oman to return to Kiev following the crash he said a team of Ukrainian experts would fly to Tehran to help investigate the crash our priority is to find the truth and everyone responsible for the tragedy Zelinsky wrote in a Facebook statement the u. I flight was bound for Kiev the Ukrainian capital carrying 167 passengers and a crew of 9 Ukrainian foreign minister via dam price state go said The dead included $82.00 Iranians $63.00 Canadians 11 Crain Ians 10 Swedes 4 Afghans 3 Germans and 3 Britons airline officials said most of the passengers were going to the Ukrainian capital Kiev to change planes for other cities later Wednesday several European airline companies announced they were changing their routes to avoid Iranian airspace the changes are expected to decrease air travel between Iran and Western Europe. Air France and Dutch Airline k l m both said Wednesday that they had suspended all flights over Iranian and Iraqi airspace German airlines have to also cancelled flights to Iraq and North America Air Canada changed its flight path from Toronto to Dubai through Egypt and Saudi Arabia to avoid traveling over Iraq in Canada foreign minister Francois Felipe Champagne said Wednesday Canada's hearts are with the loved ones of the victims including many Canadians the Ukrainian president asked Ukraine international airlines to begin a full inspection of all non military airplanes in the country Iran's road and transportation ministry said it appears that one of the plane's engines caught fire. The plane was fully loaded with fuel for its 2300 kilometer trip it crashed near the town of shot head shot are just outside terror on I'm Susan Chand. A relative of starfish does not have eyes but can still see that information comes from scientists who studied sea creatures in the coral reefs of the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico the researchers reported this month that the starfish relative called the red to brittle star her is only the 2nd creature known to be able to see without having eyes this ability is called Extra ocular vision the other creature said to have extra ocular vision is a kind of sea urchin brittle stars with 5 arms extending from a central disk are part of a group of marine life called a kind of derms they have a nervous system but no brain the red brittle star measures up to about $35.00 centimeters wide from the end of one arm to the other it lives in bright and complex environments because of the possibility of being eaten by fish the creature hides during daylight hours. The red brittle star possesses extra ocular vision as a result of light sensing cells called photo receptors the photo receptors cover its body and crumb out of fours the cells responsible for pigment or coloring during daytime the chromatic fours narrow the field of light being detected making each photoreceptor like the pixel of a computer image when combined with other pixels the image becomes complete the visual system does not work at night when the chromatin for contract in size laboratory experiments suggested that the brittle stars have very simple vision placed in a circular environment for example they moved toward walls that were white with a black bar suggestive of a daytime hiding place Lauren Sumner Rooney is a research fellow at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History she led the study which appeared in the publication Current Biology if our conclusions about the chromatic fours are correct this is a beautiful example of innovation in evolution she said. I'm John Russell. Welcome to the making of the Nation American history in video way special English and our last program we told you the story of the Statue of Liberty it was given to the United States by the people of France Lady Liberty holds a bright torch high over the harbor of New York City millions of immigrants coming to America past the statue as ships carried them to the immigration processing center on Ellis Island Leo Scully and Morris Joyce tell the story of immigration in the United States during the 1800. American life was changing and it was changing quickly before 1860 the United States had an agricultural economy after 1860 but country began to change from an agricultural to an industrial economy in 1860 American shops and factories produced less than $2000000.00 worth of goods 30 years later in $1890.00 American factories produced $10000000.00 worth. By then more than 5000000 persons were working in factories and mines another 3000000 had jobs in the building industries and transportation year after year production continued to increase and the size of the industrial labor force continued to grow a great many of the new industrial workers came from American farms farm work was hard and the pay was low young men left the family farms as soon as they could they went to towns and cities to look for an easier and better way of life many of them found it in the factories a young man who worked hard and learned new skills could rise quickly to better and better jobs. This was not only true for farmers but also for immigrants who came to the United States from foreign countries they came from many different lands and for many different reasons but all came with the same hope for a better life in a new world in the 1850 s. America's industrial revolution was just beginning factories needed skilled workers men who knew how to do all the necessary jobs factory owners offered high pay to workers who have these skills British workers have them many had spent years in British factories. Pay was poor in Britain and these skilled workers could get much more money in America so many of them came hundreds of thousands some factories even some industries seemed completely British cloth factories in Falls River Massachusetts were filled with young men from Lancashire angle and most of the workers in the shipyards of San Francisco were from Scotland many of the coal miners in America were men from the British mines in Wales. Many were farmers who came to America because they could get land for nothing they could build new farms for themselves in the rich land of the American West one of the best liked songs in Britain them was a song about the better life in America its name to the west its words helped many man decide to make the move to America to the west to the west to the land of the free where mighty Missouri rolls down to the city where a man is a man if he's willing to toil and the poorest may harvest the fruits of the soil where the young May exults and the aged may rest away far away to the land of the West. To another group of emigrants America was the last hope. Ireland in the 840 days suffered one crop failure after another hungry men had to leave in 850 our loan more than 117000 people came to the United States from Ireland most had no money and little education to those men and women America was a magic name throughout Europe when times were hard people talked of going to America in some countries organizations were formed to help people emigrate to the United States a Polish farmer wrote to such an organization in Warsaw I want to go to America but I have no money I have nothing but the $10.00 fingers of my hands a wife and 9 children I have no work at all although I am strong and healthy and only 45 years old I have been to many towns and cities in Poland wherever I could go nowhere could I earn much money I wish to work but what can I do I will not steal and I have no work so I beg you to accept me for a journey to America as the years passed fewer people were moving to America for a better job most were coming now for any job at all work was hard to find in any of the cities in Europe a British lawmaker told parliament in 1870. That Englishman were leaving their country not because they wanted to but because they had to they could not find work at home he said that even as he spoke hundreds were dying of hunger in London and other British cities they were victims of the new revolution in agriculture and industry small family farms were disappearing in their places rows large modern farms that could produce much more new machines took the place of men and millions of farmers had to look for other work some found it in the factories industry was growing quickly but not quickly enough to give jobs to all the farmers out of work in the next 10 years millions of people made the move from Britain Germany and the Scandinavian countries but then as industry in those countries grew larger and more jobs opened the flood of immigration began to slow the immigrants now were coming from southern and eastern Europe anti Jewish feeling swept Russia and Poland violence against Jews caused many of them to move to America in the late 18th eighties cholera spread through much of southern Italy fear of the disease led many families to leave for the United States. Others left when their governments began building up strong armies young men who did not want to be soldiers often escaped by moving to America big armies were costly and many people left because they did not want to pay the high taxes. Whatever the reason people continued to emigrate to the United States these new immigrants were not like those who came earlier these new immigrants had no skills most were on able to read or write factory owners found that these eastern and southern Europeans were hard workers they did not protest because the work was hard and the pay was low they did not demand better working conditions they did not join unions or strike factory owners began to replace higher paid American and British workers with the new immigrants business leaders wanted more of the new workers they urged the emigrants to write letters to their friends and relatives in the Old Country tell them to come to America that there are plenty of jobs. Letters from America brought many more immigrants the big steamship companies also helped industry to get more of the new workers they paid thousands of agents throughout Europe to sell tickets for the trip to America . Their efforts meant that steamships bringing grain to Europe could return to America filled with immigrants they came by the hundreds of thousands people of all religions from all across Europe many remained in New York and other eastern cities but many others moved westward they took jobs in the steel factories of Pennsylvania and the coal mines of West Virginia they worked in the lumber camps of Michigan and in the stockyards and meat packing plants of Chicago. Where they in a few years foreign born workers held most of the unskilled jobs in many American industries American workers began to protest they demanded an end to the flood of immigration that will be our story in the next program of the making of a nation. And that's our program for today listen again tomorrow to learn English through stories from around the world I'm Pete Musto and I'm.