They wont be investigating it. Heres what he said. Somebody is the why dont we need an investigation . If everything is probably just ask if mazda 6000 rockets have been launched, but we have to confirm every fragment, because someone came out and said that you crane is attacking itself. And everything is obvious to us. But the things you didnt scruples. Liza lensky regime, following in already establish scheme, committed a bloody provocation. Iraq that attack on a markets in the city of constantine of cost, which ukraine immediately tried to blame on rush out. But the facts recorded by cameras and least online have disrupted the calculations of the project. Gators and t of the video clearly shows that the missile arrived from areas under the control of the Ukrainian Armed forces. As a result, were now seeing how the key of regime and sponsors are trying to hush up the story and not draw too much attention to it typically go up to speed you to loop so good. Now was it her renders attack . 16 people died . Dozens were injured, and immediately we heard the blame it on russia. However, or even some of the most ardent supporters of the granting government didnt buy the store, especially as facts began to surface. Lets review some of the response we heard in the aftermath of the blaming this surrendered incident on russia junctions problem, where people lukes q in the sound from before the impact and the likely reflection of the income and projectile on the car. The rock at the head constance enough car gain from the northwest. Hope its as possible to state that fact without being called names. Now at this point, weve got the defenders of the ukranian government scrambling to rewrite their narrative. This fax surface about this around is attacks on the marketplace. They now are scrambling to say that somehow it still rushes fault because the strikes took place in the context of the war and they blamed russia. Ready the war now thats a pretty desperate attempts to hold on to their original blame as to fax, the bond what they. Ready largely put forward in the immediate aftermath of the attack, but it shows how desperate certain forces in certain news outlets are to maintain a. Ready nato version of the dance. So i much the breaking down our latest Un Security Council meeting force. Thanks very much. Well, thats the route phenomenon. Speak to scotts money back again in just on the 30 minutes time. Thanks for watching. The the latest study on infertility released by the World Health Organization says one and 6 individuals globally are affected by infertility in their lifetime. Sky know who is in, on this edition of the 360 view. Were going to look at the reasons why infertility in some regions of the world is growing well, other regions are on the decline. Lets get started. The, the human body is extremely complex and the ability to reproduce involves multiple systems to Work Together and to individuals. All in order to produce a single human life. For some it might be easy, while others a challenge, its not impossible. Infertility is a motional struggle, which is deeply personal, and it is a global phenomenon which does not affect an individual or region uniformly. If youve ever looked into the eyes of a couple who are trying to have a child, but cannot, you see a deep emotional and physical pain, which just sometimes is so strong, it can even break the cup. However, there is no way to rejoicing that from a couple who has faced the challenge and overcome either naturally or with the help of science. Both of these examples are what united, regardless of our nationality is human. A dell was discuss infertility around the globe is marsha and horn. Now she is a professor of anthropology and International Affairs at yellow university and author of the book, motherhood on ice. Thank you so much for joining us. Thank you. Do we have a global growing and fertility crisis and why . Yeah, infertility is a Global Reproductive Health problem. I think i would call it a crisis because approximately 10 percent of all reproductive age couples around the world are going to face the problem of infertility at some point in their reproductive lives. And, you know, there are a causes of infertility that are growing around the world, for example, something called poly is the sick over syndrome, a hormonal metabolic problem. So yeah, we are facing a significant infertility problem. Its estimated that anywhere between 50000000. 00 and a 186000000. 00 people around the world are internal right now. The estimates are imprecise, but its millions of people around the world suffering from the inability to conceive a child. And so its a, its a problem i, i consider it to be a reproductive justice issue as well. Because the definition of reproductive justice is the right to have a child, the right not to have a child and the right to parent, a child in a safe and healthy environment. And infertility is about the right to have a child and the difficulties and having a child. So its really something that we should be addressing uh, as part of the Reproductive Health agenda around the world, marsh, i love the fact that youre bringing up, man. So why do you think male sperm counts, and total testosterone drops so precipitously in the past several decades . Mainly in the west . Is this a global trend . Yeah, you know, male infertility is the, should be Reproductive Health problem. When we think of vendor to infertility, women are always the ones that seem to be the fertile party. But more than a half of all cases of involuntary childlessness around the world are due to male factors. And so we really need to be acknowledging male infertility much more than we do a manner just sort of ignored in this, in this issue altogether. And so i really appreciate your bringing it up. A lot of male infertility is really not preventable and not curable because theres a genetic etiology to it. There are genetic factors that cause male infertility, and, you know, men are born with this problem. Its a chronic Reproductive Health condition for them. And theres not a whole lot that they could do to treat it. There are assisted reproductive technologies, particularly a variant of ivy f called x. The interest cytoplasmic sperm injection. That is, you know, a solution for many internal man. But you know, youre right. Why, you know, there are other things going on that are causing, you know, these cases of male of utility if more than half of the worlds cases a childless, this are due to male factors. And so we need to be looking at things like smoking, more than 50 percent of the worlds been smoke, and smoking is not good for male, Reproductive Health. Its from out of toxic. And there probably are environmental factors that are coming to play. You know, for example, that certain pesticides cause in facility and in agricultural workers, certainly all of the chemicals and toxins that have been used in worser around the world are not good for facility. And so yeah, were, were probably seeing an increase in mainland for it. So the cases due to, you know, due to environmental factors that really need to be studied further. You have said male infertility is the hidden story of the middle east. Why do you believe this is an issue for men . Why is it not being addressed . Yeah, i mean for me, the reason i focus on the middle east is thats where the majority of my scholarship has been located for the past 30 years. Theyve done a lot of work. And in each up loving the United Arab Emirates i, im basically a scholar of the middle east. Although recently i have a new book out on a cruising in the United States which we can talk about. But yeah, so i worked in the middle east for a very long time, and early on i was focusing on female infertility. But really realize that a lot of the, you know, infertility really wasnt a problem facing the women and a couple it was really due to the husbands infertility problems. And so i, you know, began to study it and i actually have a book about male infertility in the middle east. I think that there are some genetic issues in the region. There are high rates of what we call come. So im going to use marriage where people tend to marry within the larger family, you know, 2nd cousins, 1st cousins. And so there probably are some genetic issues that play. But also theres a lot of heavy male smoking in, in the middle east. And in the big cities, theres probably a lot of environmental pollution, and we know that things like heavy metals are toxic to males firm. And so this issue of declining sperm counts. I mean, its been reported in the media sort of globally, and its inconclusive. Are, you know, man is males, firm around the world, is it getting worse over time . Theres some debate about that. But certainly, you know, male infertility is a really important Reproductive Health issue that just doesnt get much attention. And frankly, most men have no idea if theyre fertile or infertile until they get married and started having problems conceiving with their partners. And then they go for seem and analysis. And this is where they discover whether they have a 1st firm count or low motility. This firmed up move, well, some men have nose firm in their a jacket called a those for me or so there are a variety of different male infertility problems. And again, you know, its just isnt something people talked about in the middle east though. I think one of the most interesting stories is that when this new reflected technology called ecc, arrived in the region in the mid 19 ninetys man started hearing about it and they sort of started coming out with their male infertility struggles going to i, the clinics to you know, seek this exist solution and so there was a real change, a real recognition the that know infertility isnt just so womens, Reproductive Health problem men can be infertile to they need to take the burden off their shoulders of their female partners and sort of acknowledge and accept that their insured all and that really happened. And in fact, sort of, you know, in facility unfortunately is often associated with manhood or womanhood. You know, its something wrong with a man, hes not a man. But when with, you know, the recognition that infertility is a medical condition that can be overcome in many cases. This medical as a sort of helped to less of the stigma of infertility including male infertility. And thats what a really Good Development in the middle eastern region, the middle east also, you know, although in the west we hear nothing good about the middle east. The middle east has a remarkable assisted Reproductive Technology sector. There are many ivy clinics throughout the region as actually one of the regions of the world that has done a lot, you know, to sort of make treatment for infertility accessible. So its a very interesting region, you know, globally. And i would say that gender relations around infertility have improved dramatically over the years that ive been working there. Now in the past, do you think and fertility was probably diagnosed, considering we didnt have the medical technology we have today . Yeah, you know, its, its, um, we have now, you know, the just seem an analysis for example, has been around for a very long time. You know, the to diagnose female infertility. You need to have sophisticated hormonal testing. Sometimes you need to do procedures to look at the sort of a condition of the fluid in tubes. So these technologies for diagnosis have been around for a while. The problem here is just access that and can people access a place where they can get effective infertility, diagnosis, and treatment, and that is a global issue. So its estimated that only about half the infertile couples in the world. And this includes infertile couples in western nations, only about half of them ever get to a place where they could be diagnosed for their infertility problems. And then beyond that, the ones who get to the actual treatment, its even a smaller percentage of infertile couples. And so how does the problem, the problem is the cost doing infertility diagnosis and treatment is costly. Its not covered in most parts of the world. I mean infertility and its treatment is really something that we find in the private medical sector. And so there are huge issues of accessing affective diagnosis and treatment, especially i vs and all of the variance survive. Yes. Including except for male infertility, its very costly just to give you an example. The us is the most costly place in the world to do one cycle of in vitro fertilization. It costs at least 12000. 00 to get one cycle of ivy up in the us and often people to be successful have to do several cycles of idea in order to to have a baby. And so the us is just sort of too expensive for Many American couples. Its, you know, 3 times its about the average around the world is, is much less. So it costs about 3. 00 to 4000. 00 to do an ip sec a cycle sort of globally. But still for many infertile couples, thats a huge amount of money. They cant afford it. And so the heres to globally is just inability to access a safe, effective, legal, and affordable infertility diagnosis and treatment services. And i care a lot about that. Theres been a movement with which was called the low cost ive yes, movement, effort to try to bake idea. Just more affordable for people. That movement has been going on for a while, but i cant say that its really solve the issue of accessibility and theres a long, long way to go. So what about this effect of age on childbearing . Could one of the Main Solutions simply be emphasizing having families a younger age as humanity has done throughout history. Im so glad that you brought up this issue because its one that in my recent research, i need about a great deal. Yeah. First of all, around the world of global marriage rates are declining dramatically. So people are getting married less than they used to. And the age of child bearing has increased dramatically. So women are having children at later and later ages, you know, in, in western countries as close to the age of 30 for 1st, for, for women. But what i discovered to a large study i did in the United States of women who had frozen their eggs is that, you know, women in, in this country and in many other countries around the world are facing difficulty in sort of creating a family because they cant find a partner there, theyre sort of doing their education. Theyre starting their careers. They get to the age of 30 or beyond. They havent found a partner which is an issue id like to talk about. But they also are not aware that fertility begins to decline slightly around the age of 32. 00. But that theres a dramatic decline of womens facility around the age of 37. 00, which has been called the for till of the class. And i learned in my own country that most women really, i had no idea about when age starts to affect their facility. There really hasnt been any education about it in school. Often they havent talked to their gynecologists, the kind of call just of never raised the issue about, you know, age and fertility, and so age is important to womens facility. And by the time a woman reaches the age of 40, but chances of conception are very, very low. But if women dont understand that they dont really understand what we would call age related facility decline, they might be waiting and waiting, often waiting for a partner to emerge. And in the fact sort of losing their facility, their chances for, for having a child because of age. And i think in the west, if you look at ivy clinic populations in western countries, a lot of the reason people are there is because of age related infertility. Women who are in their late thirties in early fortys, who got their, you know, they may be found their partner in their late thirties, but really didnt realize that the impact of age on their, on their fertility. And sadly, you know, in the United States and in many schools, theres sort of early sex education, but its all about how to prevent facility, prevent childbearing. The discussion of, if you wanted to have a child, you know, what is the fertile period . You know, how long are you fertile . Thats really not part of education in america, at least. And so we need to do some education around age and fertility. And i think another deleterious thing thats happened is that the media, theres so much Media Coverage of celebrities, celebrity women who seem to be having children at age, 48, age 50 and beyond. But without really revealing that theyve probably used donor eggs in or not their own eggs because its very difficult to conceive at those late ages using ones own eggs. And so, you know, the sort of so lubbers the older mother, celebrity culture really hasnt helps you know, in terms of making women realize that theres an end point to for utility for women. So yeah, its a really important issue. Im glad you brought it up. Thank you, professor marcia in horn. Now after the break, were going to continue our discussion and look at the options now available to address the growing infertility crisis. The a doctor car. Doctor doctor, really bad driving with this. But i also see that democracy is another one, or look at the system of both issues. Mixture you called to try to allow me to do all the welcome back. Were going to continue our discussion about global infertility with marsh and werent now. Shes a professor of Anthropology International affairs at Yale University and author of the book, motherhood on ice. Thank you for joining us again, marcia. I want to continue with something you said in a previous segment. What about surrogacy . What impact do you feel like that is having on infertility . And is it being more used for superficial reasons or for science . Yeah, you know, the, to some solutions that have come about for women who really are having, you know, profound difficulty in conceiving one solution is egg donation, dinner eggs. You, if youre, if your own eggs are too old, or theres a problem with, you know, conceiving using your own eggs. There is now a Huge Industry globally, really of, of donor egg. Okay . And so thats sort of one issue that has definitely, you know, come to the, for that, you know, many women are, are using donor eggs. And sometimes as we say, celebrities are not talking about that. But then theres surrogacy or, you know, basically employing the room if you will, of another woman in order to bear the child. It is often today is not using that persons eggs. Its, you know, conceiving an embryo with ones own eggs and for of ones partner that having the tiger see, you know, just dated in the womb of a surrogate. And you know, surrogacy is important for some women who have absolute medical conditions whereby they cannot carry a pregnancy. And thats really how it started. And i guess thats what it was intended for, right . For, for women who, for one reason or another, they would not be able to carry a pregnancy the term. And so it has an important role. Busy so i think in those kinds of cases, but is there a good c, a certainly expanded in terms of whos using it. And i would say a huge use now is among gay male couples who want to have a bio genetically related child using their own firm and then using donor egg and having the child just stated in the circuit. So Surrogacy Services are definitely grown in the eligibility to commit community for game man. Um and you know, youre talking about the sort of celebrity use of, of surrogates. Yeah. I mean people who have a lot of money. Its extremely expensive to carry out the surrogacy. I mean, in, i think the state of connecticut, youre going to pay more than a 100000. 00 to him, you know, employ a surrogate and have everything carried out. Its expensive and its not available in a, in a lot of places. So it isnt the 1st choice, i mean, it is like you said, a sort of a, a last option for, for people who are facing infertility problems. I have not studied surrogacy in the middle east where ive done most of my research. Surrogacy is not allowed and its not available, but its certainly in western countries. Theres a growing market and, and actually in other parts of the globe, theres a sort of global Trans National movement of people to other countries to employs circuits. Usually because its much less expensive to do so. So yes sir, you can see is an interesting reproductive choice, a solution for some who cannot carry just state and carry a pregnancy to term in your research . Have you found of Climate Change has had any effect on infertility . Yeah, Climate Change. I mean, as i mentioned, theres been a huge debate about whether globally sperm counts are decreasing. Um and so, you know, there is some evidence that really Environmental Issues do have an impact on male fertility, especially when there are toxins in an environment. This is, we know that this isnt good for male fertility. I mean he, we know that he eats, especially when men are in, you know, theres a lot of discussion about the kind of underwear man where, or you know, hot tubs. You know, he probably isnt good for male fertility. And so given that theres been a lot of discussion and actually, you know, increasing global temperatures. Ultimately, it might have some impact on male fertility overtime. Um, you know, in the united United States right now were in the middle of this heat bomb, i mean, record high temperatures. And so in the future there may be some impact. I mean, im not a climate or an environmental expert, but it is something to think about and something to be concerned about. Our countrys governments taking infertility seriously. Or should they be doing more about the crisis, you know, are the countries you consider to be handling the issue of infertility correctly . Yeah, i mean, governments can really help their citizens who are in for it all. And how can they do that . There need to be assisted Reproductive TechnologyServices Available because frankly, a lot of infertility can only be overcome through the use of what we call our cheese, including i, the ecc for male infertility, inter either and insemination. You know, these are called assisted reproductive technologies and theyre expensive and thats why a lot of people cannot access them. But there are governments, especially in western europe to consider infertility, to be a very legitimate medical problem. Something that the government should help people with. And so as part of their Health Care Systems, especially societies that have what we call universal Health Care Systems there, including, you know, infertility diagnosis and treatment as part of the sort of Health Care Package available to couples. And so that would be, for example, in the United Kingdom or in australia or in denmark, many western europe. European countries have included some kind of infertility coverage as part of their sort of national Health Care Systems. But sadly, that is not true in most other places around the world. In most other places, infertility diagnosis and treatment is not covered by the nation. Um, it does not subsidize to health care insurance, and so people are have to pay for it on their own. And its extraordinary expensive, as we discussed. And so many countries could be doing a lot more to help in strudel citizens in their meds. I will say there are some remarkable examples of countries, for example, in the middle east that have decided to make infertility is Services Available. I think the next exceptional story is turkey. Um, key decided that it should subsidize 2 cycles of ideas for every turkish citizen who needed it. And what it did is it just brought in strudel couples, especially from rural areas. You know, through into the ivy f world in turkey. The number of clinics increased uh, sort of accidentally and there was a huge uptake of ideas in that country. A huge improvement in access to treatment services. So even countries that are known as sort of wealthy western countries could be doing a lot more to, to help their citizens overcome their infertility problems. So yeah, i do believe that, you know, the world could be doing a lot more, including the sort of international Reproductive Health world. Infertility hasnt been taken up as something thats important and Reproductive Health. The w h o has always sort of been interested in and cared about infertility. But a lot of the major, you know, Reproductive Health and Global Health organizations havent really put any effort into the global infertility problem. And again, just to reiterate about 10 percent of couples in any population are going to be infertile. And theres some parts of the world where that percentage is much higher, where 30 percent of couples in a society are going to be facing and fertility problems. Its not an insignificant problem, and so there should be a lot more attention given to it, and unfortunately, there is not. So yes we, we could be doing a lot more for infertile couples around the world to help them overcome their, their problem. Thank you so much for joining us, professor marsha and horn or no science might never be able to cure every reason which causes infertility. But as we make progress to develop various solutions, it seems like society continues to develop factors which hurt changes for reproduction. Whether it be environmental or cultural, what we do is progress might just be the path to mankind to own reduction sky. Now heres an, this has been your 360 view of the news, affecting new se. So watch the, the, the white house slums to us house, coal, so an impeachment inquiry to president binding us of alleged corruption involving his familys business. Even both of his offices, you and boy accuses washington of watching the desire to end the boy ukraine. Because american businesses, im making a killing through lucrative alms deals tons and you moved to look for relationship is being born m o. That is not based on the western templates. A system that voice can reach the leads they chosen, the land, thats all humanities