Transcripts For MSNBCW Andrea Mitchell Reports 20210405

It can cause high Carbon Dioxide levels because it depresses the ventilation or the breathing so when someone ingests fentanyl it can cause them to feel sleepy because of an increased Carbon Dioxide level, agreed . Correct. And thats one of the reasons why fentanyl is so dangerous because it suppresses the respiratory system, agreed . The primary reason it is so dangerous. Yeah. Now you testified that when the paramedics gave their report to you they did not give you any reference as to potential drug use, correct . Correct. They did not tell you that they had the anneda immediate ministered narcan, narcan reverses the effects of nent fill toxicity agreed . That causes that person to have a sensation of shortness of breath, agreed . Yes. And that can happen to a person even without stress complicating their body, right . That respiratory, that feeling of an inability to breathe . Yes. Are you familiar with the impact of taking certain narcotics intrarectally . Rectally . Yes. That ultimately can provide a more powerful or rapid onset of an impact, right . Yes. Simply because a person has a chronic history of opiate abuse does that mean fentanyl cant kill them . No. When someone is hyperventilating, anxious and hyperventilating they are actually decreasing their co2 by doing that, correct . Correct. Some of what you would potentially take can cause artery. Yes. Someone that would have a 75 o collusion of a coronary artery that poses a particular risk of fatal ventricular cardiac arrhythmia, correct . Objection, your honor. May we approach . Good day. Im Andrea Mitchell in washington as the prosecution continues to present witnesses in the Derek Chauvin trial. Todays focus so far, the doctor who was on duty when george floyd was brought to the e. R. , dr. Bradford langenveld tried to resuscitate george floyd after paramedics administered cpr after cardiac arrest, after his heart stopped functioning. They tried to use shock to restart his heart and it did not appear that mr. Floyd suffered from a heart attack. He is being cross examined by a defense attorney. Shaq brewster in minneapolis and former Deputy Assistant attorney general, Harry Littman and civil rights attorney derek henderson. Shaq, this may be a brief side bar, and lets get into the importance of dr. Langenfields testimony so far. We heard right before the morning break, andrea, the doctor said that he suspected the cause of death after working on george floyd for nearly 30 minutes and he suspected the cause of death to be asphyxia. Thats a term that you dont see in the medical examiners report and this is the physician in the hospital trying to resuscitate george floyd. That was a key piece of testimony from the doctor. Based on the notes we are getting from inside the courtroom, two reporters watching this, that was the moment when you saw the jury, almost every member of the jury start taking notes when the doctor made that assessment and testified to that effect. We also heard in this crossexamination eric nelson make the it looks like court is back in session so ill stop now. The judge is now looking at the clock and about to refer back to the witness the witness is dr. Langenfeld and the defense attorney crossing is eric nelson. Depends where youre practicing. In the state of minnesota . Yes. A paramedic cant declare a person dead. No. Not without consultation with a physician. So just based on your treatment, again, of mr. Floyd. Mr. Floyd, based on the tests that you did had an elevated co2 level, correct . Yes. That co2 level was considered to be exceptionally high, correct . Correct. And you did not, in the course of your consideration provide naloxone or narcan . No. And it would be is it fair to say that the administration of narcan, if you do not have opiates in your system is a safe procedure . Yes. And if you do have opiates in your system the administration of narcan could be life changing . Life saving. Yes. Not in this case. Prior to the again, the paramedic, also based on your information did not administer narcan. Correct. Can i make a clarification . There [ inaudible ] and you would agree that mr. Floyd arrived at hcmc at approximately 8 53 as we have seen evidence previously . That sounds correct. I have no further questions. Mr. Blackwell . Thank you, your honor. For starters, dr. Lagenfeld, was there an answer you wanted to clarify. Please do so. Only to state that narcan, administering narcan to someone who potentially suffered a fentanyl overdose, once that individual is in cardiac arrest the administration of narcan would provide no benefit. At this point he was obviously in cardiac arrest. Correct. You were asked questions just now about whether fentanyl works by causing someone to feel very sleepy. Do you remember that discussion . Yes. Did the paramedics tell you that mr. Floyd was ever asleep or sleepy or anything that sounds like sleep . The report that i received that was that the patient, mr. Floyd, was unresponsive on their arrival and did not have a pulse, and so there was no report that he had been sleepy or difficult to arouse, per se. You were asked quite a number of questions about the Carbon Dioxide content in the blood gasses. First off, if a person is suffering from hypoxia which is oxygen deficiency is that an explanation for a heightened blood content in the blood . It can be in severe cases. Do you find that the Carbon Dioxide reading in mr. Floyd is really all that significant . I felt that it was weak evidence in support of what i was thinking at the time. Whats difficult in cases of cardiac arrest is when someone has been in cardiac arrest for an extended period of time essentially the blood gas that i obtained could be consistent with cardiac arrest from any number of causes. You expect the ph to be low during ill provide a little bit of explanation on that. During cardiac arrest theres no blood flow to the tissues. Therefore, theres no oxygen getting to the tissues and therefore the cells will die and release Hydrogen Ions which lower the ph creating an acidic environment that release lactate which complicates that further because the persons heart has stopped from whatever cause, theyll no longer be breathing either and so you would expect that their their co2 to be high, and it can vary a bit depending on the cause, but in my estimation the blood gas in this case wasnt very strong evidence for one cause over another as far as the ideology of the rest. And it was simply consistent with the fact of cardiac arrest. Correct. The fact that the heart has stopped. Correct. I felt that the high co2 may have suggested a respiratory cause. You were asked questions about somebody administering narcotics intrarectally. Do you remember those questions . Yes. Did you get a sense that mr. Floyd had narcotics interrectally . I have no information to suggest that. Dr. Lagenfeld, nothing further. Thank you, doctor. You may step down. You may step down. Your honor, the state calls chief aderia arredondo. Ia arredo and this, of course, is the police chief arredondo. This is very unusual to be a prosecution witness. He has been outspoken in interviews with us before, and he did not even want to be in a room with Derek Chauvin. Lets listen to him being sworn in. I do, sir. Before you begin if you can give us your full name speeching each of your names. Yes, sir. Medaria arradondo. First is medaria. Last name is arradondo. Thank you, your honor. Sir, what is your current role . My current role is chief of the Minneapolis Police department. How long have you held that position . For approximately three years. And as chief of the Minneapolis Police department are you responsible for overseeing the operations of the entire Minneapolis Police department . Yes, i am. And thats the highest ranking role of the Minneapolis Police department, is that correct . That is correct. Now, sir, id like you to first share a little bit about yourself with us. How old are you . 54 years old. In what city do you live . Twin cities. Where are you from originally . Minneapolis. Where did you go to high school . Minneapolis roosevelt high school. All right. Have you ever lived outside of the twin cities minneapolis area . I went away for college for a couple of years in michigan, yes. Where in michigan did you go . It was hancock, michigan. Which school . Its now called filandia for the. Im sorry, your honor. Finlandia university. And what is the highest level of education you obtained . I received my masters degree. What degree did you receive in hancock in michigan . That degree was a criminal justice degree. After you completed your College Studies you returned to the twin cities area . That is correct. And is that when you first joined the Minneapolis Police department . Prior to that i had worked as a Community Service officer at the minneapolis st. Paul airport Police Department. And what years did you do that . I believe that was from 1987 to 1989. And then in 1989 did you join the Minneapolis Police department . I did. In what capacity . I started my career as a Minneapolis Police cadet and then i was hired as a Minneapolis Police officer that year. And chief, why did you decide to become a Police Officer . Um, ive been very fortunate to come from a city of very resilient, very welcoming, very proud proud people here in the city of minneapolis, and my dear parents taught all of my siblings and me about the service of love and so ive been very fortunate to eventually join the Minneapolis Police department and give back to the community and the city that has been so good to me. Are you familiar with the motto of the Minneapolis Police department . Yes, i am. What is it . That is to protection with courage and serve with compassion. What does that motto mean . We are oftentimes the first face of government that our communities will see, and we will oftentimes meet them at their worst moments and so the badge that i wear and that members of the Minneapolis Police department where it means a lot because the first time that we interact with our Community Members may be the only time that they have an interaction and so that has to count for something and so so its very important for us to make sure that were meeting our community in that space, treating them with dignity, being their guardians and representing in all of it the men and women that came before us who serve so proudly on this department. Sometimes you have to protect with courage and you have to use force, is that correct . At times, yes. As a Police Officer, you will have to use force. And that sometimes serving with compassion is understanding that force is not required. Rephrase. What does it mean to then serve with compassion . To serve with compassion to me means to understand and authentically accept that we see our neighbor as ourselves. We value one another. We see our community as necessary for our existence and so thats what serving with compassion means to me. Can you tell us a little bit about your educational background . Id like you to share with all of us a little bit more about your specific Law Enforcement training. You mentioned the academy. Is that where you received your Law Enforcementspecific training . Yes, it is. Please describe how that training occurred. I was a member of the first Minneapolis Police Cadet Program, along with many other candidate, we received training both academic training on the laws of the state of minnesota. We received training as it relates to everything from driving and defensive tactics and Community Relations and so we also there is post requirements to receive our license. There was a taste that we had to take then. There was also scenariobased training, as well to grade and assess how we performed during that training in the academy and so that was a part of that important training that i received. Along with my candidates at the academy . That was the very first Minneapolis Police academy . That is correct. And a trainee at the academy, is that trainee referred to as a cadet . That is correct. In your employment you have been continuously employed in the Minneapolis Police Department Since that was 1989 . That is correct, sir. Has the academy changed since you first were a cadet back in 1989 . It has, and while i certainly believe that at the time in 1989 that training was important, like any Police Department we should not be monolithic and our training should evolve. We should be focused on what our National Best practice is and so the training that our recruits and cadets get today and rightfully so is far better than the training than i received those years ago. Well circle back to that a little bit later. You also mentioned that you take postcredits, is that right . Yes. That is correct. Post stands for peace officers standard of training . That is correct. What is the requirement for p. O. S. T. Training . How many courses are you required to take in a given period . Every sworn peace officer in the state of minnesota receives their license through the p. O. S. T. Or peace officers standards and training board. So p. O. S. T. Will change up what some of those requirements are from time to time, but some of the ones that i think of right now would be crisis intervention training. There are certainly defensive Tactics Training and theres now a form of procedural Justice Training that is required and so Minneapolis Police officers receive that mandated training, but were also very fortunate that were able to receive additional training above and beyond what is required of the p. O. S. T. Board. You personally participate in this training in order to maintain your p. O. S. T. License . That is correct. Chief, you began your career in 1989. You are now the chief of the Police Department. Fair to say youve had many roles within that department, is that correct . That is correct. At this time i would like to publish exhibit 209, if i may. And well leave that up, if you may, while you testify. What was the first position you held within the department after you completed your Academy Training . I was sworn in as a Minneapolis Police officer. Weve heard that term sworn officer before, can you explain to the jury means . A sworn officer, after you complete the required educational requirements and certainly when you complete your Performance Measures at the academy then you are eventually sworn in at a location and traditionally our city clerk has been there and you take an oath and you are sworn in as an official member of the Minneapolis Police department and also as a city of minneapolis employee and you start your employment with the city then. And what were your duties as a sworn Police Officer that ran for the city of minneapolis. Primary duties would be to be a 911 responder and to work in the geographical area in the district, in the precinct and respond to 911 calls on a given shift. Those are also calls for service . That is correct. And as a Patrol Officer tattoo on how long did you remain a Patrol Officer . Approximately five years or so. Can you tell the jury what geographic district you served as a Police Officer . Yes, sir. I served for a short time in the third precinct and then i think the bulk of that time in the minneapolis fourth precinct which is located in north minneapolis. During that time period, that five years as a Patrol Officer did you ever have occasion to arrest a suspect . Yes, i did. How about a noncompliant suspect . Yes. Youve had to place handcuffs on someone who is not compliant . That is correct. Yes. Approximately, would you care to guess how many times . Im sure several. Im sure several. This is something thats fairly regularly a fairly regular occurrence as a Police Officer, as a Patrol Officer, is that right . That is correct. Youve had to be in situations where youve had to use force, is that right . That is correct. Have you also been in situations where youve had to deescalate or talk someone into compliance . Yes. And is that a regular part of your job as a Patrol Officer . Yes, it is. Even from 1989 to approximately or, im sorry. 1994 . Yes. After serving in this period of time as a Patrol Officer who was your next position at mpd . I believe in 1997 i was then promoted to the rank of sergeant in the Minneapolis Police department. And what do you have to do to be promoted to the rank of sergeant . What are the requirements . It is a Civil Service test that you take and you have to successfully pass that and receive a grade from that and im trying to recall if there was an Assessment Center that was a part of that testing process, but there is a number of years that you have to at least have served as a Police Officer before you can take the sergeants test and promotion. And what is the role of a sergeant in the Minneapolis Police department. The sergeants role and ive often said its the most influential role in the Police Department. How so . Its most influential because you have the most proximity to the men and women out there serving in the community. You are there at the roll calls, you are the mentor, you give them guidance and they would see you far often than they would see the chief of police, for example, and you set the tone and the attitude. And so thats really a very significant role within the Minneapolis Police department. Thats a firstline supervisory position, correct . Yes, it is. And sergeants, with people of that rank at mpd would serve in a variety of jobs or functions, is that correct . How would you serve as a sergeant when you were first promoted . I served as an investigator with the property crimes unit at that time . How many people approximately did you supervise . At that time i did not supervise. I worked as a detective alongside other detectives. How long did you hold that position . Approximately two years. And after that . Then i served as a sergeant in our Minneapolis Police department in internal affairs unit. Describe what a sergeant in internal affairs does. A sergeant in internal affairs is responsible for investigating cases of misconduct involving Minneapolis Police Department Employees and fact finding, preparing reports and ultimately submitting those to their supervisor. Can those investigations include inappropriate uses of force or Excessive Force . Yes, they can. Have you ever evaluated an Excessive Force case in internal affairs context . I believe i have, yes. How long did you serve as a sergeant in internal affairs . I served in that position about two years, as well. And then what did you do . Then i was promoted to the rank of lieutenant. Now, what was required for you to promote to lieutenant . That also required taking a Civil Service exam and i believe at that time going through an Assessment Center which comprised of scenarios with different types of Performance Measures for that position . Is it true that a lieutenant is a higher level of management above the first line sergeants . Lieutenants are considered managers within the organization. And what were your duties as lieutenant . I served at for a time as overseeing at that time the federal mediation agreement and the Minneapolis Police department entered with the Unity Community Mediation Team and i also served time as a 4th precinct lieutenant on the night shift. Okay. And what is lieutenant in the fourth precinct night shift do . You have a team of sergeants and a team of officers on a shift that particular shift worked the night hours in north minneapolis and really, theres a lieutenant there to support the mission of the precinct inspector who was kind of like the chief of that and also to support it as well. How long did you hold that position . Probably about two years, as well. Seeing a pattern here. What happened after that . After that i was appointed to the rank of commander. And what does the commander do . The commander now unlike the previous Civil Service positions, a commander now is appointed specifically by the chief of police and is a higher position and the commander is usually in charge of a division and so at that time i was appointed to commander of the internal affairs division. So you are now back to internal affair, but more or less overseeing the entire position. How long did you hold that position . Two years. And after that . Then i was appointed as the first precinct inspector and so that was a position in charge of the downtown precinct or first precinct, and that was a patrol function so that was mainly patrolrelated functions even though we had great civilian teams even though we worked with Crime Prevention and i was appointed to first precinct inspector. What does the inspector do at that level . The inspector at that level is really driving the work of the precinct, monitoring and working on trying to reduce crime in that precinct, working with its stake holders, its neighborhood associations, its Business Community and making sure that whether its investigative or patrol in the precinct that they have resources and things that they need, interfacing with the City Council Members of that particular ward, and so that is really a lot of the work that a precinct inspector does. And does the precinct inspector then supervise, you know, maybe not at the ground level, but is responsible for the supervision of all of the different positions underneath the inspector . That is correct. And how long were you in that position . About two years. Okay. Then after that . Then i was appointed to be deputy chief, the chief of staff. And what does the deputy chief do . A deputy chief at that time was a unique role in that i was really chief of staff for the chief of police. A lot of a lot of work helping to support our department initiatives and reaching out to elected officials and Community Stakeholders and boosting up programs, grants that the department had received and really carrying out the mission of the chief of police. And from there . After about two years i was appointed to assistant chief of the Minneapolis Police department. And by whom were you appointed . Then it was former chief hytel. What did you see as assistant chief . Assisting the Minneapolis Police department and also supporting the chief. For approximately how long . That may have been a little shorter, about a year or so, i think. Youve broken the pattern . Yes. Yes. And now, of course, you are the chief of police. How were you selected or who selected you to be chief of police . I served in an interim capacity then under mayor betsy hodges and then and then after that term ended than mayor fry of the city of minneapolis appointed me as chief of police. You may take that exhibit down. So youve had certainly, it seems that every rank available within the Minneapolis Police department in a variety of roles, is that right . That is correct. Are you familiar generally with the day to day operations, i guess from the patrol level all of the way up to the level you are now . That is correct. What id like you to do at this time is provide us with a little bit more information, sort of an overview of the Minneapolis Police department and how it serves the city of minneapolis. Mpds jurisdiction is within the geographic limits of minneapolis. Is that right . Yes. Whats the approximate Geographic Area . To the north is brooklyn park, to the south, richfield. To our east, just right up against the river st. Paul and to the west Golden Valley and so its a pretty large area. Would you agree thats about 58 square miles, give or take . Yes. And are you aware of the Current Population of minneapolis . Roughly about 420 30,000. How many sworn officers work for the Minneapolis Police department . Currently around 700. And as the chief, are you generally familiar with the officers who work for you . Thats a lot of people . Its a lot of people, and so it it can be taxing to try to weve got a lot of people that work in different areas, but i have a pretty good understanding of where folks are throughout the organization. Yes. As we go on ill be asking you if you recognize some of the names of different people we may have met to this point, but at this time, up until may 26, 2020, an individual named Derek Chauvin was a Minneapolis Police officer, is that right . That is correct. Are you aware of who this person is . I am. Do you recognize this person in the courtroom today . I do. Would you please point to him and describe what hes wearing . Yes. Mr. Chauvin is right there. He appears to be wearing a Navy Blue Suit with a light blue tie and white shirt. Thank you, your honor, may the record reflect that the witness has identified the defendant. [ inaudible ] so id like you to, please, describe for the jury how mpd is structured to deploy Law Enforcement services to about 420,000 people over a 58squaremile area 24 hours a day every day. Administratively, how is the department organized . Administratively, we are broken down into bureaus, and so as you may have mentioned we have the chief of police that leads the organization and its mission and vision and goals and then we have an assistant chief that overseas the daily operations. After that, there are three deputy chiefs and we have a deputy chief of patrol, and the deputy chief of patrol is responsible for the five geographical precincts throughout the city of minneapolis. We also have a deputy chief of professional standards, and that deputy chief overseas really two main function and that is our training for our entire department as well as the internal affairs portion of our department, and then we have a deputy chief, the third one of investigations. So all of the employees who work whether its homicide unit, robbery, assault, that deputy chief overseas the Investigations Bureau, and we also have commanders who oversee these divisions. As i mentioned, theyre above the Civil Service rank theyre appointed and they serve in different divisions and in the precincts, as i mentioned there are five geographical areas and we have five precinct inspectors and in the areas like the chief of police for those precincts. So by my count there were three bureau, we have investigations, patrol and professional standards, is that right. That is correct. The Investigations Bureau has a number of individual units within the bureau, correct . That is correct. For example, what type of units are within investigations . An Investigations Bureau has homicide, assault, robbery, crimes against children. There are several different investigative units. So within the Investigative Bureau you mentioned homicide and that is where lieutenant zimmerman would work, is that correct . That is correct. And the Patrol Bureau, that provides services such as 911 response like you did when you were a Patrol Officer, is that right. Thats correct. Crime prevention, traffic control, Emergency Services all within the Patrol Bureau . Yes. And with individuals im sorry. Within the Patrol Bureau in order to provide those Patrol Services over the Geographic Area weve heard about precinct, is that right . Yes. And if we could publish exhibit 269. In looking at exhibits 269, this is the Geographic Area of your jurisdiction . Yes, it is. Can you just use 269 to describe the precincts and what they are and what purpose they serve . Yes. This exhibit outlines the five geographical precincts and this also lets our Community Know which precinct based on where they happen to live, which precinct their residence or business is a part of and so youre able to see from this map here, sector 1 or precinct 1 that covers downtown, you see the riverside area and the sector excuse me, the number 4 at the top lefthand corner would be the north minneapolis precinct and then the second prosifrnth covers the lake area and the fifth precinct covers the southeast minneapolis area. Focusing specifically on the third precinct, i see its divided further into these sector, is that right . That is correct. And that is for the purposes of being able to deploy Patrol Services, correct . Yes. This is primarily a tool for dispersing Patrol Officers, correct . Yes. But there are also investigative functions within the precincts, as well, correct . Yes. That would be specifically assigned to that precinct . Yes. But professional standards that would cover all of the precincts, is that right . Yes. Okay. If we could publish 268, id like to focus specifically on a third precinct. Its a little hard to see, but you can see the thats much better, thank you. You can see the different colors. It appears the sectors that we looked at in the previous exhibit are listed here. And if you take a look at sector one, that would be represented as 310, and sector 2 would be exhibit 320 . Yes. All right. And we wont go through each of the sectors, but the purpose of these sectors, again, is to further distinguish different Geographic Areas within the third precinct or any precinct so wed be able to have dispatchers deploy Law Enforcement resources there, is that right . That is correct. Dispatchers like jena scurry, for example, could send a car to a particular location based on the different sectors that are within this precinct map, is that correct . That is correct. Yes. And a professional Standards Bureau you can take that down, please. The professional Standards Bureau, what does a professional Standards Bureau do . One of the functions is training. We have a commander, again, that is one of the appointed ranks who overseas the Training Division and theyre responsible for making sure that not only our officers are in compliance with our mandated post board educational requirements every year, but also really looking to make sure that we continue to evolve and that were staying on top of necessary training thats important for us that has a benefit to our communities that we serve and so thats thats a core piece to what our professional core Standards Division does. So within the professional standards you have the Training Services and thats staffed at thats led at the commander level. That is correct. Who is the current commander of the Training Division . The current commander for the Minneapolis Division is derek horn. Last year who was your commander . Last year, she is now inspector Katie Blackwell. She was commander Katie Blackwell last year when she led our training. And she would have been the Training Command or may 25, 2020, is that right . That is correct. Okay. There is other divisions within professional standards, i think you mentioned internal affair, but there is also an Administrative Services division, right . Yes. What does the Administrative Services division do . The Administrative Services division can deal with everything from from grants, different types of programs that the city of minneapolis is embarking upon, employee personnel matters, as well. Also Business Software and equipment . Technology, Business Software, yes. Body cameras, milestone cameras . Yes. And we met jeff rugel and thats where he works, right . Yes. Lieutenant rugel. Yes. Id like to talk to you about the Minneapolis Police department in reacting to calls for service. The role of the Minneapolis Police department is generally to serve the communitys Law Enforcement needs, is that right . Thats correct. And most requests for service come in through the 911 system, is that right . Yes. You respond or officers respond to different calls for service. Could you please describe the types of calls for service the Minneapolis Police department commonly responds to . Calls for service can absolutely range from everything from tenant trouble to a loud party dispute, to domestic assault, to shooting and to even homicide. So it can really range from a wide variety of types of calls. People will call to report a crime and request assistance, is that right . Yes. People also call to report general emergencies. Yes, they can. What type of emergencies . Medical emergencies. They can request calls for service for that. Often times we have community because it may be 3 00 in the morning and they dont know if any other service or who will respond, but they will call us for those types of situation, as well. And i suppose what constitutes an emergency is in the eye of caller, somewhat . Yes. Nonetheless, mpd responds . Yes. Do you know approximately how many calls for service the Minneapolis Police department receives annually . Easily a couple of hundred thousand and then we also have officers that we categorize as selfinitiated activity. So that could mean an officer happens to be driving through a neighborhood and sees something and reports out on their radio if theyre going to look into it, so its a combination, but its a lot of calls. And generally, people dont call the Police Department to say, hey, everythings going great. Just wanted you to know they have something that they want you to do. Exactly. Yes. It sounds then its fair to say theres more to policing than surrounding people. You provide a Broad Service to the community. The actual Law Enforcement part is pretty small compared to most of the types of calls our officers are being called to address and deal with. Yeah. So weve touched on Police Training, your own personal Police Training and how Police Training is dispensed, i guess, through the professional Standards Bureau. Id like you to describe that a little bit further. Are you generally familiar with the types of training that the Minneapolis Police department provides its officers . Yes, i am. Where does this training tak where does this training take place . We have a large facility located in north minneapolis, which we call our special Operations Center. And that is where the vast majority of our required training takes place. Is the special Operations Center in a dedicated building only for training purposes . Its primarily dedicated for training purposes, yes. I think you testified its supervised by a commander. Id like you to tell the jury a little bit about when now currently training begins for Minneapolis Police officers whos hired on to the department. For a new officer whos hired on to the department, that first initial orientation for training begins at the academy. That, again, is overseen by the commander of the training unit. And we actually have a class currently in place now at the academy, at the site. That first initial indoctrination of our academy occurs during the first initial part of the training at the academy. Is it fair to say these can be divided into two categories, presft training and post Service Training . Yes. And the preService Training would include the academy adjust talked about, is that right . Yes. And post training is the training you talked about previously . Yes. Lets again focus on the academy of training. How many cadets do you generally have at any given time per class . Its usually been a mixture of recruit classes and cadet class. I would say we average in terms of recruit class numbers around 30. Cadets might be 20 to 25. So now im going to ask you to just define terms a little and explain to the jury the difference between a recruit and a cadet. Recruits are typically individuals who already have been focused, laser focused on career being a Minneapolis Police officer is what i wanted to do. They typically have already. At least their twoyear criminal justice or Law Enforcement degree. Most have created their required skills training. Cadet was really created to capture diversity of candidates. And so the cadet might have individuals who may have had a psychology degree, but its really streamlining them, its a little lengthier process and its really getting them on board so they meet the state requirements, post requirements to be hired. So the Cadet Program is a wonderful way for us to capture diversity within our Police Department itself, but they both, once their programs are finished, both classes, whether youre recruit or cadet, youre ready to successfully become a Minneapolis Police officer. Do you also take lateral candidates . Yes, lateral candidates weve certainly had hirings of laterals in the years past. Do those individuals also go through a similar training as a recruit . Yes. The laterals can. Its usually much smaller in length of time just because laterals are individuals who already served as Police Officers perhaps in another jurisdiction or another part of the state. Around the state actually. Well get a more detailed description from another witness, but just at a very high level, can you describe what the trainees do at the academy during this preService Training . Trainees at the academy during preseason, its their first indoctrination into this world of being a Police Officer. Theyre being thought about cities and statutory laws. Theyre being trained on procedural justice and critical thinking. Defensive tactics. Theyre having Community Members come in and speak to them about different aspects whether it relates to things in our cultures within our city. Technology is a huge piece to that. Learning how to write reports on our computers so theyre really getting that basic indoctrination into the Minneapolis Police department. As far as the methodology, is it typically classroom delivery . Do you also have Practical Application . How does that work . Yeah, its a layered approach. Its booth the practical academic studying, examinations that occur, but its also scenario based. So theres scenarios they will go through and whether that is crisis intervention training or other aspects so its a layer approach to the training. In preService Training then, once the officer or candidate has completed the preService Training, whats the next phase before becoming a fully functioning Police Officer . Once we complete that training, theyre making sure obviously they met the requirement for the licensure for the minnesota post board and then ultimately they will get sworn in and hired as Minneapolis Police officers. Are you familiar with the Field Training program or fto . Yes, i am. Is that part of the preService Training . Yes, that would be, yes. Can you gift us a general description of what the fto training is. The field Office Minneapolis Training Program is once that recruit has gone through that series of preService Training, its now teaming them up with a mentor basically and they are being gaged and judged on certain Performance Measures and it takes course over a period of several months. Usually about five months. And theyre given instruction. They are seeing how well theyre able to handle certain types of situations, calls, and theyre less having feedback not only from their fto, but theyre also having conversations with the supervisors in the training bureau, see how theyre doing, theyre assessing their progression. In the event a candidate is not progressing, theyre is making sure there are support mechanisms, where do they need extra help . Yes, at times we have candidates that dont successfully complete it. But thats really getting them to the point where they can ultimately be really on their own and function as a swornin Minneapolis Police officer. Once they completed the Field Training program, and i think as per your testimony thus far, the training doesnt stop there. You have post requirements you have to fulfill every year in your post Service Training, is that right . That is correct. Is that delivered through a series of inService Trainings that occur at the same Training Facility you mentioned . Yes. Is that training optional . Can an officer go somewhere else to get their post credits or skip the inservice or is that training required annually. Do you have to take it . Yes, i do. What type of training is provided in the post Service Training . Some of the training thats provided in the annual training can be triple incident training, cit training . Cit is crisis intervention training . Yes, crisis intervention training, thank you. Tactics, basic cpr, first aid. Those are some of the types of training that is required annually. Even though they already ostensibly been trained on all of these things before, youre still doing the same training annually . That is correct. Why is that . A lot of that is just to reemphasize the importance of the training itself, muscle memory, because all of our Department Members are being taught the same thing. We may have officers who are working in patrol capacity one year and the next year they may be investigations, but they may be called to assist upon so its making sure all of us have that basic, necessary core fundamental training to better help serve our communities. If you could give the jury the kind of idea of the amount of time thats spent training your officers. Its its a lot. We put a lot of time, energy and resources into our training. The last year, the Minneapolis Police department in terms of our mandatory inService Training and leadership training, we probably spent about 8. 5 billion and our preservice and inService Training, about 4. 5 billion. So training is absolutely essential to us as a department. And officers are being trained as theyre training, is that correct . Yes, they are. And would it be fair to say that part of the objective is training to impart the Minneapolis Police departmental policies onto the officers that they know what those policies are and are able to apply them . Yes, its important through training were reemphasizing not only our policies but really our values as a Police Department and what our community expects of us. Its to help our officers and also to help our communities at the same time. As a former Patrol Officer who used force, put handcuffs on people, you understand the reality of what policing is like when youre actually done duty, is that right . That is