into germany and germany has exercised universal jurisdiction to try some of these government officials and there was a syrian general who was convicted for his role in portraying prisoners who are being held in a prison in syria during the time he was working for the assad regime. so countries into have a responsibility to prosecute war crimes and not to let war criminals walk free. >> professor hathaway, thank you for your time and your expertise. i'm sorry that it continues to be relevant, but it is and not just in ukraine. there are war crimes being committed all over the world and i'd love to continue this conversation with you about some of those other circumstances. ana hathaway is a professor of international law and an adviser on international law for the department of state. the u.n. refugee agency reports 3.3 million have fled