you have fire trucks showing up in time. you also talk about the police, as well. crime is up in this city. with police officers out they have problems with numbers and staffing why now police officers pulling longer shifts and harder for everybody remaining on the job. >> stephanie, thank you. dr. hotez, the unions question why a testing option is not enough. would that inds mine the point of a mandate? >> testing is important but it is second tier to vaccination. vaccination is the gold standard. these are highly effective vaccines to protect more than 90% against illness. it does wane over time after two doses but it takes six or seven months and then you can get a booster and restore the full level of protection so no question if you are in new york