Is that this vote will be very tight and very tense. So our question today on quadriga, should the u. K. Stay or go . I am joined by three seasoned observers and analysts, beginning with derek scally, who is from the irish times, and says brexit is merely a symptom for a long deepseated eu illness. Also with us is alan posener, a regular commentator for berlin who believes that brexit would be a catastrophe that would lead to the dissolution of the European Union. And welcome to ulrike herrmann, a Business Editor and writer at the tageszeitung, who says a brexit would not be as bad as it seems for the eu because the british would be forced to adopt all the key eu loss. Say a disaster might be just days away. Tell us about the disaster. Alan the disaster goes like this. Britain leaves. Aere is a disaster, in that man like Boris Johnson might become Prime Minister, which is disastrous for britain. Talk about europe. Camp in places like france, 61 of the population unfavorable of the eu, they demand a referendum. In denmark, they demand a referendum, where there is an antieuropean party with more votes than any other party. In poland, people demand a referendum, and the whole thing starts to fall apart, the whole project starts to fall apart. Permany is left with a few rum states hoping for handoffs from the german table, and that is cast as the European Union, which is really just a neocolonial project. This, i admit, is the worst possible outcome, but it is not totally unrealistic. Thats the terrible thing. Peter ulrike, do you buy into this . Ulrike i dont. Politically, europe might be divided, but economically we are bound together. It is a very small continent, with very tight economic affairs. It is impossible to somehow get independent economically, and that is something the british are going to realize. Look at countries like norway, or switzerland, or iceland. They do not belong to the eu, but nonetheless they are forced so implement european losaw to be able to trade with the European Union. The same would happen with britain. We would be no longer part of the eu, but to trade with the eu, to have economic contact with the eu, they would be forced to implement european laws, and the only difference is they would not be able to take Political Part in deciding on these laws. Alan it is a german fallacy, that since the days of karl marx, who was a very german person, that economics determines everything. Ulrike it does. Alan europe was a tightly knit economic unit before the first world war, and they threw it all away, they destroyed this, and we have not recovered since. Europe, europe is totally capable of selfdestructing once the demons of european nationalism are unleashed, and this is what is going to happen if the, if the brexit people win. Thats what im worried about. If germans sit back completely and say, they will have to take their method in, like the german medicine, likedrig their the german finance minister said, you dont understand how everywhere in europe except for germany itself, peoples blood begins to boil at that. This is what is destroying europe. Derek i would be with ulrike at this point if we did not have what alan described, this populism and nationalism, this talk sing mix across toxic mix across europe. The notion that the rules will continue to work, and it is a clockwork that will keep taking and britain will be a smaller wheel in the clockwork mechanism, on paper that is how it should be, but we have marine le pen, populism in austria, sweden, finland, denmark, right here in germany, and we are kind of in a postrealitybased part of europe, and it is emotions driving things. Almost like the donald trump feeling. If you start tinkering with the clockwork at a time like this, thats where you will never get this clock working again after the brexit vote. Ulrike where i agree is that, of course, therelots of nationalism and emotion thats now deciding the fate of britain. Agree the ukip guys are not pursuing a rational policy. How is europe supposed to be reacting to irrationality . Germans, you as always address me as a german, so what of the german supposed to do . Five years ago, you could differentiate between insane euroskeptics and rational eurocritics. This firm me has been a very frustrating part of the European Union in the last 10 years, that criticism was like a teflon coating in brussels, it just dripped off. There are european critics in britain who are very rational, intelligent people, and they have never been listened to. And suddenly in the last reel we have britain being listened to, this and this is a good idea. Ulrike tell me. What exactly would have had to change in europe in order to somehow improve the situation in britain . My perspective is completely different. Everything that britain wanted has been done by the eu. Thats the problem. There is not one single proposal, not even from cameron, eu should do to keep britain in the eu. My impression is, the whole debate in britain doesnt have anything to do with the reality of the eu. Its about britain, and the situation there. Peter before we continue about the british perception of the eu and the gripes the british have about the eu and brussels, lets hear a little from the brexit campaign, starting with Boris Johnson. Boris johnson why are we sending 10 billion pounds a year to brussels, some of which is spent on spanish bullfighting . Do you think the british taxpayers should be supporting spanish bullfighting . Absolutely not. The eu is certainly not a democracy. Laws are instigated by the European Commission. It is very frustrating, having to constantly deal with the barrage of mindless, petty rules, completely mad. Should have a huge warning sign on top of it that says contains nuts. Our message will be loud and clear. We do not want a European Union passport. We want a british passport. We want our passports back. We want our soldiers back. We want our country back. We want to make june 23rd independence day. Faragederek, nigel talking about independence day, saying we want our country back. Is that just rightwing populism, the kind of thing one could dismiss, or should we take it seriously . Have the british really lost their sovereignty and seated at ceded it to brussels . Derek they believe they have, but that is perception. What they are really saying is, we want our empire back, we want to feel like somebody again. Britain lost it long before joining the eu, and now we have even less importance in the world, having been in the eu. Alan the british believe quite sincerely, i was speaking to a lot of people, and they believe that their democracy is much more open and accessible and transparent and lively and authentic than brussels. They have a case, havent they . Derek what is brussels . British politicians are going to brussels to make decisions, or telling the European Commission we would like you to come up with a rule on vegetables, which they then mock in london, saying there are these crazy rules about vegetables, which london and other capitals demanded. So britain is projecting there is selfloathing at play here, and such irrationality that somehow we will be somebody again, that we can make britain great again, like donald trump says, make America Great again, by cutting off the nose to spite the face. And then they will listen to us, when we have no nose left. Press years, the murdoch has been attacking the bbc and attacking europe, and if you have been raised in this environment, everybody who is proeurope or proeu is on the back foot, and they have been for the last 30 years. You are constantly defending why this is a good thing, as opposed to in germany, where it is the other way around, and Rupert Murdoch is now going to have his day. This is what he has been investing in all these years, to try and get britain where he wants it, out of the European Union. If you are bombarded w with thee messages for 30 years, it seems completely normal, and that is the bubble in which britain is living. The environment in which they are deciding could not be less conducive. What will happen then across europe . Thats really the spark in the gasfilled room. Peter point taken. Lets shift focus just a little bit. Becausele sovereignty, too much has been given away, say the brexit camp. And too much immigration. Is there too much immigration . Derek no. Britain has profited immensely from immigration to europe. Take the poles, people from ireland, bankers from france, businessmen from germany, and so on. In fact, many people in britain would rather have more immigration, from other countries, china, russia, the caribbean, pakistan, so on. Nos is, this is, there is rational argument, i agree, for britain leaving the European Union. The point is, we are beyond the point of russian argument, and when british people look to europe, they see, for instance, knees, brought to its by the german finance minister. They see spain brought to its knees with austerity at the behest of berlin, with 40 on employment. They see a eurozone with zero growth when their own country has 2 growth. They are worried. Its not just nostalgia. Peter also positives. If 50 of the people vote for the brexit, they believe they can go it alone. Do you believe, understand what makes them so confident . Alan it is in part a feeling that, the transatlantic feeling, the anglosphere, encompassing australia, new zealand, united states, and so on, obviously this is more a dream than a reality, but i understand where they come from, because if you are a british position or actor or businessperson, like sir branson, who did virgin airlines, you do automatically find your way, or if you are a journalist like tina brown, you find your way to the united states, whereas germans find it difficult to do so. , he went tot britain and said, you will not have more influence if you leave europe. You will have less. Peter going to the back of the queue with negotiation privileges. Alan it is not just old empire. It is the old feeling of the English Speaking people, since churchill spoke about defending democracy together. Butink it is an illusion, it is no coincidence Boris Johnson is a biographer of winston churchill. Hes a character of the great man, but thats what he gets his ideas from. Peter you talked pragmatically about the british after they voted themselves out of the eu, turning back to the eu and reinventing themselves into the club, according to the norwegian or the swiss model. Do you think that really will work . A lot of people say, the eu city will not go with that anymore. Ulrike i dont think so, because once there is this brexit, of course the eu will try to keep written as close to the britain as close to the eu as possible, but the real problem will be that the brexit will not be a clearcut decision. Because even if there is a decision for brexit, it will be by a margin of, say, 2 . 2 is nothing, in political terms. After the vote for the brexit, you have two years of negotiations with the eu. During this time, there will be a lot of uncertainty, which i think will be causing economic trouble in britain. So probably during those two years of negotiation, a lot of brits will think, it might not have been such a good idea to vote for the brexit. So then when it finally comes time to leave, polls will show most brits would rather stay. Peter this is a very messy situation. [laughter] ulrike in the end, it might be that britain will stay, and the only victim will be David Cameron, who of course will be forced to resign if there was a majority for a brexit, however small. Letting the genie out of the bottle by causing the referendum. Ulrike Boris Johnson will be a problem. Eu,britain will be in the but it is a possibility. I think its very it would be crazy to think that a very small margin in favor of a brexit would automatically lead to britain leaving. That, i think, is not how politics work. Peter ulrike is talking about, if there is a brexit vote, what happens next . Nothing we could not deal with is what the brexiteers appear to be saying. The remain camp says they will be major worries, perhaps a disaster for europe, and the u. K. A storm is brewing over the isles. The brexit is now a fact. Britain is getting out. The European Union faces the biggest crisis in its history. The bloc has lost a Major Military power, and its thirdlargest net income contributor. But after the party, it is time to pay the piper. The economy in britain shrinks an estimated 6 . Experts say around 800,000 jobs are in jeopardy. It is ground zero for a political explosion. All over the continent, the hour has struck for euroskeptics, and they start to push for exits, too. Prime minister David Cameron falls on his sword and resigns, succeeded by leave front man Boris Johnson, the former mayor of london. And what does the rest of the union do . Draw together, or fall to pieces . Alan, you were shaking her head listening to the report. Tell me why. Agree that thei scenario seems to be very realistic, especially the part about what happens to europe. It falls apart. It does not draw together. This is what mr. Schaeuble is hoping, what the social democrats, what the lefties in germany are hoping, finally without these pesky brits we become the closer union we always wanted to have. But nobody in europe, and those people in germany, dont want that. This is not going to happen. Europe is going to fall apart politically, and the idea that, oh, with this Economic Union we cannot do that europe has destroyed itself time and again, and by the way, had to be rescued by Great Britain twice. Thats true. So you can do it again, without the brits. Peter donald tusk, president of the european council, said this week that our enemies will open the champagne if britain leaves. Which enemies was he referring to . Derek people who are in very good position to win elections in the next two years in europe. Brexit is only the first. You have the president ial election in france. We have got, we just had a president ial election in austria, and there will be parliamentary elections there. In germany, we have federal elections next year, with an unheard of doubledigit growth for a populist Rightwing Party playing a lot of this antieuropean rhetoric. Ay fors going to be paydf this antielitist, antieuropean movement around europe. Damp of nationalism coming up through the walls. Ulrike i think thats true. There is an antielite sentiment in all of europe, but thats not because it is the eu. Problem is, in most of these countries there has been a long period of neoliberal policies, which meant the rich get richer and the poor get poorer, and thats what people are revolting against, but it doesnt have anything to do with the eu. Britain has a very neoliberal policy when it comes to enriching the rich and making if your more poor, so wanted to somehow defeat the populist parties, to have to let rycial democratic policy tt to make people feel more secure economically. But thats not going to happen. Liberal we have a new government in these countries peter which the movements are taking advantage of. Ulrike so i feel your fears, but i dont think it has anything to do with europe. And thats the problem. Ofn first, the question who donald tusk is referring to, he is referring to russia. I have just been on a trip to the three baltic republics. Lithuania, and, these people are shaking in their boots for what fear of what russia will do with their own russian minorities, and what russia is doing. Mr. Putin has artie declared himself the already declared himself the protector of these russian minorities. This is what europe is facing. This is why the eu needs to keep together, and this is why we must combat these, this idea of nationalism. I will say one thing. It is not neoliberal policies, as proposed by Great Britain, that is driving european apart. It is the attempt to hold the euro together at the cost of the poor nations of europe, driven by a grand coalition in germany. Ulrike i agree that german euro isealing with the completely mental, but you cannot tell me that the brits, were not part of the euro, want to leave the eu because of german policy about the euro. I same nonsense. It is rather the people in britain, think that somehow their situation is due to those immigrants from east europe. Peter let me go to derek. We are running out of time, so i want to tell you give you a minute and i have to say, how much dismay will there be in ireland if there is a brexit vote . Derek we have a border with Ireland Northern ireland that is a completely open border, with open trade back and forth. If britain leaves it is now an outer eu border, so do we put up our wire again . Do we put up soldiers . . There will be a Customs Border again, which means costs and queues, and the prosperity that oiled the Peace Process will be called into question, so ireland could be one of the first casualties of this debate and vote, and it is not really being debated in britain at all. We will see how that goes. Alan absolutely. It is a disaster for ireland, a disaster for the Peace Process, a disaster for the baltic states, for poland. You name it, is terrible. [laughter] peter the question i asked at the top of the show, should be u. K. Stay or go. Give me your summarizing comments . Ulrike of course they should stay, and i think they will vote for not leaving. Derek i also believe selfinterest will prevail at the will remainu they will remain with the wounded pride that brussels is dictating their lives. Alan i hope they are afraid enough of Boris Johnson as a Prime Minister. He is a mediocre but ok novelist, but as a Prime Minister he would be a disaster. He is an actor, not a politician. I hope that the fear of Boris Johnson peter is it interesting that the name Boris Johnson gets named as the same sentence as donald trump . Alan donald trump is a horrible person. A nasty person. Forest johnson is a nice person. Hes just a bad politician. Peter one last word on this. Which way do you wanted to go . Which way do you think its going to go . The bookmakers are on one side, and the pollsters on the other side. To his right . The pollsters say they will be a brexit, and the bookmakers say people will err on the side of caution. Derek i hope the irish voters will get out in britain and swing it one way or another,nd they may swing it for remain. It could be tight. So all irish voters are ordered to go out and vote on referendum day. Peter thanks for a much to all of you. Thanks for being here. Thanks for providing our viewers with so much food for thought. I hope you enjoy the show as much as i have. If you have, get in touch with us by mail or social media. Come back next week. Until then, byebye. Hello and welcome to focus on europe, where we take you behind the headlines to give you insight into the lives of the ordinary people across the continent. Im michelle henery. Thank you for joining us. Coming up on todays show shattered dreams, how france treats soccer hopefuls. Fighting on, how farmers near istanbul are loosing their land and norwegian gridlock, how sales in electric cars backfired. If the beautiful game, or soccer, as it is also known, is not your thing, you might be forgiven for not being aware that the 2016 European Championship is upon us. There is an incredible amount of excitement in the air. And its no surprise that young boys the world over dream of becoming football stars. This made us wonder, what does it take to become one of these celebrated players with the multimillion euro contracts . Our reporter went to france, a country which recruits many of its star athletes from its former colonies in africa. As we found out, not everyones dream of making it on the pitch comes true, and for some it can be a nightmare. Tieucara coulibaly from ivory coast is working hard to make tieucara coulibaly from ivory coast is working hard to make his dream come true to become a professional Soccer Player. He gave up everything to pursue his ambition, his home, his family. If youre a Young African boy and you become a Soccer Player, it gives your whole village hope. You become a role model for thousands of people. They see that you set yourself a goal and didnt give up. But that can feel like intense pressure. The young athlete suffered the but that can feel like intense pressure. E young athlete suffered the same fate as many others who are recruited by clubs for a probationary period, but then dropped after just weeks later. Id pinned all my hopes on it. I thought it was my big chance. I gave it my all. The cotrainer said i was good. But nothing came of it. It was a blow. Reporter a blow that left him facing a difficult dilemna. He didnt want to go home. The disappointment was too great, and not only for his parents. There were no other prospects for him in france. He ended up falling into the hands of shady agents who secured him a contract with a provincial club. His payment was food and board. The club promised they would sort out his immigration papers. We waited and waited. But the club did notng. My friend is still there. He knows hell never get his papers. But what can he do . Reporter coulibaly is just one of hundreds of young Soccer Players from west africa who have gone to paris without papers and are waiting for their big break. Some of them train at saintdenis, a club founded by kampos bilog, a former professional from cameroon. He invests a lot of Energy Improving their game. You have to remember that the competition is tough reporter this young man was recruited by a belgian club, which dumped him after his probationary period. He continued to train, but then he injured his ankle. Without papers or Health Insurance he cant go to a doctor. He wants to remain anonymous, because he doesnt want his family to see him this way. The club never even talked to me personally. They had my agent tell me they didnt want me. The agent told me i should go home and that theyd have me back for another go. But i didnt believe them. Many of these west africans many of these west africans arent even 18. Theyre out of their depth in the cutthroat soccer industry. Kampos bilog lobbies the clubs to take more reponsibility. Its not ok, what the clubs do. What supposed to become of these young men . If it werent for my project, theyd have nowhere to go. They dont know anyone here. Reporter french and belgian clubs are constantly on the lookout for promising Young Players from the former colonies who could make them a lot of money. Every now and then, they find one. A brilliant new Soccer Player is a potential goldmine. Samuel etoo from cameroon is now a star of international soccer. He too was once among the legions of african Soccer Players illegally living in france. Patrick abraham has helped secure Young Players lucrative contracts. Steven nzonzi came to us when he was 15. When he was 20 we sold him to blackburn for a million euros. Then he was sold to stoke city for 8 million, then to sevilla for 8 million. And we always get a percentage. We get a cut every time he switches clubs. Reporter the clubs Recruitment Practices are now so controversial that most of them refuse to talk to us in front of the cameras. Until a few years ago, amiens sc was among the clubs that recruit young men from west africa. Just think how these kids feel when theyre told theyre not going to be taken on, how disappointed they are. It can do a lot of damage. Reporter these days, amiens agents stick to looking for the next generation in city suburbs. Coulibaly is still hoping to strike lucky. Hes now a father and lives with his girlfriends mother on the outskirts of paris. He didnt end up on the street, like so many west africans who move to france. When i come home in the evenings, my familys waiting for me. They ask me how i am, how my day was. That warmth, that support, you need it. Reporter coulibaly is now training to be a sports counselor. He still hopes to become a professional Soccer Player one day. But in the meantime, hes found a way to earn a living. Michelle do wealthy football nations like france who recruit players from poor countries have a responsibility to provide more structure and security for the young men they bring here . Let us know what you think about that or any of todays stories by getting in touch on facebook, email or twitter. After years of reconstruction, a mosque has just reopened in the balkans. What makes the ottomanera ferhadija mosque very special is that it is located in banja luka, capital of the bosnian serb entity, republika srpska, which is part bosnia and herzegovina. During the 1992 bosnian war, serb forces destroyed all of the citys mosques in an attempt to strip the city of all traces of its muslim heritage. The diminished number of muslims who remain hope that the reopening symbolizes an acceptance of the regions islamic past. Reporter kemal gunic gets together with his friends at their favorite cafe right on the river through banja luka. All they can talk about is the ferhadija mosques reopening. For years, gunic has been helping to organize its reconstruction and collecting donations. Now the reopening may well help restore muslims faith in the Peace Process. Very few have returned so far. When i cross the street in banja luka, i hardly ever see anyone i can say hello to. The more people return, the greater the chances ill see someone i know. Reporter many bosniaks live in this valley just outside the downtown area, as a minority in the predominantly ethnic serb republika srpska, an autonomous entity in the bosniaherzegovina federation. Twenty years after the civil war, they still experience hostility and ostracism and have little political say. Gunics house is here, too. He shares it with his wife, their three children moved away long ago. One son lives in sweden. Before he fled the civil war, he worked as a foreman in a shoe factory. Afterwards, he started several companies and achieved a measure of prosperity. 25yearold sandro hergic drops by for a visit. Gunic tells him what exactly happened at the laying of the ferhadija mosques cornerstone in 2001. We hadnt had any problems with the serb administration till then. Theyd actually been friendly and cooperative. There wasnt the slightest hint anything could happen. But then, after the bosniaks from every part of the country had come together here, we suddenly noticed the police had blocked off all our escape routes. Reporter 300 bosniaks had gathered for the ceremony. Some 1000 serb extremists attacked them. From the window, i saw them attack a man, his name was murat badic. I could only watch as they stoned him to death. I couldnt help him. To be honest, i was far too scared to do anything. There were lots of police there, but they made no attempt to stop the attack. They just watched. Reporter this time some ten thousand people came from all over Bosnia Herzegovina for the ceremony. A Massive Police and military presence effectively prevented any incidents. The government wasnt taking any chances. Kemal gunic was excited. Hed worked for so long to bring this day about. I cant put into words how i feel. Reporter the ferhadija or ferhat pasha mosque is well known throughout bosnia. Its official reopening by clerical and political dignitaries was broadcast live on national television. The ceremony went peacefully. Gunic is relieved. I think, now weve given a signal, and more bosniaks will have the confidence to return to bosnia. Now they can assume their traditional place in this society and live together with the others in peace. Reporter gunic intends to do even more to encourage the bosniaks to return to banja luka. With the reopening of the ferhadija mosque, they have a common home to come back to. Michelle turkeys president erdogan has a dream of greatness for his country. The landscape of turkey has transformed profoundly in the years he has been in power. From roads, shopping malls and power plants to plans for creating the Worlds Largest airport, the new istanbul mega hub. But local farmers had to give up art of their land without compensation. Many of them have given up, but Mustafa Bozkurt is still fighting for his rights. Reporter thirty cows and about a dozen sheep are Mustafa Bozkurts entire livelihood. Every morning, he heads out to the pastures to see how theyre doing. He says the more tlc the cows get the more milk they give. Only a few meters away, the old turkey ends and the new turkey begins. Istanbuls new airport, its third, is under construction right next to bozkurts village. Its supposed to become the Worlds Largest. An oak forest once stood on this site. The airport field will come to within 300 meters of our village. Thatll be the end of agriculture here. Over two thirds of our lands have been taken away from us without any compensation. The government justifies the expropriations by citing the common good, the good of the nation. Reporter the government justifies the expropriations by citing the common good, the good of the nation. With six runways planned, the megaairport was conceived to become the principal hub between east and west, between europe and asia. The First Construction phase is scheduled for completion in two years. Many turks see the new airport as a symbol for a developed, progressive turkey. Its also a symbol of president recep Tayyip Erdogans expanding power. Every now and then, president erdogan heads out to see how construction is progressing. The airport will eventually bear his name. Environmentalists are protesting the loss of vast swaths of forest. The Airport Consortium brushes it off as an attempt to block progress. We acquired this area as fallow land. It as an ugly sight. And were turning it into something by developing it. So from that perspective, we are the true environmentalists. Reporter the access highways cut straight through the largest continuous stretch of forest around istanbul. Many bird species may end up losing a prime habitat and the megalopolis istanbul much of its green belt. Mustafa bozkurts village yenikoy on the black sea is divided over the colossal airport soon to appear next door. Many local people have found work at the construction site and believe the airport will bring lasting prosperity to the area. Some regard farmers like Mustafa Bozkurt as malcontents. As citizens of this country, we are proud of the new airport. Itll make us one of the developed countries at long last. Other countries will envy us for it, and thats why they are trying to make it look bad. Reporter Mustafa Bozkurt stays away from the village cafe. Hes made too many enemies. But hes fighting the nationalization of his land in the courts, and vows to take it to the European Court of human rights, if necessary. His ancestors founded this village nearly a century ago. He wont be intimidated by anyone. After this, theyll be asking me, why have you been talking to a foreign broadcaster again . Thats not good. Theyll throw you in prison thats how the neighbors talk, even though theyve suffered huge injustices themselves. But theyre all scared. Reporter Mustafa Bozkurt knows all too well that he cant win his oneman battle with the turkish government. But his house on the black sea is all he has. Michelle norway proudly boasts having the most electric cars per capita in the world. As the country strives to halve its Carbon Emissions by 2030, more and more incentives are being offered to the public to do away with their gas guzzlers and invest in electric. But in an unexpected twist norways roads are still clogged up. Instead of encouraging people to switch to environmentally friendly public transport the incentives put more cars on the countrys already congested roads. Reporter when jane karlsen gets behind the wheel of her bus, it should be smooth sailing. Oslo has plenty of bus lanes, designed to speed up the flow of traffic for public transport. Instead karlsen often finds herself stuck behind a line of cars. We have delays of up to thirty minutes. Sometimes i spend the entire trip into the city stuck in a traffic jam. The cars that cause these reporter the cars that cause these traffic jams are no ordinary cars. Theyre electric cars, which run silently and without emissions. And theyre permitted to travel in oslos restricted bus lanes. Norway is heavily subsidizing the sale of electric vehicles. Ecars arent subject to the ordinary 25 percent sales tax. Theyre exempt from Public Parking fees in cities, and there are plenty of Battery Charging stations. Meanwhile ecars make up nearly a quarter of new car sales in norway. The incentives are part of a concept by the norwegian government to drastically reduce air pollution. Traffic planner jan lund says the goal is to cut harmful emissions in half by 2030. By 2025, the plan calls for all new passenger cars to be zeroemission. We havent decided to pass a ban on cars with combustion engines. We still believe we can complete this transition by 2025 if the incentives are attractive enough. Its an ambitous project thats attracted a great deal of attention. And its drawn many to visit oslo, including this delegation of Industry Experts and eu parliamentarians, who are being shown the latest in batterycharging technology. Wealthy norway is investing up to 420 millon euros per year in the program, althouh the country has no domestic Auto Industry that will benefit from it directly. But not all norwegians favor this generous incentive program. Transportation expert bard norheim says the program is putting even more cars on the road, with the unintended effect of increasing traffic congestion. The subsidies arent going to the right places. Theyre much too broad, particularly in relation to whats going to Public Transportation and bicycle traffic, which are equally important. So the program is a success, but that success costs more than its worth. But at least the additional electricity used by the ecars doesnt lead to more harmful emissions. Reporter but at least the additional electricity used by the ecars doesnt lead to more harmful emissions. Norway obtains its electricity from hydropower. Bart von depontseele is pleased with his ecar. His commute to work is much faster now that he can use the bus lane. For him, buying an ecar was a worthwhile investment, even though it cost much more than a diesel. There are no road tolls or fuel costs, so its much cheaper to operate. And we want to live more sustainably. That wasnt the main factor in our purchase, but its an added bonus. Reporter but on longer stretches, von depontseele prefers to avoid the ecar, because he worries that he wont be able to find a free charging station when he needs one. So he still has a second car at home with a conventional combustion engine. The subsidies arent reducing congestion, especially in cities. An ecar takes up just as much space as any other car. Reporter next year, norway plans a new law that will reassess subsdies for electromobility. By 2025, norway wants its Public Transportation fleet to be fullyelectric. Jane karlssen hopes that shell soon have the bus lanes to herself again. If all the cars on the road are emissionfree, theyll no longer be allowed to use the bus lanes. Michelle muslims all over the world are currently celebrating ramadan, a month of prayer and all day fasting and fasting. For the hundreds of thousands of musl refugees who fled to for europe, observing this holy time is difficult since many are stuck in makeshift border camps or hostels. Here in germany, an Organization Called kitchen on the run is trying to remedy that. It has provided a mobile kitchen and dining space for refugees like nadeen to cook, share food and celebrate ramadan together with the locals. Reporter its been months since nadeen went Grocery Shopping for dinner. This smells good. It reminds me of home. Ill use it later. We use it a lot in our cuisine. Reporter nadeen hasnt been able to cook once, since she fled the war in syria for europe. Its not possible in refugee homes. Jule schroder from berlin joined forces with some friends to set about changing that. They founded a project called kitchen on the run. It gives refugees like nadeen a chance to invite friends over and cook for them. I havent cooked a meal for 6 months, so im thrilled to have a chance to make dinner for others in our home. Cooking for others is part of my culture. Reporter shell be cooking here in a mobile transport container on the grounds of this church in duisburg. Jule and her team raised 150. 000 euros to turn it into a kitchen and travel with it across europe. Since it took to the road in march, 1,200 refugees and their guests have eaten dinner in it. But tonight is different, and Jule Schroder is excited. Tonight is special, because its ramadan, so the refugees and people from duisburg who join them tonight will be breaking the fast. Reporter nadeen and her friends from a nearby refugee home are in charge today. After everyones introduced themselves, its down to business. Everyone has a job to do, from cleaning up to chopping vegetables. Language barriers arent a problem. I think today will be special because lots of refugees are coming who havent been able to cook for a long time, and theyll be able to cook their own food, and also to share it with others, share their culture with others. It means a lot to people. Reporter the mobile kitchen is crisscrossing the whole of europe. It reached duisburg after stopovers in bari, italy, and marseille, france. The next stops are in the netherlands and sweden. The tables have been set outside. Dinner is ready just before sunset. Its a perfect evening to break fast. Were so happy we can cook for our friends. Weve been so busy with the preparations we didnt have time to feel hungry reporter nadeen and her fellow chefs have invited 30 guests. Nadeen believes that food is the way to the heart. If thats true, Jule Schroders kitchen on the run is spreading a lot of love across europe. Michelle thats it for today. Be sure to tune in next week when damian returns with a special program on brexit. He travels to london to take a closer look at britains upcoming vote on whether to stay in the European Union or leave. Until next time, its goodbye from me and the whole team. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] qwueeewep 1 xxxxxx too many outsiders, culture and los angeles is something that begins and ends with the movies. But the city has always been home to radical ideas and art, architecture, literal literature, and urban life. The profile of the city has run bigger and writer. With new cultural institutions, new approaches to art, and new ways of thinking about the landscape. Join me as we hit some of the citys most important cultural landscapes. Artbound. [captions made possible by kcet television] we can exploree forever. Amazing people coming from all over the world. A maker and a designer. The better art happens at the boundaries where the real gives up to the ideal. Next on artbound los angeles, a chilled out orange grove that became a movie capital and manufacturing center. Now its changing again, in favor of a new kind of urbanism. Los angeles is remaking itself. New train lines connect east and west. On per is coming back to life. Christopher hawthorne takes us to this new panorama. What the trd los geles . s sentialla shorthd. Deribing tyou shorand los angeles workingnd struling tostablish the ty is takg real, measurab, often ntroversl step incling the ivate ca the frway, theinglefaly house on the law it no nger dres oinfinite expansiothe wayf long de, of gwing itsay out oevery proble. Ineasinglyffering variety of ways move arnd the cy. Car shar bike share, w trant lines. It isoo easy sayimply at los aeles is ving int a new ase ofdentityfrom a b. Th i can th idea los overne impornt fact. Ma of thelements re oking add ormprove, archecture, vic buildin, los angelesroduced remarkle quanties at thend the 19tand starof the th century. In our cicnaomething before t car, bere the freeway, before t concret l. A. River, thlawn andhe smoke. I see i thats the fit los geles. From the 1880s througworld r ii. Thats e first s angele the send los aeles, e l. A. At produd all the filiar ereotypeabout cs andhe shruen civicealm, ituns the rghly tear 2000 the heaf the thd l. A. Ncept ishe idea at the ty is no longer pushingut at e edges,prawlingnd up pty by gobbng la. Buholding ck on itsel looking devel more intensy in i race to gro this erging ci that were seei now, th cy redioverinits publpaces, ving pascar culte and th singleamily hse, anxis about economiinequali, in ma ways hang to rearn the art of sring this anrather hising op it up emging cy is besundersto as the trd losngeles. Fomuch of t 19th an20th ceuries, l. A. Cuure li most oamerican culture was obsessedith a ki of westrd expaion and e convenonal wisdom of the y to realos anles was move fm easto west to srt downtn, near e rive andove towas the ge, the ach. Aning nta moni was onef the last cultul frontis of exrimentatn. If you we a younartist o architt in th1970s or 19s,hances a good you would t up hernear the ee, nearhe beach it wasffective hea. Culture w informe by id of expementatiot this stern ed. Than to risientsnd gentficationthis iso long that ki of city venices no lonr thelace where ung artis are seing uphop. Th are doi it furtr east inore affordablparts ofhe city. Aning th the culral cent is movg dramatally frowest toast. Eity is dblingack on self. Instead lookingor new, fresh territonew eds to exnd towards, it is looking instead redevel areas o the ci that it ignoredn many ys in it rush tohe weste edge. Lkt the eanfront all thayou see a horiz of war and sk its insping. Thats totay inspirg. Fres air itotally spiring. Abtt kinne who wand to delop and ke mey, went good scols anstudied th assics,tudied ieurope. He had sdiedn heidelrg, tuey. He wanteto replite the beauty of e architecre tha he had sn arou the wor. , he wld dig cals and th have waterys set ostreets. Therwas a sees of mar and nor catastrhes. Ey putll the mey into e p orwinwood anue. The srm desoyed it. The landalues halummet from the s, 3s, t wartim area attraive wasnt an attctive area, necessary. Artist liv here. Jazz musians, pos, writers that is was alace whe artis came ithe 50s and 60s becausyou coulget a big wahouse spe for ne to noing and u can sve. It w a lowct place to be a creativeerson. It is ually cled whe the deis meetshe sea. Surrnded by alcohics, bds, and ntally i peopl. Really waonly thait was cheap. He was ae to ren3000 sque fe of space on rine, tw blocksromheeach, fo 75 a nth. Mfirst pce i s my rst placwas 64 mth yocan eventay hereor one night f 64. Yeah, 6a month. Iemember e first y i wahere. Woke uin the mning. It was aeautifulorning and the was a ad body st layi there. Dettives we smokincigarett, walkin aroundnd crackg jokes. Th was my rst morng in venice. Im not ying to ke a cri scene t of venic, but literay was. The on people at were azy engh to rely movinto the area werartists. Peop likreally bkston, e ses, larrbell, bo graham. The rest the neiborhood s hooks and dr dealers crazies the crs and thbloods. Basicay, venice s a ve differt place an it isow. Yog artistcould acally ext down he. Hosenically,ome of arsts beca propertowners emselves thr very psence ma it an tractive pce. Th broughtnrchitect creati interesng looki houses itsel. T o th you hadtockbroks and ch peoplcoming in, chasg thatohemian him ohemiani. Course,t has be destred rough thchase. I ce to vene when ias abouseven yes old. Sptting wi my moth and faer l. Livingith my ther andather in. A. E first ing that remembe ater eir divorce, there s ach downhere. Atwhat we nted to. Go dowthere, jump the war, feel e sand. My grandther, alnse joph fst blacks the cement ctractor re in lo angele he fou a lot owork. At ts time t canals e beinbuilt. The are stl a lot vacant hoes. Were into 2016. We have l of the big maions goi up. Problem th that they ar tearindown perctly goo hous, ilding tse manons. Onof the fst tngs theyo is p u aillegal nce, tal bushesnd thing you ner get a chancto see em. I like to knowy neighbs. I kn most ofhem on ts bloc here. Since gerificati is here you dt gea chancto know them. There ill are few pneer falies lef ear. Bunot veryany. Novery man thereasn en a plac t get a mburger. There wanothing wn here. If you wk down mket stre to theoardwalknd lk towas san monica d saw 20 wouldll t w, that a big d. Nobo came do here. Was emp. We are n in fronof 77 maet stre. I usedo own nber 76 mket stet. Snchat start acquiri all thpropertyround he. The nt got t high. I think ey have l of the buildingon this reet. I nt ow how iis goingo playut. As ihascaies o be going, u know, ttle tos like thi a littlhouse ke thibuilt inhe0s ll beorth millionor a lile shackike tt. Ortunate, los anles has lots of derdeveled neigorhoods. Everyby doest ha to live in the se 10 blos. Venicer atwate wherev the artisgo, boiques wi folw and artis lead t way. Erybody se flows, thway its traditnally. Losngeles h always en knowas the cy of nehborhood e of t ones wi the strongest cultural identity is th part. It it walaid out is thi park 10s. Aid ouin the a neighbhood tha w protecd by racl covenas. It wnt til the ce riots of 19 65nd accelating whe flig that thneighborod beca what wenow it tay as, real cenr of afcanameran polits and t. We await t arrivalf the enshaw line litrail route, bringi hopes o new iestment and devepment d anxiets abougentrifition and dispcement, e questi is whher it can maiain that reputations the het of the centerf afranamerica cuuren los anles and e regi. How a you doi . m go. How e you . Good morng. Im going get staed. To the hoe. Ow anyo with anying that the counity shld be awe of . Weekwas contaed last naudible opportunity get mor properes, counity owrs withore prorties. Thoughte were ing, acculating l of the properti for u nothat pple are ing to s the avon cing. [indiscernle] erybodys gettg seriounow. Th has beegoing onor 30 ars. Sie 1987 we havbeen tryg to savthis forfricanaricans. This is thingo notng new. Itno secre weve bee workingn this f a longime. Just haa quick estion. Just had quick questn. The met line wi be up a runninby the yr 2020. 2020 visn is somhing tha grew o of our nday morng etings itas a wayor us to have plan owhat thineighborod woullook like wh our nehbors fr all ovethe worl ce up outf the meo stop think is a ite uniq gatherg of peoe. Its lot of the 6s chdren whare retid to our t main se of thpeople dng the planng its al very muchike a drm team each othem know exacy what sues need take ple. This is other to. Chging theorld, ma e of thereatesten on th planetight her you are good coany. Sin wonderfly. Improvisional singi] blackis t center of culture america right the mide of it. As i ow it, ts is a vy uniq place. With a ssitive htory. Started around the same time of the 1932 olympics. The first totally plan neighborhood village totally planned neighborhood village. They didnt allow people of color to live here. T was al whi. There wano thoug of anyby elseeing her people arted vingest. Staed in 1965 in the area became much le white, much morblack aftethat. Afr that, e bachn gallery stted. The whe black ts movemen beca a placeo grow. The neefor oppounities for afrinameric and oth minori artts s the reon we oned up rkman glery. Opened p in 67. I wa20. Myrother was 2 we autatically kw it w going toe uniqubecause were he to promo minorit artis. There wanothing like in the communit if you think abo the sial imct, the litical iacts of the te, we werright fothis oprtunit pe fothis oprtunity. The brockman gally is the reas thawe are sll on th map. Is a t to say is a oud momt, to be part ohis growg and coinuing htory of e area a cultulub. Eyve changedhe game. Th boughmajor piec of , adding to thstory th re gng to ha. His ples drench in art. L kinds rt. s major voice major foe for chge in th neighbhood her i sathat,m flching. Heree wasovement the mta wagoing touild the line tha stops acrenshaw king , ju half the are there was an outc. E thamanyeemto pele in thvillage e nervs abouthat thiseans. Theyanted a ain stopbut wi a gaimore desable, ings get mor eensive. They areery worrd about ntrificaon. Auphemismor whiteeople cong in d changi the col of thing this iknown as black, grassroo place. I uld say at its been a long tim comin 20 oddears. In se ways itook tooong. In otherays, its comi too fa. We e 9 of e populaon of l angeles and we n 55 of this neiborhood. I dt thi is aboubad stistics. The onlyhing we ve to dis to fig, to maksure thathe hiory of o invvement a engagent in th neiborhood stays th way. Ople rembering iso it nt t run ov. [cheing] check out. Erybody ld the hdout lik this. Right . L areoing to startn a tone, en we argoing toet highhere it ops. 1, 2, [cheeri in uniso me anthis gir ned devon montgome, she us to takee to sws at ec pk,iy type ows. I s comingrom hiphop backgrou. Batts and stf. E thoughit woulde cool i we brohtur worldtogether wasike, tig. Wetartedoing banas. Helped tpromote. I wareally gd at intnet proting. I grew iinto whait is no [wpping] sticki to the me ethos bookin bands bookinwrappers other nres, pele who d beats,ho sin stuff le that startedoming toananas whent was a uple of ars roing alrey. Im avid suorter. m he every month, without fail. Itlike a pce for flowship and art wherpeople c expressheir idea bounce eas off each her andollabora with ea other. m opmistic tt it wilkeep itessence. The is no her placlike this its a mecc f cture, sic. I ink thas wh makes ithe park. Lmerck thpeople. The culte. G rdy geready get rea t Hollywood Sign s led thredistin lives. Put in 19 to avera to adverte an upale subdision lled holwood lan ollowed,tdes tha simp set holwood, shn of thlast fou letrs. Itecame anbstract symbol recognized acrs the wod for e new ambious mov busine and it d no connection to the ighborho or locion physally in s angeles. Now,n the thd los anles, thks to a mbinatio of lfie culre, soci media, and gital mapng, its locationas bece intensy impoant. There e increang numbe of pedestans tryi to makeheir ,aup as closto the sn closas they n to it take pto to posto instagm. Therare alsorts of battl the neiborhood abo who should he accesso the reets, sidalks, antrails in t area. Is, in my ways, the third s angele this m of techlogy and obstructnism. Batts over aess to sred spe and hothe cityill be dened overt. Abody afraid height all rit, cool. Thas thtop of t record building it built tlook lika stack of recor. Oh. 1, 2, 3. [laughte t sign has aays been attracti people. This is e quinteential selfie pture. People ce up herand imdiatelpost tonsta. I kn that the have bn compints, buat the se te when you buy home rit undeeath theollywoodign, ititerallyomes withhe teitory, rht . I ow that ere ishat teion betwn the redence of the area a usersf the park. Its an intnationalymbol witand glamr. But think a t ofimes in los anges, sincet inceptn ae llywood snas bn location poi. The iginal hlywood sn was builin 192 to advtise e new delopment of hollyod land. It was built by a kind of consortium of heavyweight and earlyos angel, includg eli ark and s brotheinlaw. Ople whoelt thatheyere stuck therime andustle d bustlef the bicity wou look uandee hollywoodand d think at they cod live there likmount olpus. The si that weee todays not e sig constcted in 1923. E sign thawe see tay was nstructe in 1978,hen a oup of llywood siders, includinhugh hefne gene auy, and sangely eugh aleooperot togetr and ve moneyor eachetter. New hollywo sign wabuilt. Itdangerouout ther ere are ople jusstopping in the mdle of t roadith thr cars tget out and take ctures. Disobeyi trafficigns. T i alsoantoay to pele y have chen to li under the st famous gn in th world. You havehosen toive unde the hollywo sign. Im ptty wellalled an fenced o in. So, itasnbeen mucof an sue othe tn occasially pele parki in fronof my gate or whatno i have friend beachwo drive o is bloed in hi drivew at lea eve other ek and h to call a tow trk. I fou of his housewalked t here, ll in lo and thght is is like beingn lakeuomo, fi minutes from the fuof majorollywood studios. I boughtt immediely. You mo into thiarea, yo think thathere isctivity. Just a neighborhoo w few hike with a ltle bit o toism unti2011. In the st four ars or s we he had anxtreme elosion populary of pple comi up heras a desnation. We expect is main through the adve of peop having google maps otheir ce phones alas tffic stu showed000 exa cars or weend comg up here he last affic sty showed 7000 extars p weekend coming u this tct was cstructed i 1923. Itas the vy first pansion into theills. Itas recreed with e type of bdwidth imind thawe a expeencingoday. Stf thesstreets nt ve sidelks. Is a cipe forisaster. There ve been casions ere firucksnd ambulces have not beenble to g to tir stinatns becse of ca blocng them the strts being tonarrow. If u type holwood sn into ggle ms, you are tourisor someo here wh wants see i it showyou a lile paiwhere the gn is. You askor drivi directns to it, it willend yoto griffiths oervatory iluenced been peop in the cy who sahat th best placto go toee the gn is grfiths obrvatory. Doesnt actuly tell u thatou canrivepark muc closerwalk on blic strts, hi on public trls. Ase kind omake this transion fm a ci that is kind of cked intour hous and yas toing out intthe streets d celebring the public sces proved by th city, ere are ese peop who dt wan strgers walng downhe stree, a publ street tha anydy shoulbe ableo use. We nt wt to elude pele from ming up he. Or dcouragthem eve its simply bome unteble at this poi. Peoplere tryinto pai. Homeowners, ckandfth, aring betwn resides. Fruently iave seeneople st runng betweentop signs and sregardi the no smokg signs,he litring and whatnot. Ld lo to as them uld yolike me come to your neiborhood d behave like thi safe aust wt to be are whate havend be asonable ifou dont carebout you publicafety, t public fety ofour fries and famy, tn you e ignori somethi that uld killou. T modern silefamil house a hillse was ere the eamfecond loangele was cread and ansmitted the st of theorld thas in largpart to ages fm the chitecturaphotogpher juus shulm andthers. What the ptures sugge it was a deeply optistic forwardloing prise of postwalos anges. Wh does th dream lk like now . Evethe facthat emy piec of landn which build the eerimentsre no loer avaible . Mostly ans archects dow the hillre worki in a range ways toemake reimagi the id of resintial architecre in los geles r a denser era. It means lighouses it mea housesike thi one areo long fac to live, aces t make a leas much ashey are museumieces. Places t examinehe expementatiothat mard the stwarecade as they ar objectunder gls. Rative tother, ve dense york,ies new tokyo, s paulo, xicoity its probablfair to say tha l. A. H a disprortionaty highumber of singfamily homes. Is has bn a place whe peopleave movedue to g their ttle ploof land d ild theilittle hestead. Thnuclear mily is longer the mel gerating ban fm the y that i gerated ithe 19s. Wi all of ese waysn which the fami ishanging, dont kn a proliration o thousas of sinefamilyomes of000 squa feet andpwards kes sens i thinthat weve goto change e resideial fabri to commodatthe fami of the future we are seei the citreally transfm and reild itse. Lot of t things at we lo are he to stay the are al parts oit that are abou undergog radica change the ci is trying t expements inrder to t peop back in the city d usehe publitransportion. Be an ahitect, rt of th allowss to getutside of a or kinof desigor style discours en it mes to uan livg d qualitof le as we confronthe reali that th city wl cnge a lot er the next 20 ars. Lackbirdsnotn in is howo you ta the quaty of 1singlefilyouses and packhem intoive lotsith is addedonus of sense of communit i thinita designolution to the qstion ofensity. To ma the part ki of neigorhood aropriate piece ise did wh we cled stealth dsity. Metimes ey are t houses but theyook likene house me houseare threhouses b they loolike onend a half houses is rely veryuch a rt of th experimtal trition. Ensity, hink, isne of e key chlenges f los anles. S nott is not ally beea challee that l angelehas had confron until now a now its comi out like wave. How make a re denseity workn wayshat are unique and realo the ys that live re. Thek th ione of eat, imptant, prsing chlenges f us. Thas sothing weave to gure outn our ow terms, as posed tomporting mods that might noit so we from otr tradional cies. Muifamily housing a deer type housings becong more d more not only a nessity, t actual a quality that pele are vy intested in re. One saa fe wasevelopedn a si that ma people dn know ested. Bweente a thresld tharts disict, theailroa the riv, and ea los anges on t other se. Major goal was take a buildingt that scalend find ny diffent ways r it t try to botweave in the cit as it istsow,ut also en and antipate th possibity oeven mor importt conneconsetween differt sides the citin the ture. Hizontal reaty of th buildi was to al with the realy of losngeles aa imarily horizonl city. Everyonehinks th a city at kyscrapeasoave and delop veically. At the se te, los aeles rely has been a hozontal ty. Its one of its quiessentia identies. A wervery muclooking whher that couldontinue be a qlity, coinue to a of thearaeristic buildingof the cy, even they g bigr and bger. Ma that ilding me part o that l slu fabric the ci. Donthink th the silefamil he disapprs anyte soon. Noshould i much othe culte of the city s been deloped ithat way. Rguably doet have theapacity continuto push out furer and fther and further. Wntown a how thadevelops is ieresting n so mh in th it willecome thcenter los anges. It is inresting cause its an experimt in howhe dense centered precincof the cy can develop. Maybthats a model for t way th other cters ithe city n develoin the fure. For nearly l of i modern history,os anges has bn knowas the cter of aritecturainnovati. Buit has ner extend to t skyle. It ihard to e gernment it ihard to inkf anyone significt highre in the city. All budings ov 150 feein height needed lipads. E builng behin m the lshire gra, is reesentati of new shift i skyscraper ahitectur it was gen a varianc, allowe to have top thatoesnt have helipad. Now thatelipad requirent has en done ay witaltogether we m be lookg at a new generaon of towers th are mo interesng archecturay. Yea, los anles came virally the oy major city in the ited stas that limited e tops obuilding alsou theeight, bu quiring at any buiing si stories tallehad to be flat. The re deparent decid it wod be saf to be ae to la a helopter on the roof a tall blding inase ther was fire osome oth kind of ergency. Nevers i ow, its ever beeused. E removaof a flat of requement wachanged the ci couil aboutwo or the yes ago. I ink tt thishows that e cityas a dferent attude wards tall ildings. In the me central rts of t city, we are runningut of ace. Ifou want change d grow, you ve got tgo up raer thanpreadingutwards. Its onlyogical tt people would start tnking mo about at thoseuildingsook like and woul becom more customed to loong upwar to the ps of bldings. The wilsre grandroject presentshe firsthange in many deces. Othe 60s, bugoing ba to the s the 30s, it ll be thfirst timehat theris a new buildingith someing othe than alat top. Hen you e these eces of ploodthats a whol dont walk othem. If you d they ara littleit of arampolin is entirproject 2. 1 miion squa feet. It or 1,20000,000 i capitainvestme. Stay offhe cable his is gndale. Pasade. West. A. Lax. Course,e are on 66. You aren the 73 floor, there inoec high space le that ithe ci. Hes helicopt flying low usright . You n see right o there. Is lo u downto l. Is desned to have 5,000 peoe move iand mo out eve day. Atthe regur coursef busiss. 12illion people, Million People ling arou here ca actual get her ey can s hone lets go dotowno the wihire gra, go tthe top,ake ourriend and ha alass oine. Ths e econom model, the wa ths at the wle premi of th is. Were angelos. Im gointo go tohe top o th. Igoing toave dinn there. Thata rl enomic drer. Ths at enterinment stinatio are allbout. Th projecteally reects extly whas gog on in wntown l. A. Enteainment,eally hi qualy. Foodrestaurant resential. A fivetar hotel. Its at thepicenterhere evything lds. Ita perfeclocation ithe fit los anles, in befe worldar ii, e boyle ights seion of st los aeles jusacross t river om downtn was rely the nter of wish culre in s angele as theecond loangeles wned , e neighbhood wassolated from theity and e regiony a tgle in e freeway at was being but all ov the regn of crse. Nowherwith a r through neighborodith t intensi of theiolence at hapned in yle hghts. Over te secondos angel in thpostwar decade, the olation oved to a surpsing soue of strenh in the nehborhood it bece an encve of lin ameran and mican amecan imgration. Byhe 70s and 80ositive become t settled nghborhoo of not sond but thirdgeration iigrants d a nehborhood wita strong sense oftself anenergy. Whathat mean now amoney gentrifation cos, e neighbhood haseen ab to fighback ainst t forcesf changeuch more effectivy thaother nehborhoodaround the regio the queson is, wt will become oone of theurprisg succs storieof seconlos anles in ts new ciith devepment moy pourinin fromllorners one y to ansr that qstion ght be tgo furth east, aw from thshiny ne develoents of yle heits, diing beneh the suace of thislacid, nonistrict ndescrip culesacs of eastern l. A where new muiculturaenergy o t thirlos anles is constitung ielf a provinitself isurprisi wa immune the flaening rcesf displament. F you lo at a maof boyle hehts, y are talng about four sque miles. Anrea thats literay hemmed in by the construion of fe inteecting feways inhe area so, this arewas litelly quantined by highway consuctionnd urban renal in the 10s a 1960s. It w one of e first burban sidentia cmunities f businemen and filiesho wereied to t initial developmt of dowown los angeles. Time,oyle heits was at we wod call a fancy resideial neighbhood wit victorn mansis. Thdemograpcs were imarily whit upperiddle cls famies. Probly arounthe 19 tns, 19s at we beg tsee a ift fromhe old dntown class entrepreurs and familieso a more raclly and ethnical diversemmigrantnd workgclass comnity. It was ithe 50s and 6s wn you gan to s the masve this plament of sidents om boyl hghts to ke way for the inteection othe five major feways. Theve freay, the 1, 10, the0. They a cverge upon boe heights. Rt of the citys effort to get rid of slums in los angeles. For the people who did protest the coming of the freeway, it was a lost battle. There was simply no way to fight a powful highy buildi authory tt bldozed i way in boyle hghts. St losngelesnd Boyle Heights particurmerged a the epicent of alof the tt emergent aroundhe mexan amerin civirights mement. Continu to reprent the culture the lifof mexic descenpeoples the unid stat. Its stilthe ver baro capital b. My mily fir arrived he in the920because the mecan revotion. They plad an acte role i shapin it. Ey arriv in the ddle of suburbia where they to meeteople . Find commuty . Idtity . Latis recreed that their n way. A indefing who yo is amerin contex ooda to showou a exple of aront yar shre. The wathat latinos use tir fronyards to press eir cuural intity. A lot ofhem put rines in their frt yards. Likeany hous in the burbs, has a gare in theront. Likehe one nt door iwhere u see it typally. Versi ofatino th. It bame a pa of ttndoor tdoor listyle. Behind thiis the one freeway he 101 feway. On the easide it w devasted and t communi fought bk. Its beenn importt part o the idtity. Her, turngn acrossdecorate u hadime to s the trsformati of the ace on e eastsi. The milondollaquestion is how boyleeights igoing to irn the fa of gerificati. Right w there a backlh agait gentrication i cities roughouthe natio yle heigs also stained at backlh. Right now u are seng a kin of tenon in thway that tse dymics arelaying o. On the oneand, its becong more iegrated to the cit cause ofhe extenon of new public tnsit proams. Like the mro rail. On the otherand, thavery development openinghe doors for new phase of gentrication. As follows eo park, follows wntown, yle heigh, and yond intthe vall. Folls may nobe the rht word it depds on whe perspeive yo a workingrom. T san griel valy is gring up. Is wiing up rht now. Thats the ne cpter. How doe accommate that w do we ep the qlity of life by . Lif high . It is transit b. They a going tbe able levera that,ust likeny othecity. Rning is part of e alrey. Toe able tescape a aorb thlandscaparound m. I nt to hr the sod of the world. s rt oexplorinyour lascape. I ew up the cy and of always stayewithin t valley. It feelsike home i amhe writeand direor of arsity pks. I sninding scess by selling e storie i said iveot to pruce on we wand to sho somethi in thlocal nehborhoodshowing off the culturend involng runng. The ct that was goi to be ometownrepresenng a cuure thats underreesented i think e valleys comptely undrepresend in llywood vies. I dt ev think ware on t radar a lot opeople i l. A. Hes beeneally efctive at getting e suprt and t excitent of th comnity. Not him ing it ane. s ally a cmunity cing tother to sportis proje. And ving funith it. Far as e role oartists in theole ofentrificion, we dt ally havreal este devepers loong towar what rsity pus areoing. As fars whethethey shod inve. What ty are loing for r communies wherehey are le to auire che propert cause ofhis invement in these commuties. Ey are lking for opportities toake moneand the are otr facto. Capal develment and investnt is alys looki to couer new frontrs. Ev if theyre old fntiers at have ready bece conquereand diladated. Er time ey can become new frtiers foinvestme all ov again. Autges one cotant urbalife in neral. I thk all ofhese comnities e going be affted in positivend negate ways b the chaes we arseeing rht now. Thgentrifition , is pa of impring ples, but long asts ne thehought okeeping e commity aliv ita differt place. Itmy place the ci has a l of thgs wronwith it,ut its hom its our ho. N [music playing] [man singing in forgn language] sami senegal was one of the focal points of the slave trade. Those that lost their freedom came here across the oceans, and their music came with them. Rap, rock, blues, jazz. Everything we listen to these days had its start right here in west africa. Its not an exaggeration to say that sound tracker has taken a trip to the cradle of western music. [speaks foreign language] [man singing in foreign