Cows have had been sacred in india for thousands of years. Hindus are prohibited from slaughtering or eating them. Yet indidia is the wororlds sd biggest t export of bebeef. In the northeast of the country, thousands of cattle are smuggled across the border to bangladesh every day. As pedestrians and cyclists cross from india into bangladesh, Border Guards check identity papers. But they dont check this vehicle. The driver gets new papers. He barely has to slow down. And thats how cows from india are brought, illegally, into the country to be slaughtered. In hinduism, the majority religion in india, cows are sacred. In the first village on the bangladeshi side, we find a collection point for cattle brought in from india. There are dozens of places like this along the border. Traders tell us that smugglers benefittraders tell us that smugglers ask for the equivalent of about 150 euros for a cow from india. Nobody here is keen to talk to us on camera. Im just the driver. We ask if they are his cows. I dont know where the cows come from. I am just a driver. Large cattle markets like this one are held every day at different locations near the border. Mohamad hasanujjaman wants to sell six cows here today. We ask whether they come from bangladesh. There are a few Cattle Breeders here as well. L. But i bought these cows at the border. They probably came from the other side. Sales are recorded at this booth. At the stroke of a pen, an indian cow becomes a b bangladei one. Illegal cattle trading is an important part of the economy here. So authorities turn a blind eye. At the market, Mohamad Harun inspects the livestock on offer. He buys cattle to sell to others. He views the animals as raw material for the leather industry. Theyre skinny, but the hides are quite good. The hides need to be firm. It shouldnt hang down like this. I its estimated that one and a half million cattle from india are sold in bangladesh every year. Kabir riton is a journalist whos researched cattle smuggling. He says it continues to flourish despite efforts by indian authorities to curb it. The cattle from india are crammed on to trucks and transported to the bangladeshi capital dhaka, four hundred kilometers away. The value of a cow doublesy the time it t reaches dhaka, o about three hundred euros. The exact price depends on how long the trip takes, and how much in bribes the driver has to pay to local authorities along the way and d the transnsport mafia. But a cow from india is still cheaper than a homegrown one. One of the many tanneries in dhaka. This is the end of the line for the holy cows. Kamal hosein has been working here for almost two decades. He doesnt even wear gloves to handle the hides, which are treated with chromium in large wooden drums. The floor is covered in a a thk brew of toxic chemicals. Untreated, they flow into the drain. Thats illegal. But antipollution laws are not enforced. For fifteen years, the government has been talking about closing down tanneries like this and opening a new industrial park. Our bosses kept drdragging it o. They kept saying they needed more time. But a court has now ruled that the tanneries have to close straightaway, and that the new ones must be built now. Ifif that really happens, itlle a disaster for us. Well all lose our jobs. Its hot, humid and it stinks. Two hundred people work here. Us investigative journalists recently published a report on child labor in the bangladeshi leather industry. Thats why theyre keen to show us everything is above board. Workers say their shifts are 8 to ten hours long, and theyre paid the equivalent of about 150 euros a month. We cant verify those claims. Safety measures are minimal, however. There are no guards on the roller presses. And the stench of chemicals is overpowering. It is a real problem for us. The dirt and pollution damage your health. The unfiltered, unprocessed chemicals spill out onto the street and eventually into a river. There are two hundred tanneries in the hazaribagh diststrict. 75,000 people live here. They pay a high price for dwelling alongside bangladeshs booming and poorly regulated leather industry. Health and environment take a back seat in hazaribagh. The liquid in the river is viscous and black, and it stinks. We follow a load of leather to see where it goes, and what is made out of it. Were allowed into this shoe factory. Its clean and modern, and suppes retailelers in europe. By chance, we meet a representative from an italian fashion brand. He tells us that european firms do Pay Attention to working conditions here. We ask if he just means the final stage of manufacture, in factories, or the entire production chain. I cant possibly comment on that. Thats a matter for the government. Im just a technician. Its the governments problem. The footwear in these boxes will be sent to italy. Anand customers s there will prprobably never know thatat tr shoes were made from the hides of holy cattle taken from india. And now in global snack we find out what people around the world love to eat. Sete on the french mediterranean coast, no wonder this harbor town is known as little venice. George Brassens one of thehe best known n chan singers in f france used to lie here. His music is an important part of the towns heritage. Just like the snack that sete is famous for. The guilietta cafe is one place youll f find the hearay pary calletielle its sd as a sll sna, or as a ml. Dric annumo is thehef. Tielle is originally from from italy immigrants brought it here. It was originally a meal for peasantsts. It was fililling but cheap. The tielle from sete is tomato sauce and seafood wrapped in a pastry. Cedric wont reveal his exact recipe. But he hasnt changed the main ingredients for decades. A simple dough made from water, flour and salt. A tomato sauce with spices, and diced octopus or squid from the mediterranean. All covered with another layer of dough. The consistencey of the dough after baking is not the same everywhere. It has two different flavors. Here in the middle it stays soft because of the sauce. But the edges are crispy. Cedric opened his shop two years ago. His employees follow his grandmothers tielle recipe down to the letter. I canant say exactly whatsn the tielle. As f far as i knowow its tomas and squid. Its a small delicacy, and very typical of the region. And very tasty. The specialty of the house, a tielle made with eggplant and parmesan cheese. More than 4 billion people worldwide currently use mobile phones. China accounts for morore than of global prprojectition gll production. 450 billion mobile phones a year. In industrialized nations, people purchase a new mobile phone everyone a half every 1. 5 to 2 years. They contain a treasure trove of precious metals. The biggest producers of this metal are china, rwanda and the democratic republic of the condo. United nations soldiers patrol the streets of goma every day. Its the biggest Un Peacekeeping mission ever launched. The blue helmets are here to protect the e people against te violence that has raged in t te democratic repubublic of thehe o for r years. The main reason for that violence lies in the hills outside the city, where theres an ongoing battle over precious mineral deposits. Can laws passed in europe or the us really help to drive out the militias . To try to answer that question, we take a trip to whats called a certified mine. The journey takes us into the highlands. Its a region with no infrastructure, with unpaved roads that are little more than dirt tracks. This region has seen repeated rebel attacks. Theyre trying to seize untapped sources of one of the most soughtafter minerals coltan, also known as tantalite. Its an essential material in smartphone production. After a few hours drive, we reach a ramshackle mining camp. Two years ago these mines were certified conflict free. Signs s everywhere appear to reinfoforce the claims, no rebe, no chihild labor, no pregnant women. But are these claims true . It took us weeks of negotiations to receive permission to film here at luwow, one of the biggest t coltan meses in the region between 2 and 5,000 laborers dig here every day. The coltananrich sand begins where the redearth deposits end. Landslides are frequent here. Even so, hardly anyone wears safety helmets or boots. But at least the digging is now only done above ground, and not in the deep and dangerous shafts. Workers here say things used to be much worse. Each of these sacks weighs 50 kilos. The mixture of rocks, sand and minerals is shoveled into sluices, w where its wawashedd sieved. Eventually all thats left is what looks like sand spotted with tiny black specks. Coltan, black gold. The mine is owned by a congolese family. Bubut they donont directly pae workrkers, who arere pooled togr as memembers of a state run cooperative. For an annual fee, each miner is given a strip of land to mine. The output is then sold to the ownener. Some of the miners employ cheap casual labor to boost yield. This is the most poorly paid and precarious of jobs here. Mathis ndoki is a day labourer. After he finished high school a year ago, he wanted to become a teacher but couldnt find a job. Now like so many other young people hes working at the mine. Congo is very rich but people like me dont see any of it. I cant afford the annual mining fee. Thats the problem. Thats why nothings changed for me and a lot of young people. We remain day laborers. Mathis confirms that at least hes seen no a armed groups at e mine lately. But he can remember the days when the rebels used to control the area. The militias killed his father. But since the mines now need certification to export legally, the responsible Government Departments have begun taking action against the rebels. So at least inin this case, thes law did indeed make a difference. No weapons. Thats the slogan for e town of rubaya, which also gives an ironic welcome to sun city. Rubaya is s reminiscent of wid west gold rurush settlements. Theres no electricity, and just a handful of w wells to supppy water. But the people survive. At least no one goes in feararf their life, and no one seems to go hungry. Thats n no small feat in one f the poorest t countries inin e world. Mathis lives in a tiny h hut he together with his mother and 4 siblings. He makes around 1 euro 70 a day thats all the family has. As the eldest son hes responsible for the family. Hihis mothers unhappy with hs efforts though, and complainss hes not doing enougugh. She had to take the smaller children out o of school becaue she couldnt pay the fees. Mathis has just worked f for 9 hours solid at the mine. He often feels despair. Its rereally hard fofor me. Its almost impopossible to oy the school fees and feed the family. I cant manage both. H. Ive hardly got anything. The laws passed in the us and eu may have fended off the rebels, or at least neutralised them. But they havent led to an improvement in Living Conditions here. Thats one flaw in the legislation. Another is the barcode system used to identify sacks. Since the us passed its mineral minini laws, thehe democratic republic o of the congo has ben trying to make the supply chain transparent. Each coltan sack is weighed, then stamped with a code. For buyers, this is a guarantee that the coltan comes fom a certified mine. The problem is that the plastic tags can be counterfeited. Then sacks from illegal mines in rebelheld territory can be smuggled into legal exports of coltan. Ben mwangachuchu is the mines owner. He says you cant expect everything to start functioning perfectly overnight in a country like the democratic republic of congo. But the laws are at least a step in the right direction. What doddfrarank the law really didid to me, was to stp armed troopsps to be involved n the mining. They pushed them really on the sisi. We have e heard many multinationa who have e come to our mine, yoyou know, and they visited they looooked at the system. And they said, now we feel comforortable. Does that meanan in congo we dot hahave problems . Youou know. That that would be lying. Its sunday in rubaya. A day off, and a chance to go to church. The day is sacred for mathis too. O. Its thehe k where the miners can pray and rejoice without fear. Doing something to resist violence and giving the democratic republic of the congo a chance, certificication appears s to bt least one effective First Step Towards justice in the minerals trade. And now to our global ideas series, where we meet people committed to preserving our planets climate, flora and fauna. Islands that live off tourism often lack the resources to meet their own energy requirements. Grenada in the caribbean wants to reduce its dependency on fossil fuels, and promote renewable energy. Our reporter k katja dohne tooa closer look at biogas production there. Ricichmondhill pririson in grenada. Some 450 inmates are incarceratated here. A a few are allolowed outside;e biogas plant needs a new load of liquid manure. The prison has been producing its own biogas for several months. And the prisoners are responsible for keeping the gas flowowing. Likeke loxley, whos serving a sentence for theft. Hes been here for six months. My favourite part, as you see, is putting the manure in the bucket. You must mix it up in a way. It has to be soupy. That is like fun to me. More than 100 kilograms of pig and cow dung are mixed with water. The slurry has to flow easily through the loading pipe. The prison runs a farm that covers several hectars, so theres always enough manure. The inmates work with the animals as part of their rehabilitation program. The only problem i shshould say is when you are done with it, you smell like, i should say like a pig. You know, like a a pig i shoud say you smelling as. Is that a problem for you . No it is not t a problem. Whey clothes and its like, and all pig scent is gone. T the biogas is used mostlyo power the slaughterhrhouse. For example,e, to heat watater. Chickens are p plunged into ito loosen feathers before plucking. The excess dung left over at the end of theherocess is s gatherd and used as organic fertilizer. Its enough that the prison no longer has to buy chemicical fertilizer, which is expensive on the island nation. Around 110,000 p people live n grenada. And 5 times that many tourists visit every y year. The island feels like a caribbean paradise. But herere youll also f find n streamams full of mamanure ths run off from farms. And d they feed directly into the sea. Because grenada is a small island, the pollutants quickly end up in the sea. Thats why its important t to revivise the process r right ae begiginning of the chain, wog with the farmers themselves, so we can avovoid this ececologil problem. The gererman development orgaganization giz supports a Pilot Project to build ten biogas facilities. Here grenadas small size is an advantage. Today they received a call for help from someone whos not so easy to reach. Farmer Sherwin Sandy lives with his wife norgah and 3 children in the middle of the rain forest. You wanna try this . Sure. Sherwin trained as a cook. Tastes good. When i met my wife, s she td me that her mother has a piece of land. And when i came here i fell in love with the place. So i said, would you want to ve here fofor the rest of your life. She said yes, no problem. So ery day after that wewe work to live here. You u dont wannnna eat thi . Sherwin selells his hemadae bakeked goods at a local super market. To meet his power needs, he used to have to transport gas in tanks to his house. So he decided to invest in a biogas unit. But its more complicated than he thought. He mostly uses plant waste as a feedstock material. At firstst it was just too hardo collect the 5 cubic meters of material he needed. He had to get manure from other farms. Well, it would have taken like two weeks and a half to get all insidede. In some e cases i i would haved to use my bibicycle to get frm onone point to the next. And i had d to use a neigbours car to get the b bigger bulk o t to come up. His personal biogas plant is producing now,w, and hed lilio fire up his large oven. But the small flames dont provide enough heat. Thats why project leader Dieter Rothenberger has brought a technician along to have a look. Good morning. Good morning. So you have started drilling some of the holes . Right, we actually have some of the holes there, yes. Right now, thbibiogas onlyy comes through a few small holes thatat the farmer has bored himself. He h h to borrow the drill from a neneighbor. Fofor Small Farmers like sherw, putting in a biogas plant doesnt come cheap. The plants, which are produced in germany, cost around ur thousandnd euros. But that includes installation and troubleshooting. We work with local financing institutions, with banks and associations that can offer creditit to the farmrmers so y can afford to buy a plant, pay back the loan, and accrue some capital. Sherwin was lucky. Because hes taking part in the pilolot project, h he got the t for r halfprice. Another new plant is being insa nearby colle. The mates from the richmondhill prison are providing the labor. Its also training for t the dy theyeyre releaseded. By then theyll have a acquird skills as biogas experts. Loxleyey gets a spececial assignment. Hes responsiblele for checkig the interior of the plant, before the first batch of pig dung is loaded. This is making sure that its in place. When i come working, i feel like as if i am in the free world. So i could learn something. So when i leave, and i am back in the free world, i could learn something from that. When he is paroled in september, loxley wants to work installing biogas plants. And the more plants that are built in grerenada in the futu, the better h his chanceses of e beginning. Thats all l for today. But do getet in touch. Check out our Facebook PageDw Global Society or email us at global3000 dw. Com. See you next week. Announcer this is a production of China Central television america. Mike illnesses can sometimes run in families. Inherited genetic mutations can increase a persons risk of developing different diseases, everything from cancer to mental disorders. But now relatively new genetic testing is changing the way these illnesses are diagnosed and treated. This week on full frame, well meet some of the top doctors at the forefront of medical research along with patients who are struggling with the decision about whether or not to test. Im Mike Walter L Los angelese. Lelets takeke it fullrameme