Transcripts For LINKTV Democracy Now Special Election Night Coverage 20141105

Annenberg media by narrador Bienvenidos Al episodio 46 de destinos an introduction to spanish. En este episodio, Nuestra Historia continua. Tenemos que tomar una decision. Ya hay una oferta para el apartamento. Es que si queremos venderlo, habra otras ofertas. Ay, esta bien. Esperemos. ¿ha habido alguna novedad sobre la venta de la gavia . Han aumentado la oferta. Pero quiero decirte que lo he Estado Pensando y ahora comprendo por que te opones. No se preocupe, arturo. Tan pronto como maria comprenda la situacion cambiara, pero a su manera, ¿sabe . Ojala que asi sea. De veras, pancho la opinion de uds. Es muy importante para mi. No me sorprenderia nada si en este mismo momento maria y raquel estuvieran platicando. ¿si . No debia haber invitado a luis a venir a mexico. No es que no me guste tu amigo arturo. Es que. Es que tengo miedo. Ademas, vamos a ver un parque muy conocido de la Ciudad De Mexico, el Bosque De Chapultepec. vendadora pregona comestibles papa, ¿estas despierto . Si, hija. ¿ya llegaron . Si. Estan aqui afuera. ¿y que esperas . Ihazlos pasar captioning of this program is made possible by the Annenberg Cpb project and the geraldine r. Dodge foundation. Queria hacerte una pregunta. Si, dime. ¿te gustaria hacer un viaje a cozumel . ¿a cozumel . En el episodio previo, arturo le sugirio a raquel la idea de ir a cozumel con sus padres. Raquel quedo bien impresionada por el interes que arturo habia tomado en sus padres pero raquel y arturo decidieron hablar con ellos antes de tomar una decision. ¿. Que mis padres vayan tambien . Ha sido un gusto. Que tengan buen viaje. Mientras tanto, a don fernando lo dieron de alta y pudo regresar a casa. Pero las noticias sobre su estado de salud no eran buenas. ¿saben algo de don fernando . Pues si, pero. Las noticias no son muy buenas. En nueva york, juan le dijo a pati que habia decidido volver a mexico para estar con su familia. Tambien le dijo que finalmente entendia porque pati se tenia que quedar en nueva york. La obra te necesita mas que yo. No sabes cuanto me alegra oirte decir eso. En mexico, gloria volvio a casa de ramon y carlos le dijo que era hora de hablar francamente de su problema. Y finalmente, los padres de raquel llegaron a mexico. Pero El Reencuentro con su hija se convirtio en una confrontacion entre madre e hija. No tenias ningun derecho de hacer venir aqui a luis sin preguntarme, sin avisarme siquiera. Iningun derecho esta noche, raquel, arturo y luis van a cenar de nuevo juntos. Asi que solo seremos nosotros tres otra vez. Esta noche, Angela Y Roberto hablan de nuevo sobre la venta del apartamento en san juan. ¿te puedo dar mi opinion . Para darme tu opinion antes debes entenderme, escucharme tratar de entender mis sentimientos. Bien. Te escucho. Jorge es mi novio. Y yo lo quiero. ¿por que no puedo ayudarlo . ¿que hay de malo en que el quiera tener su propio teatro . Es su vocacion. De acuerdo con lo que dices. Que el debe tener su propia compania de teatro. Ahora, ¿no crees que lo logico seria que el mismo comprara su teatro . Eso mismo me dijo raquel una vez. Entonces ella y yo estamos de acuerdo. ¿has hablado de tus planes con jorge . No. Bueno. ¿por que no esperas un poco mas . Roberto si te preocupas por mi no tienes por que. No le voy a dar a jorge todo mi dinero. Mira, tenemos que tomar una decision. Ya hay una oferta para el apartamento. Es que si queremos venderlo habra otras ofertas. Ay, esta bien. Esperemos. Angela yo se que eres independiente. Que no necesitas la ayuda de nadie. Pero al morir papa yo le prometi que te ayudaria cuando fuera necesario. Iay, roberto a veces los echo tanto de menos a papa y a mama. Yo tambien, angela. Yo tambien. Al dia siguiente, arturo desayuna en la cafeteria cuando aparece el padre de raquel. Buenos dias senor rodriguez. Buenos dias, doctor. ¿que tal pasaron la noche . Pues, muy bien, muy bien, gracias. ¿y uds. . Bien, muy bien, gracias. Que pena que no pudieron acompanarnos a cenar. Bueno, pero habra otras cenas, ¿no . ¿y que piensa hacer ud. Hoy . Quizas visitemos un museo hoy. A mi me encantan los museos. ¿no le gustaria acompanarnos . Creo que iria, doctor, pero yo le confieso. No soy una persona hecha para los museos. No soy una persona interesada en el arte como ud. Desde luego, puedo apreciar algunas cosas en la vida pero para mi, pasarlo bien es jugar a las cartas con unos amigos. ¿que mas hace ud. En sus ratos libres . No se puede pasar todo El Tiempo Libre en los museos, ¿no es asi . No, no. La verdad es que no tengo muchos ratos libres ahora. Me paso la mayor parte del tiempo trabajando. A veces tengo unos ratos libres por la tarde o por la noche. Y algunos dias, no tengo ningun rato libre. Eso no es bueno, arturo. Trabajar tanto. Hay que disfrutar de la vida. Gozar mientras sea uno joven y saludable. Eso se lo digo mucho a raquel tambien. Si me permite, me gustaria hacerle una pregunta. ¿si . ¿tiene su esposa algo en contra de mi . ¿quien . ¿maria . Si. Anoche. Mire, arturo. Le voy a decir una cosa. Maria tiene su forma de ser. Es muy cabezona, ¿sabe . Si uno le dice blanco ella dice negro solo para fastidiar. Entiendo, pero. Pero ud. Quiere caerle bien, ¿no . , causarle una buena impresion porque ud. Quiere a nuestra hija, ¿no es asi arturo . Precisamente. No se preocupe, arturo. Tan pronto como maria comprenda la situacion, cambiara pero a su manera, ¿sabe . Ojala que asi sea. De veras, pancho la opinion de uds. Es muy importante para mi. Ya lo creo, arturo, ya lo creo. Mire. No me sorprenderia nada si en este mismo momento maria y raquel estuvieran platicando. ¿si . Le digo, arturo que conozco muy bien a mi mujer. golpes a la puerta ihola imira lo que te traje ison empanadas anda, tomalas. Son de calabaza. Te acordaste. Ipor supuesto claro que si. De nina siempre me las pedias. ¿como puede olvidar una madre eso . Gracias. Raquel. He Estado Pensando. No me gusta que haya disgustos entre nosotras. Mira, creo que. Que tienes razon. No debia haber invitado a luis a venir a mexico. No es que no me guste tu amigo arturo. Es que. Es que tengo miedo. Raquel, tu papa y yo somos viejos. No tenemos a nadie. Iy yo no quiero que te vayas a la argentina pero, mama. ¿por que crees que me voy a la argentina . ¿porque me gusta arturo . Si. Lo note en tu voz el dia que me hablaste por telefono. Si, quiero mucho a arturo pero el y yo todavia tenemos muchas cosas de que hablar. Y pues, yo no puedo abandonarte tan facilmente a ti y a papa. En los angeles tengo mi casa. Mi carrera. Alli esta toda mi vida. ¿y luis . Ah, si. Luis. Mama, trata de comprender esto. Luis es. Parte de mi pasado. Es un recuerdo. Pero uno no puede volver al pasado. Yo he cambiado mucho desde esos dias en la Universidad Y Luis parece Seguir Siendo el mismo. Si. Tienes razon. Tu ya eres una mujer y piensas como una adulta. ¿me perdonas . Si. Si, porque eres mi madre, y te quiero mucho. Pero me tienes que prometer algo. ¿que . Todavia no se lo que va a pasar con arturo pero. Lo quiero mucho. Es mi amigo, y tienes que cambiar con el. Te lo prometo. Pero antes te voy a hacer una pregunta. ¿si . Bueno, ya que eres una adulta y que piensas como una mujer ¿por que no llamas a los del servicio del cuarto y. . risas despues de tomar un cafe raquel y su madre bajan a la recepcion del hotel para encontrarse con arturo y el padre de raquel. Buenos dias. Aqui hay un mensaje para ud. Gracias. Luis querida raquel a pesar de los anos transcurridos todavia te quiero. Pense darte una sorpresa, pero el sorprendido fui yo al encontrarte con arturo. Yo creo que lo mejor es que me vaya. Cuando leas esto, ya estare camino a los angeles. Te dejo mi telefono y direccion por si acaso me quieres llamar algun dia. Disculpame con tus padres por no despedirme de ellos. Un abrazo de. Luis. ¿que paso . Nada, mama. Te lo contare mas tarde. Angela buenos dias. Todos buenos dias. Raquel, ¿a que hora salimos para la hacienda . Despues de comer, ¿por que . Es que roberto y yo tenemos que hacer unas cosas. Ah, no hay problema. Nos encontramos aqui al mediodia. De acuerdo. Bueno, vamos. Hasta luego. Todos ihasta luego raquel, yo le decia a arturo que me gustaria mucho dar una vuelta. ¿les parece . A mi me parece fantastico. Si, claro. ¿vamos a chapultepec . Vamos. Iraquel no me has dado ninguna oportunidad de platicar con este amigo tan simpatico. Vamos. Si. Tu hablas con tu padre ¿no . Mientras arturo y yo podemos ir platicando. Como el Parque Central de nueva york como el rosedal de Buenos Aires El Bosque De Chapultepec de la Ciudad De Mexico es una isla verde en un mar de edificios altos. El Bosque De Chapultepec ofrece una gran variedad de atracciones. Aqui se encuentra el monumento a los ninos heroes unos muchachos que se sacrificaron por el honor de mexico. En chapultepec se puede dar un paseo y gozar del ambiente. vendadora pregona comestibles tambien se puede visitar museos, como el Museo De Arte moderno donde hay obras de tamayo, kahlo y otros artistas. En fin, hay de todo en chapultepec. Es un lugar ideal para pasar una tarde con los amigos. Raquel. Tu amigo es muy simpatico. Arturo, ¿por que no viene con nosotros a guadalajara . Pues, no se si uds. Yo no veo ningun inconveniente. ¿y tu, pancho . No. Ninguno. Entonces esta decidido. Arturo vendra con nosotros a guadalajara. Raquel, toma el brazo de arturo porque ahora yo Quiero Caminar con tu papa. Gracias, hijos. Ya me siento un poco mejor. Y te pondras mucho mejor. Ya veras. Bueno, pero ¿cuando podre ver a mis nuevos nietos . Pedro esta misma tarde vendran. Ahora debias descansar para estar bien cuando lleguen. Si, gracias, hijos. Si, quisiera descansar. Mientras don fernando descansa su familia habla del futuro de la gavia. Ramon, ¿ha habido alguna novedad sobre la venta de la gavia . Han aumentado la oferta. Pero quiero decirte que lo he Estado Pensando y ahora comprendo por que te opones. Ramon, mercedes. Estoy apenado por lo que ha sucedido. Yo tampoco quiero que se venda la gavia. Deberiamos hablar. Ramon pero debemos esperar, ¿no crees . A que podamos reunirnos mas tranquilos. No te preocupes, carlos. Ya encontraremos una solucion. Pues yo tambien lo he Estado Pensando, ramon, y tengo una idea. Pero no creo que ahora sea el momento mas oportuno para hablar. Mas tarde les hablare de mi idea. Buenos dias. Todos buenos dias. La familia castillo. Ellos son angela, roberto y el doctor arturo iglesias. Juan bienvenidos a la gavia. Gracias. Pedro perdonenme. Si me permiten creo que tendremos mucho tiempo para platicar luego. Fernando nos esta esperando. Con permiso. Yo lo voy a avisar. Papa, ¿estas despierto . Si, hija. ¿ya llegaron . Si. Estan aqui afuera. ¿y que esperas . Ihazlos pasar bueno. Parece que Nuestra Historia esta por terminar. Iy que historia ha sido ¿no . Sobre todo lo que ha pasado hoy. Esta manana, mi mama vino a verme. Me habia comprado algo especial para comer algo que me gustaba de nina. ¿recuerdan . Ison empanadas anda, tomalas. Son de calabaza. Te acordaste. Ipor supuesto claro que si. Mi mama me habia comprado unas empanadas. Posiblemente no les parezca que tenga importancia pero mi mama usaba Las Empanadas como excusa para entrar en una conversacion seria conmigo. En esa conversacion ella me explico por que habia invitado luis a mexico. ¿recuerdan su razon . Mi mama me dijo que tenia miedo de mis relaciones con arturo. Es que tengo miedo. ¿por que crees que me voy a la argentina . ¿porque me gusta arturo . Si. Una madre. Siente estas cosas. Ese momento fue muy dificil para mi mama. Ella no es una persona que pueda expresar sus sentimientos facilmente. La verdad es que yo no me podria ir a vivir a la argenti. No se Cuando Arturo y yo vamos a hablar de estas cosas. Bueno. Despues, mi mama y yo bajamos para buscar a mi papa y a arturo. En la recepcion, me dijeron que alguien me habia dejado un mensaje. ¿recuerdan de quien era . El mensaje era de luis. Luis habia decidido regresar a los angeles. En su nota me decia que habia sido una sorpresa para el encontrarme a mi con arturo en el hotel. Luis pense darte una sorpresa pero el sorprendido fui yo, al encontrarte con arturo. Pobre luis. Se que la decision no fue facil para el pero la verdad es que asi es mejor. Yo no sabia como decirle que tenia razon que Estoy Enamorada de arturo. Bueno, ya lo he dicho. Estoy enamorada de arturo. risas ¿. Que irias a puerto rico . risas si, puedo decir ahora que aunque ha pasado poco tiempo Estoy Enamorada de arturo. Menos mal que mi mama ha cambiado de actitud hacia arturo, ¿no . Arturo, ¿por que no viene con nosotros a guadalajara . Pues, no se si uds. Yo no veo ningun inconveniente. ¿y tu, pancho . No. Ninguno. Entonces esta decidido. Arturo vendra con nosotros a guadalajara. Bueno. Hay tiempo para mi y para arturo en el futuro. Lo importante ahora es el encuentro de don fernando y sus nietos. Debo ir a ver lo que esta pasando. Captioned by the Caption Center Wgbh Educational Foundation annenberg media provided by for information about this and other annenberg media programs call 1800learner and visit us at www. Learner. Org. Usted tiene el derecho de permanecer callado. Usted tiene el derecho de ser escuchado. Cualquier cosa que usted diga. Lo que usted diga sera escuchado con dignidad y respeto. Usted tiene derecho a informacion y asistencia. Sin justicia para las victimas de crimen, no hay justicia. I think it breaks a little to the left. Uhuh. To the right. Nope. Straight. Girl come on i told you it was going right. Get up, get up, get up and be a playah get up, get up, get up get up, get up, get up and be a playah players get up and play. An hour a day. Announcer for fun playtime ideas, go online just dont stay long. Get up, get up, get up okay, guys, thank you. Were talking about electricity and magnetism. Remember that time i took the rubber rod and i charged it up, okay . Well, pretend this is the rubber rod charged up. And now i shake it through space. When i shake it back and forth, is that not an electric current, charged in motion . What surrounds an electric current . Begin with mf. Magnetic field. Magnetic field. How many say, oh, that Magnetic Field is probably very, very steady . How many of you know the Magnetic Field changing . Whats a changing Magnetic Field induce . Begin with ef. Electric field. Electric fields. Whats a changing electric field induce . Begin with mf. Magnetic field. How many are starting to catch on . What does this changing Magnetic Field induce . Begin with ef. Electric fields. What does the changing electric field induce . Begin with an mf. Magnetic field. How many are getting the idea . Okay. It turns out these waves will regenerate one another. So if you have a shaking charge, honey, you get electromagnetic waves throughout space. Where the electric field makes the magnetic the electric, magnetic at the speed of light thats what light is. Thats what light is. Light is electromagnetic wave generated from a shaking charge. If i take this stick and i put it in the water, and i shake it back and forth, wont i disturb the water . Wont water waves travel out . You can understand that. But what im saying is you take a charged object. Well, just take a charge, shake it back and forth and guess what you generate, gang. Begin with a w. Waves. Waves. And these waves are electric and Magnetic Fields, so guess what kind of wave. Electromagnetic. Electromagnetic wave. Thats right. And thats what were gonna talk about now. Electromagnetic waves and the very, very small part of the electromagnetic waves. You get the whole spectrum of waves. Lets start way down with the radio waves, really long, long waves. And the radio and the frequency will get a little higher, a little higher. And pretty soon, those waves for example, your radio antennas downtown are shaking waves up and down like a few millions times per second. Thats your fm waves. A few thousand times per second, thats your am waves. But if you shook the electrons in your radio antenna up and down like a million, billion cycles per second, honey, the waves that are generated are gonna activate what . Begin with ey and get the e on the end of it. Eye. Your eye, thats right. [laughs] remember we had the tuning forks that time and hit one tuning fork and made the other one ring . Well, in your eye, you got tuning forks there too, and guess what frequency they ring at, gang . Million, billion cycles per second. Million, billion hertz and thats light. And light, when that light comes in your eye, it makethat sight. Would you like a profound statement for a party sometime . Sure. When you want to say something, and everyone will say, wow, heavy, man, heavy. [laughs] would you like that . Would you like to hear one . Yes. Here it is. You probably will want to put this in your notes. Here it is. Light is the only thing one can see. [laughs] ooh. You saw a lot of substance to that, huh . Would you like another one . Yeah. Just as good . Sound is the only thing that one can hear. Ooh. You have people following you after that. Theyd say, hey, this guys dude is heavy, okay. You get the idea. Anyway, we get all these waves, gang, and a little narrow, narrow, narrow band of those waves, starting off with the low frequencies that look to the eye to be a color. Guess what the color be for the lowest frequency . Begin with an r end with a d. Try it. Red. Excellent. Red. And then lets shake it a little bit more and guess what the frequency is. Orange. Orange. Okay, some people. Shake it a little bit more. What color are you gonna get . Yellow. A little more. Green. More. Blue. More. Violet. More. Indigo, black. Violet. Violet. You cant be seeing. You cant be seeing it, okay . Thats not light anymore. We call it beyond the light. We dont say beyond. Some would say, what is beyond the violet . We dont say beyond the violet. What do we say, gang . Ultra. Ultraviolet, okay. And those waves you dont see. And many even go further still, higher frequencies like xrays. When xrays were discovered, it wasnt known what they were. So guess what they call them . No, not y, not z, but what . X. And it turned out, lo and behold, xrays are High Frequency electromagnetic radiation. And then beyond the xrays, you get whats called gamma rays. But theres a whole smishsmash of waves, okay . Less than 1 we can see, and we call that light. Here, gang, i have a prism, all right. This is a prism brought in by roger, okay . This is a roger prism, all right . And this prism will also take the light and bend it into a rainbow. Later, were gonna take some white light shining in here, and, boom, youre gonna see on the other side, what . Begin with r and with b. Rainbow. A rainbow. And that rainbow is another word for spectral spectrum of colors, yeah . And this will give us spectrum of colors too. It turns out it will give a spectrum of colors because it turns out different colors of light will travel at different speeds right. Through this material or any material. Did you guys know the speed of light is less in glass and water than it is in air . And how come the light slows down when it gets to the glass or when it gets to the water or anything . And heres another thing. This used to bother me years ago. If the light slows down when it gets in the glass, hows it speed up when it comes out the other side . It seemed if you want to get light to slow down, get it on a piece of glass plates and at the end, you can just catch it in a bucket. That keep dribbling down, yeah . But how does the light speed up again . How does light get through glass . Let me give you a little scenario of Something Like how that works. Light is a throbbing spark of Electromagnetic Energy, huh . And that throbbing spark of Electromagnetic Energy has a certain frequency, at a certain frequency at which it throbs, yeah. And when that, whoom, hits into a piece of glass, that glass got any atoms in there . How many say, oh, no, the glass probably dont have any atoms . Come on, the glass got atoms. And whats the atom have around its nucleus . Begin with e. Electrons. Electrons. And guess what those electrons will do when that Electromagnetic Energy hits it like this. Hit, boom, theyll start moving the same way. Theyll be set into vibration, okay . Now, whats a vibrating electron do . Oscillating. Did we talk about that before . Whats a vibrating electron do . What does it emit . Oscillates. An electromagnetic wave. So that light will be captured by the atom. And them, boom, the atom will vibrate. And, foom, send out its own light wave. That catches the next atom. When that light wave hits that atom, whats that atom do . How many say, oh, it probably dont vibrate . Come on, it vibrates, too, all right . So, boom, its absorbed. Now, whats the vibrating atom do . Boom, spit, burp, bam, bam, bamit cascades, when it gets to the end. Heres your piece of glass like this, yeah. Heres your first atom just sitting like that. Here comes a wavechoo, choo okay, hoop, i spit. Next atom, boom, okay, boom. Hit, boom. Heres the atom right on the edge over here. Whip, boom. This one, hit, boom, and then foom, free space. How fast did it throw it out . Free space. You know what the speed of the light was in between atoms . 300,000 kilometers per second, the speed of light that you get in a vacuum. cause guesswe think of a vacuum as void, right . Take a piece of glass, take a piece of water, whats in between the atoms . How many say airspace . No, no, no, no, no. No airspace. Whats in between there, gang . Begin with a v end with oid. Try it. Void. A void. And guess how fast that light wave go or that light particle or that light goes in between atoms . The same as it goes outside. How come light slows down when it goes through . I wonder there could be maybe a time delay between being absorbed and spitting it out. If there is a time delay, wouldnt that, in effect, slow down the light getting through . Hmm . Lets suppose i have, like, a little toy soldier that can walk like this. And the toy soldier walks at only one speed, only capable of one speed, okay . Lets suppose that toy soldier walks over and touches another one, choo, choo, choo, choo and the other one starts walking, choo, choo, stops. Choo, choo, choo, choo. See what im saying . The toy soldier that comes out the end here is not the toy soldier that went in. You see that . A little time delay. If theres a lot of interactions, does that mean a lot of time delays . That means a color of light that would interact a lot will probably move slower than a color of light that doesnt interact so much. Does that make sense . And guess what color of light interacts a lot with glass. Violet or red . Violet. Blue. You dont be knowing that yet. Let me tell you something. The resonant frequency of the electrons in there are like ultraviolet. And when ultraviolet light comes in, and hand, when that sets that electron in the move and, it is really moving so much it bangs into everything else. And the energy degenerates into . Begin with a h end with a t. Try it. Heat. Heat. And all that ultraviolet light gonna do, honey, is heat up that glass, because its hitting that resonance. The resonance, the vibration is too much. So the resonant wont get through. But whats below that ultraviolet . Begin with a v. Violet. And that violet is close to the resonance. And the vibrations arent enough degenerated the heat, but enough to interact here, here, here, here, here, here, all the way. And by time youviolet light is gonna take a long time to get through. Red is way, way, way down underneath. You could, kind of, look at it like this, most of your atoms wont even do a darn thing when red comes by. So red just, vroom, skates right out by and only interacts here and there. Guess which color should get through fastest . Red. You see its red . And a term were gonna learn later on that when the different speeds will bend different amounts. And thats why this and rainbows you see above you, display the colors that we see. It has to do with different colors bending. And we know why they bend differently, because they got different speeds in the medium, different average speeds. The sun beats down, emits light. Why does the sun emit light . Honey, those electrons in that sun are shaking like crazy. All kinds of frequencies, okay . And so what you get is you get all kinds of frequencies of light coming down to us. And if we made a graph of the frequencies of light versus the brightness, wed get Something Like this. Wed get Something Like this. Over here, you cant even see, thats the infrared. Over here, you cant see, thats the ultraviolet. But it turns out that right in here, thats the frequency of light that most ofthat is emitted mostly by the sun. And thats right in the middle of our color spectrum. Because we start down here with red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet. And guess whats right in the middle, gang . Begin with a g, end with a een. Try it. Green. Excellent. All right, all right. Green. Its green. Green is right in the middle. It turns out a yellow green. A yellow green is what most of the sun emits mostly. Its like a chartreuse. When i was a teenager, honeys, i had a chartreuse convertible. You could see that thing 15 miles down the road, okay . And you know why you could see it so well . Because most of the light from the sun is that color, and guess what we have evolved to see best of all . Take a guess. Yellow green. Yellow green. We used to call it chartreuse. Is that what why they paint fire trucks that color these days . Did you notice that, paul . What are the new fire trucks . They used to be red. What are the new ones . Yellow green. Yellow green. And why they be yellow green, honey, huh . Why . Because you want to see those things coming down the road. And so they find you and said, hey, lets paint them a color that human beings can see the most. And, yeah. Do you notice the color of your street lights . What color theyd be, gang . Yellow. Yellow. A little greenish, a little yellow greenish, mostly yellow, right . Why the streetlights yellow . They used to be incandescent lamps that used to glow white. Now, theyre making them yellow. One strong reason it has to do with, guess what we can see most . Yellow and green. Lets suppose you got a hundredwatt lamp, and its white. And youre saying that a lot of this is coming out, and a lot of this too, right . So youre spreading it along all of that, right . Lets suppose you got a hundredwatts only of this. How about your eye, honey . Youre gonna see more light, because its hitting right where you can see best. Now, those yellow lamps arent very good for your complexion and that sort of thing, all right . But when youre driving at nighttime youre not into that. Youre into whats on the road. You really want to maximize seeing. And, hence, thats one strong reason for the yellowgreen lamps. And the yellowgreen fire trucks. But, suffice to say, we could break this up into three regions. Thats what happens in your eye. The low frequencies average out to be red. The high frequencies average out to be blue. Guess what the middle frequencies average out to be. Irish, what is that . Now, try it. Green. Green. Very good. When youre looking at your Television Set at home, gang, youve only got three colors of phosphorous that give you all that spectrum of color. And what are those colors, gang . Red, green and red, green and . Blue. Yay. And i can, kind of, show you that over here with this light box. Do you want to be seeing such thing . Lets try this. Can weted . All right, gang, what color is that . Beginning with a b. Blue. How many dont even need a hint . [laughs] hey, but you guys are calling that blue, right . Can we be sure that everyone is seeing that color . Didnt you used to wonder that when you were a kid . When daddy said, thats blue. And you wondered your sister called it blue, too, didnt she . But how do you know that she wasnt looking at this, and she learned to call that blue . Do you ever wonder about that . Do we all see the same, mm . Do we all taste the same . Do we all smell the same . Do we all feel the same . Differences, individual differences, huh . And how would you know . And look at what we got here, gang. Red, green, blue, all together give what . Begin with a w. White. White. And isnt that nice . Isnt that nice . Because now what youre doing is the low frequency part of the spectrum, right here, banging into your eye, the middle part of the spectrum, whipboom, banging you right in the eye and the high part of the spectrum, whoop, and it all averages out to be the light isnt that neat . Theres another thing, too, thats kind of neat. Notice that the blue and the green mix together to give bluish green. Isnt that wild, huh . Isnt that wild, huh . Wild. And notice that the red and the blue mix together to give a bluish red. Isnt that wild . Wild. No, thats not really wild. You would expect that. But how about this, the red and the green, where they overlap, they give yellow. Wow. Hc. Why should they give yellow . Now, you mix red and green paint. You get, like, brown, okay . [laughter] but thats color by subtraction. Read the chapter on that. Here we have light on top of light. And red and green hitting your eye at the same time, gonna give you what . Yellow. Yellow. Why . Primarybetween the two. Thats right. Yellow is right between the two. And these are gonna average out to be that, okay . Isnt that nice . Isnt that neat, gang . Anyway, yellowits oh, look at this. We talked about three colors, red, green and blue adding to give white. Is there such a thing as two colors adding together to give white . Answer end with a p. Yup. Nope. No. Try it. Nope. Nope. No, not a pe. Just a p. Yup. Yup. Yup. Okay. It turns out two colors can give white. Can anyone tell me what color mixed with blue will give white . Yellow. Yellow. Do you see it . Yeah. How many cant reason this . Well, the yellow is the red and the green, huh . Okay. Well, let me ask this, what colorred and what color will equal white . Cyan. Bluish green. Cyan. This color here, greenish blue. We dont call it greenish blue. We call it, what . Begin with a c. Cyan. Cyan. Thats right. And how about this, magenta, we call it. Magenta and what give white . Green. Green. Thats right. Heres an interesting thing. Can you do algebra . White take away red equals what . Three. [laughs] white take away red. Cyan. Gives cyan. Shall i do that again . Yeah. Theres your white. Now, im gonna take the red away from it. Watch where my finger is. Ill take the red away. Whoops. [laughter] and whats it turned into . Cyan. Cyan. Did you ever wonder why the sea water is a cyan color . Its green and blue. How many people have never wondered that . So, well, its cyan no, no, no, no, theres a reason why it had to be a cyan. Can we have the lights please, ted . Sure. It turns out that seawater, any kind of water, absorbs, like mad, infrared. In fact, if you take an infrared light and shine it on water, itll heat up very, very quickly. And it also absorbs a lot of red. So when the sunlight comes down, all the colors, yeah, hits the water. Guess what color gets absorbed more than any other. Red. No. No, not green. Okay. Lets try let me give you a hint then. Begins with r, ends with d. Red. Yeah, red. Good. Okay. Some people said green. It turns out the red gets absorbed. When the red gets absorbed, is that the stuff that reflects to your eye . No, no. Its been absorbed. You cant absorb then reflect. You take your pick, honey. So if the red gets absorbed, what does the white light become . Green and blue. Shall i do it again . Shall we put the lights off and do it again . Yep. And turned no, im not gonna do it again. [laughter] it turns out to be that cyan color, see . If red plus cyan equal white, your problem is whats white take away red . And thats why the sea water is the color a. Isnt that nice . Thats why sea water is that color. Different colors of different temperatures of waters, different nutrients in the water, then different shades of that cyan, too, right . Having a lot to do with different amounts of red being absorbed. So the color you see in things around you are not the colors that are being resonated off. Theyre the colors that thats a leftover of colors being absorbed. You see this green, this cyan shirt here. Guess what color is being absorbed by that . Begin with a r. Red. Red, okay . Now, wheres someone with a you see, this red over here, this red shirt . Guess what color is being absorbed. Begin with a c. Cyan. Cyan. All right. Could you do without the hints . Yeah. Well, no. Okay. You get the idea, yeah . Isnt that kind of neat . Colors, fascinating. Red lamp. What color is the shadow . Black. Black. Why is it black . Because theres no light there. Is that mysterious . No. How many say, wow, far out man. What a shadow. Is this black . We all see its black, yeah . All right, now, im gonna put on the green lamp. The green lamp, whats the color were getting on the background . Green, yellow. Well, the green is a little closer. But strain your eyes, begin with a y. Yellow. Yellow. Now, i put my hand, boom. Hey, this was the black shadow before, now its green. How it turn green . Theres no reason for that. It just happened to turn green. I dont know why when the green light hit the black shadow, it turned green. Why did it turn green, gang . Because the green lights shining on it. But green light is making a shadow too, this one over here, but it aint black. Red. Why is it red . Because the red light is shining on it. How many say thats mysterious . Nobody you see thataint that neat . Now, watch this. Would like to see three lamps at one time . Wow. I can show you. Blue, now what color we get through the screen . White. White. Bam. Now, the one that was green before in our screen, it aint green anymore. Now, its greenishblue. Why is this one greenishblue . Because green and blue light are hitting the black shadow. Mystery . All right, now this one over here is not red anymore. Its red now. But the red light is hitting and not only the red light hitting, but the blue light is hitting it. So what is it . Reddishblue . Is it a mystery why this shadow is reddishblue . No, because the only lights hitting it are red and blue. Magenta, you get . And look at it over there. What color shadow were getting in the far left . Yellow. Why is it yellow . It ought to be black, because of this shadow here. But the green and the red are hitting it. And when red and green hit the black shadow, they mismash to be what . Yellow. Isnt that nice . Theres your yellow, magenta and cyan. These are your complementary colors, gang. Red, green a blue, and the complementary colors, yellow, red and cyan. Isnt that nice . Aint that nice . Do you like it . [applause] if you get the right shade of blue and orange. Lets try this. Lets catch that light again, ted. This is sort of like a sky blue. And heres, like, a sunset orange. And these two are complementary. That particular shade of blue and that particular shade of orange give a white, okay . Now, let me ask you a question. If i take that blue away from the white, what will the white turn . Orange. Orange. Isnt that neat . Look at that. Lets try it again, okay . White take away the blue, turns. Orange. Orange. Can you remember that . How about if it goes the other way, what if i said white take away orange, turns blue. Remarkable . Well, the effects of that are kind of nice. Ted, the lights, please . Would you ever be wondering why the sky is blue . How many say, well, its probably the reflection of the water. No, now, i go to minnesota. Now, i go to kansas. Whats the color of the sky in kansas . Well, its usually yellowgreen, right . Come on, what is it, gang . Its still blue. Why is the sky blue . Because its absorbing all the red. A little bit different phenomenon going on here. Let me just tell you about it. It turns out that light coming down from the sun [makes noise] showers itself upon the atmospheric molecules. Now, we got big ones, we got little ones, we got all sizes up there, okay . And these molecules will scatter off the frequencies of light. Its called scattering. Now, what frequencies will be scattered . Let me give you an example. Lets suppose i have a couple of bells here. Heres a little bell, and heres a big bell. When i disturb these things, theyre gonna scatter sound off in all directions and what will the sound be, highpitched or low . Lets try the little one right here. [makes noise] do you hear that . Now, lets try the big one. [makes noise] [laughs] is that right . No. How many are saying, no, i got that wrong . Wrong. Wrong . Okay. You know, thats completely wrong. It turns out the little bell will [makes noise] and the big bell [makes noise] isnt that true . Guess what behaves the same way up in the. Sky. Sky. The what . Molecules. What do you suppose a little tiny, tiny, tiny ones will ring High Frequency or low frequency . High. High frequency. How about great, big ones . Low. Low frequency, okay . Now, what are the size of the molecules in the sky, large or small . Begin with a s. Small. Small. And then nitrogen and oxygen mostly, isnt that true. O2, n2. And when that sunlight comes beating down on those things, it scatters off, light scatters off. And it turns out the color of the sky is the color of all those little bells, all those little optical tuning forks, all those little vibrators. And theyre vibrating at mostly, what frequencies, gang . High frequency. How many know what High Frequency looks like to the human eye . Blue. Blue. And higher frequency even violet. Let me tell you something, the sky really scatters off more violet than it does blue. But you know what . Were not so good at seeing violet. Were a lot better at seeing blue. So guess what our eyes tell us the color of the sky is . Begin with a b. Blue. You could have done that without the hint, okay . And its blue because the tiny, tiny particles are scattering off the High Frequency, so we see a blue sky. Okay, interesting enough. Now, you look straight up at the sun, straight up above, you see the sun white, yellowishwhite, okay . Okay, a little bit of filtering coming through, but not very much. How about that sunset, gang . Its sunset, when you look at the sun, it isnt white anymore. How many would say, well, its sort of like an orange, but theres probably no reason for that. Its just characteristic of sunsets and sunups to be orange. How many already see why it is that the sun is kind of orange at sunset . Lets take a look. Theres the earth there. Here, youre out standing right here. Heres the sun at noon. Somehow, light comes down, hits the air, scatters off to your eye, scatters off to your eye, and youre seeing what . What mostly scattered as blue, so you look up and you see blue all around. But you look directly at the sun, that white light [makes noise] overwhelms, a little bit scattering going on, and you see a white sun, whitish, okay . So at noontime, boom, you see the sun whitish, huh . How about at sunset . What happens at sunset . Can we do this next week and do this experimentally . We can do this experimentally. I tell you what . Lets just do it right here. Heres the atmosphere of the world right here. Heres the atmosphere of the world, huh. No. Lets do it this way. Heres the atmosphere of the world, and heres the sun. Now, the sun, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet, okay . [makes noise] swoosh, what do you guys hear . Well, let me just do it now. Ill do it again. Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet [makes noise] what do you got here . Blue. White, do you know why, huh . All the frequencies together give you white. Isnt that true . Right . So you hear what . Whats the color of the sun . Begin with a w. White. End with ite. Try it. White. White. All right, whitish, anyway, all right . White sun, all right . Heres our atmosphere down here. The atmosphere, these tuning forks, blue, blue, blue, blue, violet, violet, blue, blue, red, blue, blue, pink, blue, blue, chartreuse, blue, blue, get the idea . What do you think might happen, lets say, im gonna ring all these . [makes noise] what do you guys hear . Blue. Blue. You all heard blue. Thats right. Now, theres a little bit of red in there, yeah, a little bit green in it. But mostly what . Blue and violet, and you heard blue, yeah . Okay, lets try the sunsets. Can i have a volunteer . Would you stand right here, put your ear right down here, and im going to hit these tuning forks. No, right behind, right behind, i want to go out there. Im gonna hit these tuning forks. This is the sun, 150,000 kilometers away, and the sunlight gonna come down to the atmosphere [makes noise] and maydell standing on the ground, and heres the sky between her and the sun, yeah . Here we go, gang. We do, by experiment, one of the beauties of science is you do by experiment, huh. You dont just do it all in your head. Here we go. [makes noise] oh, oh, first of all, i should say this, you guys get the white again. Let me put a reflector here. So all this beam energy goes down here, and this beam energy is gonna scatter off here, all right, okay . [makes noise] what color do you guys hear . Blue. Do you hear blue . You all get it . Good. Maydell, what color do you hear . White. Yeah, she heard white. Why did she hear the white . Because shes standing right next to the thats right, honey some, some, filtering. She could have come right at her. Its a good thing you didnt have your eyes there. [laughter] oh, god, no, no, dont. Lets get your ear in there. Just get your ear, okay . You heard a white. Isnt that true . Okay. Here we go. Okay, like that. Now, we are at sunset, gang. Sunset, uhhuh, all right . Air is thicker, huh . What color do you guys hear . Blue. White. Orange. Yellow. [laughter] paul, would you pass out the qtips . Let me remind you, we got, blue, blue, blue, red, blue, blue, chartreuse, blue, blue, red, blue, blue, pink, all right . A reminder, huh, all right . Now, you put your ear right behind. Youre gonna need with your eye now, sorry . What color do you guys hear . Blue. Blue. What color do you hear, maydell . Orange. Yeah, all right. Maydell, right here. Right here, honey. Beautiful. Great. Youve been a sport. Lets hear it for maydell, all right . [applause] now, let me ask you a question. How come you guys heard blue and she heard orange . Check your neighbor. Check your neighbor. Check your neighbor. How come she heard orange . Hey, is this not neat . Is this not neat . At sunset, of course, youre gonna see orange. Because at sunset that light is coming through many, many, many, kilometers of air. And what color is being scattered out all along . Blue. Blue. Blue is coming all these people looking up see the blue sky. Theyre seeing the blue that would have got to you. And by the time that light gets to you, honey, its all tuckered out in high frequencies. Almost no high frequencies left. And so what finally gets to you, high or low . Low. Low. And so it turns out the atmosphere is transparent to the low frequencies but not so much to the high. The highs have scattered. And thats why you see the nice colors at sunset. Isnt that neat . It, kinda, makes sense, doesnt it . Heres another thing that makes sense too. When you look at the clouds, what color are the clouds normally . White. Theyre white. But there is no reason for that. Did you know that . Yes. Theres no reason for the cloud being white is there, right . Come on, come on, can anyone see why the clouds are white . If the clouds are white, what are you got to see, low frequency or high . [shouting] but what is gonna but if the clouds are all little teeny, teeny, teeny particles that will scatter high. So why arent the clouds blue . Because they dont my premise was off. I said, if the clouds are little tiny, tiny, tiny particles. If the clouds, gang, is all tiny, tiny, tiny, particles, what are the clouds in fact . How many say, well, in a cloud, theres a whole assortment of sizes. Some get so big they absorb and they turn dark. And, honey, thats a thunder cloud coming up . How many can see that . In the cloud, you get all kinds of sizes, yeah . All kind of sizes, all kinds of scattering, yes . And all kinds of scattering gonna look to you to be what . White. Yay, yay, yay. Feel good . Yeah. Isnt it right, okay . Any questions . What about after the sun sets, instead of red oh, the green flash. How many people here have seen the famous green flash . 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. How many people are saying, what are they talking about . Green flash, man. The green flash. I have never seen the green flash, okay . The green flash happens when youre looking at the sun, special conditions, you see the sun set, set, set, set, and its really a kind of a bright reddish, yeah . And all of the sudden, boom, a flash of green and down she goes. How does that happen . Im so eager to see the green flash. But i think it goes Something Like this. This whole sky here acts like a prism. You know how a prism will put the colors out into the component if white light coming in like this. And this fan out and you get the red and the green and the blue like that with all the colors in between. Youd be knowing about that . Well, the whole sky acts like a prism. And light will come in like this, boom, like that, and the green will get right to you. Oh, wait a minute. Let me do this again. The prisms higher in the sky. Light coming up from the sun comes in, refracts and give you green right in your eye and the red parts up here. But up here, light is coming in, doing the same thing. The red is like that, and the green is missing you. And the blue which should ordinarily cut in here and cut that green into bluishgreen is just about not there. But down below here, light coming in here does the same type of thing, green like that. I mean, no. Yeah, green like that, but red, not bending so much, red comes in and smudges it out. And too bad, honey, right here, the green is overlapped by the red. So what does that look like to the eye . Red and green. Oh, you dont remember that. Yellow. Yellow. All right, okay . Yellowish anyway, yeah. And so youre not gonna be seeing any green. But you only see the green when the sun sets, when it gets way down. You see, like, up in here, okay . Green hitting take this whole thing and move it down, so this part is buried, and you only got the tip, and the green is hitting your eye, and you dont have that red up here and coming and smudging, because the ground is in the way. I dont have this drawn very well, but you kind of get the idea . When the tip of the prism comes down, you dont have that red from below messing up your green. So you see momentarily a little green flash so itd be like on your frequency diagram, where you can see the very top of the bulge. Youre just seeing right here. Youre seeing this green. The blues, theyll never get to you anyway. And the reds, usually getting the red and green together. Thats what happening, youre getting the red and the green together. And this thing goes right down at the tip. It cuts off, so you dont get the red, and you only get the green but only for a moment. Its like standing with a thin slip in the prism, getting all these colors. You get a red on, yellowgreen, okay . Now if the slope is wide, you know, smudged all white, huh . But, i mean, its very, very wide. But its a little, thin, thin slip will come in and just give you the green and the red is gone underneath and that cant mess up your green anymore and you get that little flash. Watch for it sometimes, gang. Its supposed to be quite interesting. It turns out when i was a kid in school, i remember in the second grade, i was doing some drawings. The art teacher came by, and i was drawing mountains. And i was drawing very distant mountains, and i was making the mountains brown. And i made them brown and sort of green, because mountains have brown dirt and the green trees. And the art teacher says, oh, no, no, paul, you dont do that. What you do is you make the mountains bluish. I said, bluish . Yeah, because theyre far away. And faraway Dark Mountains is gonna look bluish. I cant remember if i asked her hc. But i dont know if she would have known the answer. Do you guys know why it is that a dark, Dark Mountain far away looks bluish to the eye . How many people are familiar with that anyway . Distant distance, things in the distance look bluish. How many say, ive never looked any further than just around my local come on, come on, okay . And theres another thing too. You guys dont be knowing about distant, distant mountains that are covered with show that are very, very bright, far, far away, dont look white. They look, kind of, yellowish. Like, some of the blue didnt make it to your eye. I wonder how come distant bright things look yellowish, and distant dark things look bluish . In fact, when you look up at the sky, its all blue. Guess what the background is, the darkness of outer space. The astronauts get up. Theyre looking down to the same sky. Theyre looking straight down. Heres the globe right here. Did they see the blue . No. They dont see the blue. What do they see . The color of the earth. We look out, we see blue. They look down and say, i dont see no blue. They wouldnt say, i dont see no blue, that means they do see blue, yeah . They see that off at the edge, okay . But whats going on here, gang . Think about these ideas. Well be talking about it again, okay . [music] travel advisories to Small Business loans. Retirement savings to medicare coverage. Id theft protection to contacting elected officials. Student loans to taxes online. Whether you have information to get or ideas to give, usa. Gov is the official place to connect with your government. From surplus car auctions to finding a new job, our new mobile apps will keep you updated on the go. So from marriage records to passport applications, Veterans Benefits to birth certificates, Patent Applications to Energy Saving ideas, product recalls to home buying tips, check out usa. Gov. Because the country runs better when we stay connected. Action. Spike lee. Aahhh no ones gonna say, were gonna take a chance on you. I never thought that would happen. So out of frustration, i wrote reservoir dogs. Hollywood is not very alluring to me. I am not susceptible to swimming pools and porsches. I got a 79 chevy. Its runnin good. Im a film outlaw, and i think thats a good thing to be. Annenberg media and with additional funding from these foundations d individuals and by and the annual Financial Support of hello, im john lithgow. Welcome to american cinema. At the edge of hollywood and beyond, new filmmakers are making some of the most intereinfilms in ameri today, films that have made hollywood stand up and watch. These filmmakers work against great odds on shotrg budgets. If they succeeed, they can g a chance to make hollywood pictures, like Quentin Tarantino and pulp fiction. But gog hollywood has its price, one that some of these filmmakers wont pay. In this program, narrated by frances mcdormand, we willook at some visions from the edge. Aaahh big band music playing independent films are the most important there are in the usa. Theyre the lifeblood of the industry. They set the new standards and the trends, and they have the wildest ideas and most interesting stories. And theyre usually the best of the pictures in the country. Youre not mr. Purple. Some other guy is mr. Pule. Youre mr. Pink. These independent directors have their own vision and they want to create a movie that reflects their vision. Thats the most important thing. julie dash i think were all a little bit crazy. I think all of us ha been traumatized by something and then we have this need, this obsession to tell stories and to rework the world within our own guidelines. upbeat music playing certain independent filmmakers are independent because they cant make movies they want to make within the studio system. upbeat music playing aaahh if the movies work, and they make a profit, then the studios are going to be saying, hey, why dont you make a movie for us . We want that money that you made for those guys. narrator in mainstream hollywood, a picture averages 42 million in production and marketing. An independent film can cost a fraction of that amount. In order to survive, major studios have to produce films that appeal to a mass audience. But independent filmmakers with lower budgets can take risks that hollywood wont, producing films that are original. How independent films are made varies, but filmmakers on the edge of hollywood all have one overriding desire make films on their own terms. It is very, very difficult for something new to come from within hollywood. Its almost impossible. I think it has to come from the margins. Action, spike lee. narrator made with a final budget of approximately 175,000, shes gotta have it, spike lees first feature film, received national attention. The breadth and scope of it seemed like a whole new voice, black, white or any color. And in the world of black film there hadnt been anything except for Michael Schultz working from the exploitation, blaxploitation days up to krush groove, just around the time shes gotta have it screened. There was nobody else in black filmmaking community, in hollywood or elsewhere doing anything. So he basically had the field entirely to himself. He invented a field that had, like, disappeared. He reinvented it. Black americas been waiting for this film a long time. They never saw black people kissing or making love. Even the big black stars, eddie murphy, richard pryor, they dont have none of that stuff in their films. It seems that men arent taught to be in touch with themselves, with their true feelings, but the things they say, weak. You so fine, baby, ill drink a tub of your bath water. I just want to rock your world. Baby, its got to be you and me. Please, baby, please, baby, please. narrator his second film, school daze, an ambitious musical about class and social distinction within the Africanamerican Community garnered his first studio deal with columbia pictures. Lee followed school daze with do the right thing, mo better blues, and jungle fever. Although his budgets escalated, lee continued to explore the cultural and sociopolitical diversity of africanamericans. His 1989 release, do the right thing, explored racism in a way never before seen in hollywood. Youre lucky the black manhas a. Im outta here. overlapping dialogue im a righteous black man or youd be in serious trouble. overlapping dialogue move back to massachusetts. I was born in brooklyn. Aahh black people know everything about white people. From the time we could think, thats all we see on t. V. Thats all on the radio, magazines, movies. Were bombarded with white folks. But conversely i think white americas known little known very little about africanamericans. The beauty for spike lee is that he for a number of years, a number of projects, he was able to structure his productions as negative pickups, which basically meant that he could write the rules and he would have to agree to only three things. He would have to agree on well make the first one. Well roll three things into the first one. You have to agree on the budget, the cast, and hed write the script and then film the script. Hed have to deliver a film with only an r rating. And hed have to make a film that was under 120 minutes. john pierson he went over 120 minutes on jungle fever, but otherwise, has kept his end of the bargain and they totally left him alone. siren get your hands up, put em up i said. Get your hands up, get your hands up. On malcolm with warner, a lot more money on the line, he still managed to make exactly the movie he wanted. john pierson but hes had to put up with a lot more resistance. Hes had to fight more fights. You cant gamble in harlem without the white mans okay. narrator lees ambitious malcolm x cost or 25 million. malcolm x i say and i say it again, you been had, you been joked. You been hoodwinked, bamboozled and led astray, run amok. There was a point in the film, after we had finished shooting, while we were finishing, where the money was cut off. I wanted to continue working, so i called up Michael Jordan and magic johnson, prince, janet jackson, tracy chapman, oprah winfrey, and i just told them the truth i need money. And they wrote me a check all of them. narrator 1994 signaled a return to smaller budgets with crooklyn a film about growing up in brooklyn in the 1970s. What we wanted to do is to elevate black cinema to what weve done in music, in sports and everything else. Were not at the level yet because were in our infancy as far as films go. But another 20 years, were going to produce our duke ellingtons, our own mary beardons, our james baldwins, people of that stature in film. jim jarmusch for us in new york at the time, in the late seventies, it was an idea kind of related to the music scene at the time, which was that we are not virtuoso filmmakers, but we have something wed like to express. And that desire to express it was more important than having a more professional attitude, or having a lot of experience. jim jarmusch when i started thinking about stranger than paradise, there were severe limitations as far as how much money i could get to make a film like that. jim stark stranger than paradise cash cost was 160,000, and it grossed many times more than that. Jims pacing was very slow and deliberate. There was a kind of irony in how he approached the world, which was not typical of filmmaking. Theres a meandering approach that lets you decide what you thought was important about the story. The style of the movie and the sensibility of it were clearly emanated from the personality of jim jarmusch but also happened to be perfect for the financial circumstances and constraints under which he had to work. The idea of using actors who are playing characters who are more or less identical to their own new york selves, it was just a complete knockout. After i finished making stranger than paradise, dino de laurentiiss office called me and asked me to come and meet with him. And i went into his office and he had this huge desk, larger than my apartment it seemed like. And i talked to him for awhile. He was very direct. And he said to me, why do you make amateur films, as opposed to professional films . And i asked him, what is the difference between amateur and professional film . He said, a professional film costs at least 5 million. So i still have not yet made a professional film. Another part of his filmmaking which i think is important and different from hollywood is that hes always developing and writing a character with a specific actor in mind. Jim had wanted to make a film with tom waits and john lurie trapped together in a confined space. And then when he met roberto, he said, well, im going to take a character like roberto and put that into the same space with them. And roberto played bob much like roberto benini. Not you, shorty, it aint your turn. Come on, lets go. But i dont go for 4 days, its my turn. Jim jarmusch might have needed to turn to other money sources, if he hadnt been so embraced from stranger than paradise by the world film community. The fact that stranger, down by law and movies since were big hits in countries all overhe world, and certainly in france where hes a god. But in other places as well, enabled him to finance offshore. And that makes it a lot easier for somebody like him not to even have to be tempted to turn to hollywood. Its hard to find money here without strings attached, because Everyone Wants to have input into the film and thats not my style. So ive been lucky to find financing outside the u. S. Mystery train was financed100. It is kind of odd, although i feel m american only kind of coincidentally. Hi, goodnight. Goodnight. How may i help you . We would like most cheap room ease, you have . All our ros for two people are the same rates. speaking japanese oh. Jarmusch relationship with hollywood im sorry,that is too expensive. Becomes almost more and more irrelevant. With each new picture he makes, hollywood becomes more aware that hes not interested in doing it their way, and that what hes doing is just Something Else and they dont even have to think about him. Hollywood is not very alluring to me. Im not susceptible to being lured by pools and porsches. I got a 79 chevy. I mean, its running good. narrator joel and ethan coen captured critical acclaim with their debut film, blood simple, a thriller in the tradition of film noir. I saw blood simple right when it came out. And it just was a startling picture. gunshot joel silver they shot a scene in this room where they shot bullet holes and these big shafts of light came in. I make lots of action films so i said, why didnt i ever think of that . Ive had plenty of gunshots, i never had shafts of light. So i was just really impressed with the first picture and i thought these guys were really something. gunshots click we were much more involved on a personal level with people who are making sort of lowbudget horror movies, exploitation movies than with any kind of avantgarde, new york art film or anything like that. I mean, we didnt know any of those people, whereas we knew people who were doing exploitation. joel coen i had been wking as aasstant itor on a horror movie named evil dead, which is how ethan and i met sam. Theres some tools that i found to be very helpful on the making of my films that joel recognized as good, and hes applied them like any craftsman would. sam raimi one of them is shakycam, which is a simple 2by4 board and a camera placed in the middle. And then you get an operator on either end of the board and it acts as a stabilizing element. So it allows you to move the camera cheaply and quickly. You can also rush at objects and go over them and come to a quick stop. Sam Raimi Joel used that extensively. Its a very good effect. Ooohh aahh owww i remember how i was struck the very first coen film i saw, i saw blood simple before it went into release. I saw it at a film festival. Its a terrific genre story. Richard Jameson the guys out on a country road at night. I sawand hes got a shovell. Its and hes walking along, Richard Jameson the dragging the shovel a coon the blacktop road. Its just the kind of noise that a shovel makes, and that sound, in that scene, punctuating the emotions, puncating that event in just that way w brilliant ethan coen the fact that we storyboard everything we do grows out of our experience in blood simple. We didnt have any money to waste, essentially, and we had to be able to talk to the person who was shooting and the person who was designing it about what we were going to see and werent going to see, so we didnt waste the money that we had. loud engine roaring theres something, a lack of heart or emotion, that have prevented the masses from connecting to their films. Theres always a certain distance there. But i think raising arizona shows that they can make a middleamerican comedy people could really get into. Ill be taking these huggies and whatever cash you got. No, no, not by the hair on my chinny chin chin, said the little pig. , look at that. Look at him. Then ill huff and ill puff and ill blow your house in. That son of a bitch. yelling you son of a bitch better hurry it up. When they plan a sequence, i find what theyre truly doing is not planning a shot and then another shot, but theyre really writing a piece of music, only theyre doing it visually. sam raimi and theyre very aware of the shots power and impact a wide shot versus a dolly shot. And theyre aware of the effect of those shots in sequence, just as a musician would be aware of the flow of the notes ane and build to a climax. climactic music playing bging machine gun firing the people writing about films have seen far more than we have and are much more literate in terms of movies than we are. I mean, we all essentially watched Cornell Wilde movies. man well hear from that kid and i dont mean a postcard. John Turturro theres a lot of joel and ethan in there. Fish, fresh fish. John Turturro theyre not as much of a pill as barton fink is. woman lets get to work. Its late, morrie. Not anymore, lil, its early. We were doing a love scene with judy davis and they had written originally there wasnt all this kissing. And i dont think she ran her hand through her hair and then they wanted to do it a little bit different. And i didnt want to. I said, listen you guys, i have to defend the writers here. And they were like oh, yeah, well, to hell with the writers. I said, it should be really like hes a virgin and everything. And then we came up, i said, well how about if, you know, she takes my glasses off, totally undressing me . He looks like a little raccoon, hes a little scared child. When we saw it in dailies, ethan said, thats really romantic. So i said, it could use a little touch of sensitivity before whats going to happen, you know. narrator producer joel silver, known for the blockbuster films Lethal Weapon and Beverly Hills cop was attracted to their distinctive style. Im proud to be involved with joel and ethan. But i dont look at it as adding to my collection. I look at it as i hope i help them make a great movie, because if its a great movie, itll be good for all of us. We started working on the hudsucker proxy several years ago with sam raimi, right after blood simple as a matter of fact. And we put that aside for awhile. Its been an intervening seven or eight years because it was becoming clear that it was going to be a very expensive movie and not something we could probably not something we could realistically make and certainly not something we could make at that point with the kind of control we wanted. sam raimi we were doing a rewrite 6 months before production. Joel turned to me and said, the studio wants us to cast somebody that were not happy with. And theyre not approving our choice, so were not going to make the movie, i thought thats fine. Huh . Okay, okay. But they were ready to close down the whole thing because it wasnt exactly how theyd envisioned it. They told me that and i went crazy. I said, you have to make this movie. You have to make it. You cant not make this movie. The time is right for this movie, its now, its the right movie to make for this moment. You gotta make it. It does help to be able to put some teeth into your position by just saying, its take it or leave it and if its leave it, then so be it and no hard feelings, but well do Something Else. That does help marginally, but it usually boils down to a question of whether or not youre going to be successful in that gambit is a question of how badly they want material. They can say, ill make a little movie instead, because they have that ability. Im glad theyre making this. emcee speaking spanish narrator hudsucker proxys costs were equal to the money made by the most successful independent movie of the 80s, Steven Soderberghs sex, lies, and videotape. Well, i guess its all downhill from here. I came out of this background of guerrilla independence in which things were made very cheaply. woman in tv ann bishop mulhaney. man what do you want to talk about . What do you usually talk about man sex. Steven Soderbergh sex, lies i think was a fluke. Its being used as a bench mark in a financial sense. And i think thats a mistake. Independent films shouldnt be judged like that. These are films ordinarily that dont cost a lot to make and dont have to make a lot of money. narrator soderbergh first drew attention at the sundance film festival, a yearly ent held in park city, utah. One of the premiere festivals for american independent films, sundance has a reputation for showcasing unknown talent and attracting the attention of hollywood. I remember sort of seeing Steven Soderbergh around before the screenings of sex, lies, and videotape in sundance and no one knew who this guy was. He was having dinner alone. I just want to ask you a few questions like, why do you tape women talking about sex . Huh . Todd Mccarthy and suddenly the next day, redford and Sydney Pollack and universal and everyone is just calling him up. I dont find turning the tables very interesting. Well, i do. Tell me why, graham. Why . His life is never going to be the same again. After that one screening, it all changes like that. A lot of people approached me about doing things at a lot of different places, which was interesting. I chose to make kafka which i had read many years ago and decided i was going to cash in my orange ticket. piano music playing clicking of typewriter kafka just appealed to me because it was different from sex, lies. Radically different. It would take me out of the country, so i wouldnt have anybody watching me. It could be made independently. Oh, kafka, will we see you in the cabaret . Steven Soderbergh i knew physically it would be a very difficult film to make, and i wanted that because sex, lies had been so easy. What are you working on . Oh, a man who wakes up and finds hes a giant insect. Steven Soderbergh its commercial failure was interesting, it almost didnt count. Within the Hollywood Community the people who saw the movie seemed to like it well enough and respected the filmmaking. The fact that it was an independent movie almost made it not count as a blemish because it wasnt their money, so they didnt care. slow music and heaving breathing Steven Soderbergh now that it appears that there might be money to be made from independenttype films, theres certainly more people looking toward that end. Not necessarily on the filmmaking side, but on the distributors side and producers side, resulting in mca and polygram forming this new division to deal with the film im making king of the hill, which they think is not necessarily a specialty film, but not necessarily something to be dumped in 1200 theatres. Theyre doing it because they think there is money to be made doing that and thats why. Its not some overriding belief in film as art. And thats fine. You know, ever since vinnie got the vcr, every night hes been bringing home a different dirty video. narrator in the late 1980s nancy savoca emerged as one of a select few women filmmakers in america to receive critical acclaim. Savoca created truetolife characterizations of women and italianamericans seldom seen on the screen. They pee through that thing, you know what i mean . So . Animals. The script was written right after i graduated from college. And i just assumed that it would get done right away. I thought it was a great script, that i was a great director. And we would get it done. What happened on graduation is reality hits really hard about how difficult it is to get Something Like this off the ground and how much money is needed. So literally from the time the script was written until we started shooting was six years. What happened . What happened . Donna, please, we cant help you if you dont tell us. crying no one can help me. Donna, just tell us what happened, please. crying he wants to go out with his friends tonight. When true love won at the sundance film festival, we got an incredible amount of interest. You bang your head against the wall so many times you keep banging your head, the walls not there anymore. Everything opened up quickly. And we took meetings and were very excited but what was interesting at the end is we found out that in order to get into the system, then there are certain things that you need to do. And to this day, i mean, im just not sure how much i can make myself fit into the system. man devotion to ones family is more pleasing in gods eyes. narrator nancy savocas household saints depicts a young womans religious journey. lily taylor you dont sit around waiting for miracles, because then you come to expect some big announcement to let you know that a miracle is on its way. nancy savoca we did go out with a script but it was rejected basically because its not a topic many people want to deal with. And we ended up dog it independently, mainly because we just couldnt find somebody to back it. Independent filmmaking is a really wonderful thing, but the harsh reality of it is that it gives you less money when youre working outside of the studio system and you suffer for it. Theres a lot of compromising and you lose a lot of things. But you gain creative control. At this point its the only way i can get creative control. If someones giving me money, ill take it. But at the same time i want the creative control. And thats the battle. upbeat music playing narrator with reservoir dogs, Quentin Tarantinos use of sharp dialogue and graphic violence created a sensation at the 1992 cannes, turino and sundance film festivals. I just didnt think i was ever going to deal my way in. You know, were going to take a chance on you, kid. I just never thought that would ever happen. So out of frustration, i wrote reservoir dogs, i had just sold a script so i decided to take that money and make the movie with that. I was going to shoot reservoir dogs for 30,000, 16millimeter, black and white. Thats why it takes place in one room. I begged him and begged him to let me raise more money, and he refused. No, no, no, no, ive heard that before, forget it, no way. No ones ever going to give me a chance and no. And he was saying this to me, im like, oh, man, but just let me, like, go raise some money, please. And finally after a long time of negotiating, he goes, all right, give me two months with it. You can wait three months to make your home movie. And i go, well, okay, 2 months. In two months we got it going. Im going to die, i know it oh, excuse me, i didnt realize you had a degree in medicine. Uh, uh. Are you a doctor . Are you a doctor . Answer me please, are you a doctor . Huh . No, im not, im not. So you admit you dont know what youre talking about. So if youre through giving me your amateur opinion, slide back and listen to the news, im taking you back. Joes going to get you a doctor and the doctor will fix you up. Harvey Keitel its a film that hollywood did not want to make. Quentin was going to give up directing the script, because of all the difficulty in raising the funding. And i urged him to direct it. I wanted him to direct it, because in the text his talent was so vivid to me that i felt he should direct it and i didnt want to do it unless he directed it. The way i write, i get the characters talking. And they just Start Talking to each other and im like a court reporter, just writing it down. And they just get it going. And so since this was basically almost like a play as far as like the way they dealt with each other, they wrote it. Quentin Tarantino this is my quickest script, i wrote it in about 3 weeks. man if id known how you are id never have worked with you. Are you going to bark all day, little doggie . Or are you going to bite . What was that . Im sorry, i didnt catch it. Would you repeat it . Are you going to bark all day, or are you going to bite . I got involved in helping quentin with the casting, which an actor of my experience should do for a young director, a firsttime director. So i read with a lot of people and all that. And then i wanted quentin to see all the actors he could to make the best choices he could. There wasnt money in the budget to finance a trip to new york to see new york actors, so i financed that. To me, if it was good acting and it was a clever dialogue and good writing or whatever, it would have been a failure, if it hadnt worked as far as the film going to a projector. screeching tires gunfire Quentin Tarantino its cool because i get to be both actor and director. Actually, i dont like most movies directed by actors. Theres no cinema involved, theyre all touchiefeelie. I like cinema. My heroes are brian de palma, sergio leone, mario bava, martin scorsese, nicholas ray, people like that. Sam fuller. Cinema guys. Ever listen to kbillys super sounds of the 70s . Violence in movies doesnt bother me at all. Saying you dont like violence in movies is like saying you dont like tapdancing in movies. Its a very cinematic thing, and you may not like it, but its not up for questioning, you can do anything. I gotta feelin somethin aint right im so scared i guess ill fall off my chair an im wonderin how ill get down the stairs clowns to the left of me jokers to the right here i am stuck in the middle with you hmmmmm an im wonderin what it is you will do its so hard to keep the smile from my face man hold still Quentin Tarantino that was one of the only scenes that i actually shot two ways. I did another shot where the camera was behind the cop, as michael straddles him and cuts off the ear. Because i wanted to be sure about which way to go. In the rushes, the one where michael is on top and saws it off on screen, that was the powerful one. That was the one where we were, oh, wow, we gotta use that one. Thats the one. But in the movie, where the camera pans away, that was the more powerful one. You could dismiss the other one because of its shock value. It was easier to explain away. The other one where your imagination takes it is the one that disturbs people. I wanted it to be disturbing. Everyone talks about the violence scene in dogs as, god, its just unbearable, people walk out and so on. When i saw it, women just left in droves at that scene. But it does create a selling point. And i think that something people perhaps overlook a bit in this kind of rarefied world of american art cinema, independent cinema is that there still has to be something to sell in them and thats exploitable. narrator while tarantino uses the spectacle of violence to propel his story forward, in one false move, Carl Franklin portrays violence in a different way. I wanted people to experience a loss of humanity, the invasion of humanity, which is what happens when somebody dies, you know, somebody who was alive, somebody who had dreams, somebody who was loved, is not here anymore. And there are people who mourn that loss. There is a chunk of humanity that suddenly is gone. And theres a numbing kind of a feeling. Its not an exciting thing that somebodys dead, you know. And theres an absence. And i wanted to depict that. Theres coke in the kitchen. Take the money and the coke. Carl Franklin we shot it wide so you can see the perpetrator and you could see the victim. And you could see the response of the perpetrator. And you could see the response of the people who cared about the victim, all of that was in the frame. yelling and screaming Carl Franklin i didnt write the script, but to accept the screenplay, you have to accept your own representation of violence. And if it is a horrid one, then you got to communicate it. The difference between sort of mindless hollywood violence and the kind of violence you occasionally confront in these independent films, one false move, maybe reservoir dogs, is that the artists putting these sequences on, that make you feel the horror and or really make you think about what this means, it can really justify what theyre putting on the screen. Carl Franklin we wanted to somehow break the genre. We didnt want it to be a conventional hollywood crime. Slow down, ray. Dont panic. He recognized me back there, man, i know he did. If he recognized you, hed arrest you in the store. He was just looking us over. White boy and a nigger girl in texas, thats all it is. Carl Franklin the characters werent all good or all bad, they were flawed. Im going to pull em over. And with that principle kind of established that this was a world where people had good and bad sides and where evil was not as clearly defined or as simple as it normally is in a hollywood film, that created a lot of room to interpret and to do a lot of human innercharacter work. Yall want some rolls . Carl Franklin the fact that race was not the foremost issue in the film was in the writing, but it also coincided with my own view of racial problems that we have in the world. I hope to hell he does show his heinie up there, that piece of white trash and them two niggers are ow, shirley, you nearly broke my arnie, pass me them pickles, will you . Most of the time people dont call me names, or confront me, people who are racist. But theyll do other things. And its the same thing. In one false move, plutos not going to say, i dont like the relationship of you and ray to fantasia but youll see it in his responses and his looks. We can buy all the blow we want when we get there. Well be safe. Pluto will take care of us. Well be safe, baby. I have had offers, several offers from the studios wanting me to do things that are very hollywood, and really slick. And it somehow escapes me as to why theyve come to me. I dont know what they saw in the movie that would make them think that i can do those films, or that i would want to do those kinds of films. slow percussion music playing julie dash daughters of the dust is based upon african deities, so the structure unravels and the story reveals itself in a very west african way. In the way an african rio would recount and recall and retell his familys history. I was trying to shoot in tableaux that people would remember to redefine africanamericans, specifically african women, in historical drama. african woman when i was a child, mother cut this from her hair before she was sold away from me. Now i add on my own hair, there must be a bond, a connection. I wrote daughters of the dust while i was a student at afi. And they marked a big no across it. And years later, after i had done illusions i started pitching this story to studio executives, because they kept saying, oh, were really interested in seeing how independents can make these films on such low budgets. So i pitched daughters of the dust. And they said, oh, um, is it like sounder . Is it like anything is it like the color purple . And i said, no, its something weve never seen before. And they kind of balked one of them even told me, well, we dont do anything that weve never seen before. Todd Mccarthy if your film is Something Like daughters of the dust, which is a very particular, special kind of film, thats the kind of film to make outside the system, because as soon as hollywood gets involved, theyre going to want more of a story, theyre going to want name actors. Theyre going to want some kind of a really strong narrative. And thats not the kind of film she was interested in making. When im pitching a story to a hollywood executive, its usually a male. And men tend to want to see and hear male drama stories and coming of age stories of young boys. julie dash i think a lot of the films that weve seen recently from africanamerican male directors are doing well because these executives were able to roleplay when they read the stories. And its kind of Like National geographic to them, and they can watch these films and roleplay for two hours and walk out of the theatre and feel safe because they know, phew, that wasnt my life. I never had too much trouble making a dollar. Never needed nobody to help me do that. I cant stand still. julie dash when i pitch stories to them, im pitching stories about africanamerican women. So im asking these executives to extend themselves two hours to look at stories about africanamerican women who are not victims, who are living their lives, who are facing pivotal moments in their lives. And usually they disengage from the stories. julie dash they disengage from the pitch. And i really believe its because theyre not interested. This is not what titillates them. They do not want to extend themselves into being an africanamerican woman for two hours. They rarely want to extend themselves into being a white woman for two hours. Thats why its very difficult for women filmmakers in general to get stories about themselves on the screen. narrator independent films often need specialized marketing. Daughters of the dust made variety topgrossing list and remained there for over 30 weeks, using an innovative grassroots Marketing Strategy developed by kjm3, a company of africanamerican film professionals. Their approach included direct distribution flyers and asking ministers to mention the film in their sermons. narrator laws of gravity, directed by nick gomez illustrates how many filmmakers faced with low budgets turn a lack of money into a creative challenge. The films i want to make are films that speak honestly about people who live in this country. nick gomez maybe with a point of view, maybe even a little bite. We worked out of our apartments about a yearandahalf ago, and its a hassle working out of your apartment. Theres no separation between work and life. So we decided to create a place for those without money. Larry Meistrich the shooting gallery is a home for independent filmmaking within two floors here, about 10,000 square feet of anything you could think of having to do with making films. You could shoot here for a couple hundred dollars a day, cast and have a somewhat more professional atmosphere than casting out of your apartment. And at the same time, not spending a lot of money and keeping that money for the production youre working on. Youve just got to get up and get the film stock, and borrow a camera and go out and shoot it, as opposed to sitting around and planning and submitting, trying to raise funding through the powers that be. Well, the film that we made cost 35,000 dollars, so there isnt a lot of precedence for that. So what we were trying to do is create our own model. nick gomez the economics of the characters and the geography of the film matched the economics of the making of the movie. Its very easy, especially shooting handheld stuff to sort of just say, well, lets just sit down and put the camera on a tripod, lets just relax for a minute. And the cameraman looks up to you exhausted, sweat pouring down his face with an aaton on his shoulder. But you just have to keep on pushing everybody to try to maintain a certain kind of level. nick gomez you create a live situation and the camera gets it and its an intact moment from beginning to end. And thats a great way to work. Instead of breaking scenes down and stopping and getting the action shot and blah, blah, blah, where the whole thing happens like its live and the whole scene unfolds from beginning to end. yelling and screaming where are you taking him . So if i didnt have these guys, if i just came in and had directed this movie id end up in hollywood waiting around for whatever, work, the phone to ring, or whatever to happen to me. But because we have this good little group here, were able to approach things in a cleareyed responsible way and just continue to make films the way we want to make them. We dont want to keep making movies for 35,000. Wed like to pay our crews and be able to feed them better and things like that. But were not that interested in making 40 million movies. Whats particularly exciting about american independent film now is its giving a platform for many, many new voices. From america, from many different parts of culture. And i think that thats going to force actually, eventually, hollywood films to reflect more of america and the changing population and changing artistic voices. narrator in swoon, director tom kalin reinterpreted the scandalous 1920s chicago trial of nathan leopoldand richar, two lovers accused of murdering a young boy. Rather than obscure the characters homosexuality, kalin took a different route. muffled screams tom kalin at the heart of swoon, and its one of the things that makes many audiences maybe disturbed by the film, is its unrepentant quality or a refusal to moralize. Swoon doesnt have as its core a desire to locate leopold and loeb as victims or as heroes. Come on. tom kalin swoon really tries to tell the film from inside the relationship. The chaotic, contradictory, complex relationship of them. So that in a certain degree, you are made to participate. Im not peddli family values in swoon, for instance. Im peddling values that are much more complicated, that ask you to ask questions about, for instance, the ideology of the family, or sexual or racial roles, or various positions in society. And i think at the heart, a lot of movies in hollywood do have an extremely strong and unselfcritical promotion of family values, et cetera. tom kalin and i think swoon wants to interrupt that and recognize that the audience is more complicated and diverse than its been constituted by mainstream film. Using new queer cinema as a banner in which to market films has its pluses, obviously because films get more press, they get a movement. But on the other hand, i think its a great disservice to a film like swoon, which i think, certainly, transcends issues of sexuality and gender into much broader, stronger ideas of desire and passion. Where was i . judge you were discussing their pathology. attorney your honor, if the defense is proposing these murders Christine Vachon i dont think we are saying, oh, theres absolutely no way wed ever work within a hollywood system or whatever but i do thi theres certain fundamental things. I mean, ultimately, the things that make our films interesting are exactly the things often that those systems strip away, like choice of cast, like final cut, you know. And like the chance to really be innovative, take chances on people and on structure and on form. So once those things are gone, then who does it really matter whos making the film . narrator with the living end, a movie about two men withiv, gregg araki added another voice to queer cina. Wheres the party, animal . rock n roll music playing wherthe world is ours. Mal . So, like, figure this theres thousands and maybe millions of us Walking Around with this inside of us, this time bomb ticking, making our futures finite. Suddenly i realized we got nothing to lose. You know, i went to the usc film school. And being in a really industryoriented school really pushed me more towards an independent underground edge in that i knew my films were, in terms of content and form, a little too weird or esoteric or artsy for mainstream tastes. woman now, dont kill him until i get back. And no more flirting. You know, she shouldnt go out there alone, there are snakes in those bushes. Fran can take care of herself, you Better Believe it. prolonged scream snakes. gregg araki i really wanted the film to be as weird and as radical and as bold and out there as i possibly could. And i think that the difference in, say, a hollywood film, they very much want to do the opposite and to rein you in. And dont make it too weird, or dont offend that part of the audience. Ow, ow, f. Do you really want to go back to imhivpositiveand everythingshunkiedorie . Go f right ahead. Just dont forget to have sex in a plastic baggie and dont plan anything too far in the future. gregg araki the best thing about being an independent filmmaker is freedom of the underground, in that you can do things, say things, try things that hollywood films cant. I think hes going to keep doing that. Thats what he wants to do. To use somewhat better actors, the budget may go from 25,000 to 500,000; same with 35millimeter shooting. But this last film was mixed on a macintosh computer, for almost nothing. And as the technology changes, its going to be easier and easier to make these very cheap films for someone like gregg whos got that much talent. If youre determined to make a film now, i am convinced that you can find a way to make it. Whether you shoot it on video and get it transferred, or you get everyone and all the equipment for free, or you save up for two or three years, all those ways now are possible. Whereas before, it was completely out of the question. I think ill always be a guerilla filmmaker. At one point, one critic called us outlaws and so, yes, i am a film outlaw and i think thats a good thing to be. H e nenberg media and with additional funding from these foundations and individuals and by and the annual Financial Support of for information about this and other annenberg media programs call 1800learner and visit us at www. Learner. Org. clapping. thank you. Im very pleased to have been invited to attendants quorum each candidates b will have one minute to answer the questions every candidate will answer every question the time keepers homicide up a yellow card for 30 seconds and red card when time to stop every aspect has been faired to each candidate and all candidates ask their supporters to be respected if he and ask all to be quiet you have many important