And of irony can save him when he hears the most powerful nation of the world speaking of aggression as it drops thousands of bombs on a poor, weak nation more than 8,000 miles away from its shores. At this point, i should make it clear that while i have tried in these last few minutes to give a voice to the voiceless in vietnam and to understand the arguments of those who are called enemy, i am as deeply concerned about our own troops there as anything else, for it occurs to me that what we are submitting them to in vietnam is not simply the brutalizing process that goes on in any war where armies face each other and seek to destroy. We are adding cynicism to the process of death, for they must know after the short period there that none of the things we claim to be fighting for are really involved. Before long, they must know that their government has sent them into a struggle among vietnamese, and the more sophisticated surely realize that we are on the side of the wealthy and the secure, while we create a hell for the poor. Somehow this madness must cease. We must stop now. I speak as a child of god and brother to the suffering poor of vietnam. I speak for those whose land is being laid waste, whose homes are being destroyed, whose culture is being subverted. I speak for the poor of america, who are paying the double price of smashed hopes at home and death and corruption in vietnam. I speak as a citizen of the world, for the world as it stands aghast at the path we have taken. I speak as one who loves america, to the leaders of our own nation the Great Initiative in this war is ours; the initiative to stop it must be ours. This is the message of the great buddhist leaders of vietnam. Recently one of them wrote these words, and i quote each day the war goes on, the hatred increases in the heart of the vietnamese and in the hearts of those of humanitarian instinct. The americans are forcing even their friends into becoming their enemies. It is curious that the americans, who calculate so carefully on the possibilities of military victory, do not realize that in the process they are incurring deep psychological and political defeat. The image of america will never again be the image of revolution, freedom and democracy, but the image of violence and militarism, unquote. If we continue, there will be no doubt in my mind and in the mind of the world that we have no honorable intentions in vietnam. If we do not stop our war against the people of vietnam immediately, the world will be left with no other alternative than to see this as some horrible, clumsy and deadly game we have decided to play. The world now demands a maturity of america that we may not be able to achieve. It demands that we admit that we have been wrong from the beginning of our adventure in vietnam, that we have been detrimental to the life of the vietnamese people. The situation is one in which we must be ready to turn sharply from our present ways. In order to atone for our sins and errors in vietnam, we should take the initiative in bringing a halt to this tragic war and set a date that we will remove all foreign troops from vietnam in accordance with the 1954 geneva agreement. [applause] part of our ongoing commitment might well express itself in an offer to grant asylum to any vietnamese who fears for his life under the new regime, which included the liberation front. Then we must make what reparations we can for the damage we have done. We must provide the medical aid that is badly needed, making it available in this country, if necessary. [applause] meanwhile, we in the churches and synagogues have a continuing task while we urge our government to disengage itself from a disgraceful commitment, we must continue to raise our voices and our lives if our nation persists in its perverse ways in vietnam. We must be prepared to match actions with words by seeking out every creative method of protest possible. These are the times for real choices and not false ones. We are at the moment when our lives must be placed on the line if our nation is to survive its own folly. Every man of humane convictions must decide on the protest that best suits his convictions, but we must all protest. Now, there is something seductively tempting about stopping there and sending us all off on what in some circles has become a popular crusade against the war in vietnam. I say we must enter that struggle, but i wish to go on now to Say Something even more disturbing. The war in vietnam is but a symptom of a far deeper malady within the american spirit, and if we ignore this sobering reality and if we ignore this sobering reality, we will find ourselves organizing clergy and laymenconcerned committees for the next generation. They will be concerned about guatemala and peru. They will be concerned about thailand and cambodia. They will be concerned about mozambique and south africa. We will be marching for these and a dozen other names and attending rallies without end, unless there is a significant and profound change in American Life and policy. [applause] so such thoughts take us beyond vietnam, but not beyond our calling as sons of the living god. In 1957, a sensitive american official overseas said that it seemed to him that our nation was on the wrong side of a world revolution. During the past 10 years, we have seen emerge a pattern of suppression, which has now justified the presence of u. S. Military advisers in venezuela. This need to maintain social stability for our investments accounts for the counterrevolutionary action of American Forces in guatemala. It tells why American Helicopters are being used against guerrillas in cambodia and why american napalm and green beret forces have already been active against rebels in peru. It is with such activity in mind that the words of the late john f. Kennedy come back to haunt us. Five years ago, he said, those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make violent revolution inevitable. [applause] increasingly, by choice or by accident, this is the role our nation has taken, the role of those who make peaceful revolution impossible by refusing to give up the privileges and the pleasures that come from the immense profits of overseas investments. I am convinced that if we are to get on the right side of the world revolution, we as a nation must undergo a radical revolution of values. We must rapidly begin we must rapidly begin the shift from a thingoriented society to a personoriented society. When machines and computers, profit motives and Property Rights are considered more important than people, the giant triplets of racism, extreme materialism and militarism are incapable of being conquered. A true revolution of values will soon cause us to question the fairness and justice of many of our past and present policies. On the one hand, we are called to play the Good Samaritan on lifes roadside, but that will be only an initial act. One day we must come to see that the whole jericho road must be transformed so that men and women will not be constantly beaten and robbed as they make their journey on lifes highway. True compassion is more than flinging a coin to a beggar. It comes to see that an edifice which produces beggars needs restructuring. [applause] a true revolution of values will soon look uneasily on the glaring contrast of poverty and wealth with righteous indignation. It will look across the seas and see individual capitalists of the west investing huge sums of money in asia, africa and south america, only to take the profits out with no concern for the social betterment of the countries, and say, this is not just. It will look at our alliance with the landed gentry of south america and say, this is not just. The western arrogance of feeling that it has everything to teach others and nothing to learn from them is not just. A true revolution of values will lay a hand on the world order and say of war, this way of settling differences is not just. This business of burning human beings with napalm, of filling our nations homes with orphans and widows, of injecting poisonous drugs of hate into the veins of peoples normally humane, of sending men home from dark and bloody battlefields physically handicapped and psychologically deranged, cannot be reconciled with wisdom, justice and love. A nation that continues year after year to spend more money on military defense than on programs of social uplift is approaching spiritual death. [applause] america, the richest and most powerful nation in the world, can well lead the way in this revolution of values. There is nothing, except a tragic death wish, to prevent us from reordering our priorities, so that the pursuit of peace will take precedence over the pursuit of war. Dr. Martin luther king, april 4th, 1967 at Riverside Church in new york, explaining why he opposed the war in vietnam. Well come back to this speech and then play another. You can get a copy of our show at democracynow. Org. Today, dr. Martin luther king, in his own words. Back in a minute. [music break] mahalia jackson, take my hand, precious lord, dr. Kings favorite song. This is democracy now , democracynow. Org, the war and peace report. Im amy goodman, as we return to dr. Martin luther kings speech beyond vietnam. It was april 4th, 1967 at Riverside Church in new york. These are revolutionary times. All over the globe men are revolting against old systems of exploitation and oppression, and out of the wombs of a frail world new systems of justice and equality are being born. The shirtless and barefoot people of the land are rising up as never before. The people who sat in darkness have seen a great light. We in the west must support these revolutions. It is a sad fact that, because of comfort, complacency, a morbid fear of communism, and our proneness to adjust to injustice, the western nations that initiated so much of the revolutionary spirit of the modern world have now become the arch antirevolutionaries. This has driven many to feel that only marxism has a revolutionary spirit. Therefore, communism is a judgment against our failure to make democracy real and follow through on the revolutions that we initiated. Our only hope today lies in our ability to recapture the revolutionary spirit and go out into a sometimes hostile world declaring eternal hostility to poverty, racism and militarism. With this powerful commitment, we shall boldly challenge the status quo and unjust mores and thereby speed the day when every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill shall be made low, and the crooked shall be made straight and the rough places plain. A genuine revolution of values means, in the final analysis, that our loyalties must become ecumenical rather than sectional. Every nation must now develop an overriding loyalty to mankind as a whole in order to preserve the best in their individual societies. This call for a worldwide fellowship that lifts neighborly concern beyond ones tribe, race, class and nation is in reality a call for an all embracing and unconditional love for all mankind. This oftmisunderstood, this oftmisinterpreted concept, so readily dismissed by the nietzsches of the world as a weak and cowardly force, has now become an absolute necessity for the survival of man. When i speak of love, i am not speaking of some sentimental and weak response, i am not speaking of that force which is just emotional bosh. Im speaking of that force which all of the great religions have seen as the supreme unifying principle of life. Love is somehow the key that unlocks the door which leads to ultimate reality. This hindumuslimchristian jewishbuddhist belief about ultimate reality is beautifully summed up in the first epistle of saint john let us love one another; for love is god and everyone that loveth is born of god and knoweth god. He that loveth not knoweth not god; for god is love. If we love one another god dwelleth in us, and his love is perfected in us. Let us hope that this spirit will become the order of the day. We can no longer afford to worship the god of hate or bow before the altar of retaliation. The oceans of history are made turbulent by the everrising tides of hate. History is cluttered with the wreckage of nations and individuals that pursued this selfdefeating path of hate. As Arnold Toynbee says, love is the ultimate force that makes for the saving choice of life and good against the damning choice of death and evil. Therefore the first hope in our inventory must be the hope that love is going to have the last word, unquote. We are now faced with the fact, my friends, that tomorrow is today. We are confronted with the fierce urgency of now. In this unfolding conundrum of life and history, there is such a thing as being too late. Procrastination is still the thief of time. Life often leaves us standing bare, naked and dejected with a lost opportunity. The tide in the affairs of men does not remain at the flood; it ebbs. We may cry out desperately for time to pause in her passage, but time is adamant to every plea and rushes on. Over the bleached bones and jumbled residues of numerous civilizations are written the pathetic words too late. There is an invisible book of life that faithfully records our vigilance or our neglect. Omar khayyam writes, the moving finger writes, and having writ moves on. We still have a choice today nonviolent coexistence or violent co annihilation. We must move past indecision to action. We must find new ways to speak for peace in vietnam and justice throughout the developing world, a world that borders on our doors. If we do not act, we shall surely be dragged down the long dark and shameful corridors of time reserved for those who possess power without compassion, might without morality, and strength without sight. Now, let us begin. Now, let us rededicate ourselves to the long and bitter but beautiful struggle for a new world. This is the calling of the sons of god, and our brothers wait eagerly for our response. Shall we say the odds are too great . Shall we tell them the struggle is too hard . Will our message be that the forces of American Life militate against their arrival as full men, and we send our deepest regrets . Or will there be another message, of longing, of hope, of solidarity with their yearnings, of commitment to their cause, whatever the cost . The choice is ours, and though we might prefer it otherwise, we must choose in this crucial moment of Human History. As that noble bard of yesterday, James Russell lowell, eloquently stated once to every man and nation comes the moment to decide, in the strife of truth and falsehood, for the good or evil side; some great cause, gods new messiah, offring each the bloom or blight, and the choice goes by forever twixt that darkness and that light. Though the cause of evil prosper, yet tis truth alone is strong; though her portion be the scaffold, and upon the throne be wrong yet that scaffold sways the future, and behind the dim unknown, standeth god within the shadow keeping watch above his own. And if we will only make the right choice, we will be able to transform this pending cosmic elegy into a creative psalm of peace. If we will make the right choice, we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our world into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. If we will but make the right choice, we will be able to speed up the day, all over america and all over the world, when justice will roll down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream. [applause] dr. Martin luther king, jr. , april 4th, 1967, at Riverside Church in new york, explaining why he opposed the war in vietnam, the speech delivered exactly a year to the day before he was assassinated at the Lorraine Motel in memphis, tennessee on april 4th, 1968. The night before he died, dr. King delivered his last major address. He was in memphis to support striking sanitation workers as he built momentum for a poor peoples march on washington. This is some of dr. Kings last speech, i have been to the mountain top. And you know, if i were standing at the beginning of time, with the possibility of taking a kind of general and panoramic view of the whole of Human History up to now, and the almighty said to me, Martin Luther king, which age would you like to live in . I would take my mental flight by egypt and i would watch gods children in their magnificent trek from the dark dungeons of egypt through or rather across the red sea, through the wilderness on toward the Promised Land. And in spite of its magnificence, i wouldnt stop there. I would move on by greece and take my mind to mount olympus. And i would see plato, aristotle, socrates, euripides and aristophanes assembled around the parthenon. And i would watch them around the parthenon as they discussed the great and eternal issues of reality. But i wouldnt stop there. I would go on, even to the great heyday of the roman empire, and i would see developments around there, through various emperors and leaders. But i wouldnt stop there. I would even come up to the day of the renaissance and get a quick picture of all that the renaissance did for the cultural and aesthetic life of man. But i wouldnt stop there. I would even go by the way that the man for whom i am named had his habitat. And i would watch Martin Luther as he tacked his 95 theses on the door at the church of wittenberg. But i wouldnt stop there. I would come on up even to 1863 and watch a vacillating president by the name of Abraham Lincoln finally come to the conclusion that he had to sign the emancipation proclamation. But i wouldnt stop there. I would even come up to the early 30s and see a man grappling with the problems of the bankruptcy of his nation and come with an eloquent cry that we have nothing to fear but fear itself. But i wouldnt stop there. Strangely enough, i would turn to the almighty and say, if you allow me to live just a few years in the second half of the 20th century, i will be happy. [applause] now thats a strange statement to make, because the world is all messed up. The nation is sick. Trouble is in the land; confusion all around. Thats a strange statement. But i know, somehow, that only when it is dark enough can you see the stars. And i see god working in this period of the 20th century in a way that men, in some strange way, are responding. Something is happening in our world. The masses of people are rising up. And wherever they are assembled today, whether they are in johannesburg, south africa; nairobi, kenya; accra, ghana; new york city; atlanta, georgia; jackson, mississippi; or memphis, tennessee, the cry is always the same we want to be free [applause] and another reason that im happy to live in this period is that we have been forced to a point where we are going to have to grapple with the problems that men have been trying to grapple with through history, but the demands didnt force them to do it. Survival demands that we grapple with them. Men, for years now, have been talking about war and peace. But now, no longer can they just talk about it. It is no longer a choice between violence and nonviolence in this world; its nonviolence or nonexistence. That is where we are today. [applause] and also in the human rights revolution, if something isnt done, and done in a hurry, to bring the colored peoples of the world out of their long years of poverty, their long years of hurt and neglect, the whole world is doomed. [applause] now, im just happy that god has allowed me to live in this period to see what is unfolding. And im happy that hes allowed me to be in memphis. I can remember [applause] i can remember when negroes were just going around, as ralph has said, so often scratching where they didnt itch and laughing when they were not tickled. [applause] but that day is all over. [applause] we mean business now, and we are determined to gain our rightful place in gods world. [applause] and thats all this whole thing is about. We arent engaged in any negative protest and in any negative arguments with anybody. We are saying that we are determined to be men. We are determined to be people. We are saying [applause] we are saying that we are gods children. And if we are gods children, we dont have to live like we are forced to live. Now, what does all of this mean in this great period of history . It means that weve got to Stay Together. Weve got to Stay Together and maintain unity. You know, whenever pharaoh wanted to prolong the period of slavery in egypt, he had a favorite, favorite formula for doing it. What was that . He kept the slaves fighting among themselves. [applause] but whenever the slaves get together, something happens in pharaohs court, and he cannot hold the slaves in slavery. When the slaves get together, thats the beginning of getting out of slavery. Dr. Martin luther king, april 3rd, 1968, the night before he was assassinated. Well come back to this speech in memphis, tennessee in a minute. [music break] nina simone singing why . the king of love is dead this is democracy now , democracynow. Org, the war and peace report. Im amy goodman, as we continue with dr. Kings speech the night before he was assassinated, april 3rd, 1968. It was a rainy night in memphis, tennessee. We arent going to let any mace stop us. We are masters in our Nonviolent Movement in disarming police forces; they dont know what to do. Ive seen them so often. I remember in birmingham, alabama, when we were in that majestic struggle there, we would move out of the 16th Street Baptist Church day after day; by the hundreds we would move out. And bull connor would tell them to send the dogs forth, and they did come. But we just went before the dogs singing, aint gonna let nobody turn me around. [applause] bull connor next would say, turn the fire hoses on. And as i said to you the other night, bull connor didnt know history. He knew a kind of physics that somehow didnt relate to the transphysics that we knew about. And that was the fact that there was a certain kind of fire that no water could put out. And we went before the fire hoses; we had known water. If we were baptist or some other denominations, we had been immersed. If we were methodist and some others, we had been sprinkled, but we knew water. That couldnt stop us. And we just went on before the dogs, and we would look at them; and wed go on before the water hoses, and we would look at it. And wed just go on singing, over my head i see freedom in the air. And then we would be thrown in the paddy wagons, and sometimes we were stacked in there like sardines in a can. And they would throw us in, and old bull would say, take em off, and they did. And we would just go on in the paddy wagon singing, we shall overcome. And every now and then wed get in jail, and wed see the jailers looking through the windows being moved by our prayers and being moved by our words and our songs. And there was a power there which bull connor couldnt adjust to, and so we ended up transforming bull into a steer, and we won our struggle in birmingham. Now, let me say, as i move to my conclusion, that weve got to give ourselves to this struggle until the end. Nothing would be more tragic than to stop at this point in memphis. Weve got to see it through. And when we have our march, you need to be there. If it means leaving work, if it means leaving school, be there. Be concerned about your brother. You may not be on strike. But either we go up together, or we go down together. Let us develop a kind of dangerous unselfishness. One day a man came to jesus, and he wanted to raise some questions about some vital matters of life. At points he wanted to trick jesus and show him that he knew a little more than jesus knew and throw him off base. Now, that question could have easily ended up in a philosophical and theological debate. But jesus immediately pulled that question from midair and placed it on the dangerous curve between jerusalem and jericho. And he talked about a certain man, who fell among thieves. You remember that a levite and a priest passed by on the other side. They didnt stop to help him. And finally a man of another race came by. He got down from his beast, decided not to be compassionate by proxy. But he got down with him, administered first aid and helped the man in need. Jesus ended up saying, this was the good man, this was the great man, because he had the capacity to project the i into the thou and to be concerned about his brother. Now, you know we use our imagination a great deal to try to determine why the priest and the levite didnt stop. At times we say they were busy going to a church meeting, an ecclesiastical gathering, and they had to get on down to jerusalem so they wouldnt be late for their meeting. At other times we would speculate that there was a religious law that one who was engaged in religious ceremonials was not to touch a human body 24 hours before the ceremony. And every now and then we begin to wonder whether maybe they were not going down to jerusalem or down to jericho, rather, to improvement association. Thats a possibility. Maybe they felt that it was better to deal with the problem from the causal root, rather than to get bogged down with an individual effect. But im going to tell you what my imagination tells me. Its possible that those men were afraid. You see, the jericho road is a dangerous road. I remember when mrs. King and i were first in jerusalem. We rented a car and drove from jerusalem down to jericho. And as soon as we got on that road, i said to my wife, i can see why jesus used this as the setting for his parable. Its a winding, meandering road. Its really conducive for ambushing. You start out in jerusalem, which is about 1,200 miles or rather 1,200 feet above sea level. And by the time you get down to jericho, 15 or 20 minutes later, youre about 2,200 feet below sea level. Thats a dangerous road. In the days of jesus it came to be known as the bloody pass. And you know, its possible that the priest and the levite looked over that man on the ground and wondered if the robbers were still around. Or its possible that they felt that the man on the ground was merely faking, and he was acting like he had been robbed and hurt, in order to seize them over there, lure them there for quick and easy seizure. And so the first question that the priest asked, the first question that the levite asked was, if i stop to help this man, what will happen to me . But then the Good Samaritan came by. And he reversed the question if i do not stop to help this man, what will happen to him . Thats the question before you tonight, not if i stop to help the sanitation workers, what will happen to my job . Not if i stop to help the sanitation workers, what will happen to all of the hours that i usually spend in my Office Every Day and every week as a pastor . The question is not if i stop to help this man in need, what will happen to me . The question is if i do not stop to help the sanitation workers, what will happen to them . Thats the question. You know, several years ago, i was in new york city autographing the first book that i had written. And while sitting there autographing books, a demented black woman came up. The only question i heard from her was are you Martin Luther king . And i was looking down writing, and i said, yes. And the next minute i felt something beating on my chest. Before i knew it, i had been stabbed by this demented woman. I was rushed to harlem hospital. It was a dark saturday afternoon. And that blade had gone through, and the xrays revealed that the tip of the blade was on the edge of my aorta, the main artery. And once thats punctured, youre drowned in your own blood; thats the end of you. It came out in the New York Times the next morning, that if i had merely sneezed, i would have died. Well, about four days later, they allowed me, after the operation, after my chest had been opened and the blade had been taken out, to move around in the wheelchair in the hospital. They allowed me to read some of the mail that came in, and from all over the states and the world, kind letters came in. I read a few, but one of them i will never forget. I had received one from the president and the vice president. Ive forgotten what those telegrams said. Id received a visit and a letter from the governor of new york, but ive forgotten what that letter said. But there was another letter that came from a little girl, a young girl who was a student at the white plains high school. And i looked at that letter, and ill never forget it. It said simply, dear dr. King, i am a ninthgrade student at the white plains high school. And she said, while it should not matter, i would like to mention that im a white girl. I read in the paper of your misfortune and of your suffering. And i read that if you had sneezed, you would have died. And im simply writing you to say that im so happy that you didnt sneeze. [applause] and i want to say tonight i want to say tonight that i too am happy that i didnt sneeze, because if i had sneezed, i wouldnt have been around here in 1960, when students all over the south started sitting in at lunch counters. And i knew that as they were sitting in, they were really standing up for the best in the American Dream and taking the whole nation back to those great wells of democracy which were dug deep by the Founding Fathers in the declaration of independence and the constitution. If i had sneezed, i wouldnt have been around here in 1961, when we decided to take a ride for freedom and ended segregation in interstate travel. If i had sneezed, i wouldnt have been around here in 1962, when negroes in albany, georgia, decided to straighten their backs up. And whenever men and women straighten their backs up, they are going somewhere, because a man cant ride your back unless it is bent. If i had sneezed [applause] if i had sneezed, i wouldnt have been here in 1963, when the black people of birmingham, alabama, aroused the conscience of this nation and brought into being the civil rights bill. If i had sneezed, i wouldnt have had a chance later that year, in august, to try to tell america about a dream that i had had. If i had sneezed, i wouldnt have been down in selma, alabama, to see the Great Movement there. If i had sneezed, i wouldnt have been in memphis to see a community rally around those brothers and sisters who are suffering. Im so happy that i didnt sneeze. And they were telling me now, it doesnt matter now. It really doesnt matter what happens now. I left atlanta this morning, and as we got started on the plane, there were six of us. The pilot said over the public address system, we are sorry for the delay, but we have dr. Martin luther king on the plane. And to be sure that all of the bags were checked and to be sure that nothing would be wrong on the plane, we had to check out everything carefully, and weve had the plane protected and guarded all night. And then i got into memphis. And some began to say the threats or talk about the threats that were out, of what would happen to me from some of our sick white brothers. Well, i dont know what will happen now. Weve got some difficult days ahead. But it really doesnt matter with me now, because ive been to the mountaintop. And i dont mind. Like anybody, i would like to live a long life. Longevity has its place. But im not concerned about that now. I just want to do gods will. And hes allowed me to go up to the mountain. And ive looked over. And ive seen the Promised Land. I may not get there with you. But i want you to know tonight that we, as a people, will get to the Promised Land and so im happy tonight. Im not worried about anything. Im not fearing any man mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the lord dr. Martin luther king. Within 24 hours, he would be dead, assassinated on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel april 4th, 1968. Today is the federal holiday that honors him. And that does it for todays program. If you would like to get a copy, you can go to democracynow. Org. Democracy now is looking for feedback from people who appreciate the closed captioning. Email your comments to outreach democracynow. Org or mail them to democracy now p. O. Box 693 new york, new york 10013. [captioning made possible by democracy now ]