Chronic disease. Gupta he has been called a genius, a showman, an innovator and a hypester, a doctor and entrepreneur who now wants to disrupt the conventional way we treat cancer. This is a cell thats actually gobbling up the cancer cell, so watch. So, heres the tcell gobbling it up. Theres the cancer cell and. Gupta thats amazing. So youre literally watching cancer cells die here . Correct. Whitaker the Violin Makers of cremona have used wood from the very same forests for hundreds of years. It is said stradivarius first discovered the acoustic qualities of these woods. The Violin Makers use compasses, hand saws, glue no nails. The tools are simple, the craftsmanship precise. 300 years were talking about and people still want to have a stradivarius. What is it . What is it . There is nothing like a fine italian sound. Im steve kroft. Im lesley stahl. Im morley safer. Im bob simon. Im Bill Whitaker. Im scott pelley. Those stories tonight on 60 minutes. 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There are over 1,000 ash pits or ponds dotting the nation, many of them old, poorly monitored, all but forgotten. But every few years, we are reminded that the status quo can lead to disaster, like the coal ash spill this past february into North Carolinas dan river at a power plant owned by duke energy, the biggest Utility Company in the country. The spill at dan river happened when a Drainage Pipe that ran underneath an ash basin and dam collapsed, sucking out six decades of waste and spewing gunk directly into the river. Lynn good it was an accident. It didnt work the way it should have worked. It did not meet our standards or our expectations. Stahl duke energy c. E. O. Lynn good, then only seven months on the job, had a crisis on her hands. How many tons of ash, do you know, went into the river . Good yes, we released between 30,000 and 39,000 tons of ash into the river. Stahl wow. Good we moved immediately to repair the pipe and also begin cleaning the river. And weve used this as an opportunity at duke to raise our standards even higher, of all of our basins to insure and confirm that they were operating safely. Stahl once the water spilled out of the basin, this is what was exposed canyons and ridges of industrial waste the size of 20 football fields, buried right by the river where people fish and swim and get their Drinking Water. But the accident at dan river wasnt the first time a coal ash pond collapsed. It happened to another company six years ago in kingston, tennessee. That spill was more than 100 times larger, smothering homes in toxic muck and choking up the river. After kingston in 2008, did duke raise its vigilance . Did you heighten. . Good yes. There were inspections that went on throughout the industry, certainly at duke, where all the basins were reviewed. Stahl actually, inspections had been going on for years, including this one in 1986 that duke itself paid for. It recommended quantitative monitoring of the very pipe that collapsed, saying it was expected to have less longevity. So that first report urging duke to watch that pipe was 30 years ago. But there were others 1996, 2001, 2006 advising you to keep watching that pipe, over and over. 2009, the e. P. A. Warned about the pipe. Good most of those. Stahl how could you neglect those . Good the results of those inspections indicated that we should monitor, and we were monitoring. And what we were looking for is that the pipe would leak before it failed. But it didnt fail in that way; it failed without leaking. Pat mccrory i dont think duke even knew what was underneath some of their dams and knew the structural issues. Stahl the spill infuriated pat mccrory, the probusiness republican governor of North Carolina. He knows duke well, having worked there for 29 years. How would you describe or rate dukes record on dealing with coal ash disposal . Mccrory well, actually, there has been no record regarding coal ash disposal. Stahl they havent done anything . Mccrory very little, very little. I think the records been quite poor. Because frankly, its been out of sight, out of mind. Good lesley, we have been generating electricity in this country from coal for decades. Stahl and that means coal ash. Good and that ash that has been produced has been stored in accordance with industry standards and practices for decades. Were at a period when the electric system and certainly dukes system is modernizing. Were adding natural gas, were adding renewables, and were closing some coal plants. Stahl fact is, duke closed the dan river plant in 2012, and that perplexed the governor. Mccrory when i heard about the dan river plant having a coal ash spill, my first reaction was, wait a minute. That plants been closed for years. Why are we having a spill at a plant thats not even open . Stahl thats because when they closed the plant, duke just left the ash pond where it was. In an unprecedented program, duke has closed half their coal ash plants in North Carolina in the last three years, blowing up one. After another. After another, as the company switches to natural gas. In all cases, they just left the coal ash ponds and basins behind. Frank holleman this is no way to store industrial waste in large quantities in such a primitive way. Stahl Frank Holleman, an attorney at the Southern Environmental law center, says it makes no sense to store coal ash, that usually contains toxins like arsenic, mercury, thallium, and cadmium, in basins right next to waterways. Holleman it doesnt take a Rocket Scientist to figure out, if you dig an earthen, unlined hole in the earth next to a river, and you put in it a substance that has toxic substances, that is going to leak into the groundwater. It doesnt take a genius to figure that out. Stahl your organization, you have been suing duke energy. Holleman thats correct. Well, what we have hoped is that we could convince duke to get the coal ash out of these unlined pits, move it to safe, lined, dry storage away from the waterway. Stahl thats what duke is already doing with most of its newly generated ash, trucking it to dry, lined landfills away from waterways, or sending it off for reuse as building material. But the companys big problem is what to do with the 100 million tons of old coal ash its accumulated in their 32 ponds in North Carolina some, like this one, up against peoples backyards where children play. Good lesley, were committing to closing all of the sites. Stahl when you say close, what do you mean by close . Good so, there are various methods that can be used to close. Certainly, excavating them to a lined landfill is one of the methods. Stahl that method would cost up to 8 billion. But duke is considering two other options lining the bottom and top of the ponds, but leaving the ash there, which would cost somewhat less, or least pricy at 2 billion cap in place, which means just covering the top of the pond. With no lining on the bottom . Good and typically, cap in place is not lined on the bottom. But we would not move forward with a cap in place unless we had a certainty that the water is safe. And so, thats where the science comes in. Thats where the study needs to be completed, so that we develop smart solutions. Stahl its called cap in place. Holleman cap in place. Stahl right. Now, would that satisfy your organization . Holleman no, it would not. An unlined pit next to a river, a lake, or a Drinking Water reservoir it stays wet. Only if you have a lining in it do you separate this industrial waste from the water table and the groundwater, so cap in place is only pollute in place. Stahl obviously, im not a scientist, but shouldnt you just say, okay, were going to line them all . Good id love to tell you there is a simple solution to this. Id love to tell you that ash. Stahl well, why isnt that a simple solution . Good . That ash that has been stored for decades can be solved quickly. We like quick answers. We like to pull our cell phone up and do research and get answers right away. But in order to do this right, we do need to do the study. We need to understand, what is the groundwater . Where is the groundwater . We need to understand the stability of the basin. We need to understand the soil type. I cannot immediately move 100 million tons of ash. Its not a response that makes any sense, doesnt make common sense. As much as id love to tell you theres a simple solution, its one that requires study, and its one that requires time to complete. Stahl but environmentalists say studying is code for stalling, because this problem isnt new. Duke has been conducting tests around their ash ponds for decades. And five years ago, when state regulators demanded to see the data, they found something alarming the coal ash ponds in all of dukes 14 plants were either leaking toxic chemicals into rivers and streams, or contaminating the groundwater. Good some of the readings that we have found are for elements like iron and manganese, which are naturally occurring. Stahl but nine of your plants have been found to have groundwater violations for contaminants including lead, sulfate, boron, chromium, thallium, selenium, and arsenic. Good so we have had exceedances. And when i said iron and manganese, lesley, i was talking about the majority of them. We have had instances of other readings, as well. Stahl well, im citing your own monitoring statistics, which do say that there have been hazardous chemicals that have entered the groundwater or surface water at all 14 plants, by your own admission. Good and what we have recommended, and will be moving forward with, and the state has recommended, is further assessments so that appropriate steps can be taken. Stahl laughs good so, lesley, i think. Stahl further assessments good i know, i think its important to understand this, and i. Stahl but even you have to throw your head back and say, further assessments . but these results go back years. And to say we need to study more, you know, is a very frustrating thing to have to hear, and im not even a citizen of North Carolina. Good we have very openly and transparently disclosed these results to work with the regulators to determine whether it really represents a risk. Stahl does dukes coal ash today pose any health risk at all . Good i believe our system is operating safely. Stahl but local environmentalists showed us leaks from several of dukes ash ponds, like this one at cape fear. This stream is like this, leaking coal ash into the river 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Stahl after we asked state officials about this particular leak, lab tests were done showing notably elevated concentrations of sulfate, aluminum, iron, manganese, boron, and strontium. The state says the leak doesnt impact the Overall Health of the river, but is illegal, a violation of the clean water act. Yet environmentalists like Frank Holleman say that, over the years, the state never forced duke to clean up its ash ponds, under both democratic and republican administrations. How powerful is duke energy in the state of North Carolina . Holleman its the most powerful entity in the state of North Carolina. It spends millions of dollars on political contributions, and it has traditionally had a very close relationship with the state regulators. Stahl just this year, governor mccrory cut the budget and staff of the specific department that inspects the ash ponds. The state legislature did pass a law in august requiring duke to clean up its plants, but only after the company had already volunteered to do that. Earlier, when holleman tried to sue duke, he was thwarted by the state, which stepped in and negotiated a settlement that allowed duke you guessed it more time to study, and imposed only a paltry fine. Tell everybody how much the fine was. Mccrory i dont have that list, but again. Stahl it was 99,111. Mccrory thats correct. Stahl which does not sound like a big fine. Mccrory it wasnt a big fine. Stahl all this has made federal prosecutors suspicious. They empanelled a grand jury to investigate whether duke or the regulators has done anything illegal to get the state to go easy on the company. Virtually every newspaper in the state of North Carolina came out with editorials claiming that duke was lax, and lawless, when it came to the environment, and acted like a bully with state regulators. Good i recognize that. I disagree with that characterization. Theres been. Its been a challenging time, a difficult time. Lots of voices weighing in. Certainly lots of scrutiny and criticism. Stahl but you must take this to heart, if theres so much of it, you know . Good of course we do. We take this very seriously. And were using this as an opportunity to raise our standards even higher, to ensure that our operations are safe. Its our highest priority at duke. Stahl later this month, the Environmental Protection agency is set to announce whether coal ash will be regulated by the federal government as hazardous waste, meaning potentially much tougher disposal rules and oversight. Cbs money watch update sponsored by lincoln financial. Calling all chief life officers. Glor good evening. North korea today called the hack at Sony Pictures a righteous deed but denied responsibility. B. P. Is looking the make job cuts and freeze projects due to plummeting oil prices, and new mexico this weekend fined the federal government 54 million over a Nuclear Radiation leak earlier this year. Im jeff glor, cbs news. If you have high blood sugar, ask your doctor about farxiga. Its a different kind of medicine that works by removing some sugar from your body. Along with diet and exercise, farxiga helps lower blood sugar in adults with type 2 diabetes. With one pill a day, farxiga helps lower your a1c. And, although its not a weightloss or bloodpressure drug, farxiga may help you lose weight and may even lower Blood Pressure when used with certain diabetes medicines. Do not take if allergic to farxiga or its ingredients. Symptoms of a serious allergic reaction include rash, swelling or difficulty breathing or swallowing. If you have any of these symptoms, stop taking farxiga and seek medical help right away. 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It was worth a shot. Office 365 plus 1 terabyte of Cloud Storage free for one year. Stahl now, cnns sanjay gupta on assignment for 60 minutes. Gupta cancer has outwitted scientists and doctors for decades. More than 1,500 people still die of the disease every day in this country. But scientists will tell you they have learned more about cancer in the last five years than ever before. And no one is more optimistic about what that will mean for patients than dr. Patrick soon shiong. Hes been called a genius, a showman, an innovator, and a hypester. Hes also the richest man in los angeles, a doctor and entrepreneur who is worth an estimated 11 billion. Soonshiong was a respected surgeon before making his name in the cancer world by developing a multibillion dollar drug that few initially thought would work. He now wants to disrupt the conventional way we treat cancer, and soonshiong is overflowing with ideas on how to do it. Patrick soonshiong that was what i call feed the tumor. Gupta give dr. Patrick soon shiong a white board and a few markers, and like a mad scientist, hell diagram how he thinks cancer can be beaten. He wants to attack on multiple fronts, and is confident there is a pathway to the cure. For 45 minutes, he outlined his vision from beginning to end. This is a crazy looking board. laughter soonshiong this is what goes on in my head, you know. This is, its like bursting. It just has to get this stuff out, right . Gupta are we looking inside your head . Soonshiong yeah, i think so, a little bit. Gupta how long before we get to here . Soonshiong im incredibly encouraged to say that we are on the path. And the technology to actually do all these things is not just hypothetical. Gupta technology is the main weapon soonshiong is deploying against cancer. In october, at his companys headquarters in los angeles, final tests were being run on highspeed tumor genome sequencing machines that soon shiong is convinced will unmask the molecular secrets to cancer. Soonshiong and for the first time, with this technology, we can watch it, catch it, outsmart it, and play chess at this multidimensional level. Gupta to understand the significance of what soonshiong is touting, its important to know what cancer is. Soonshiong a cancer is not what people think cells growing. Actually, cancer is actually the inability of the cells to die. Gupta the key is figuring out the genetic mutation or glitch that prevents cells from dying a natural death. Soonshiongs hope is to provide patients with the precise genetic mutations that fuel their cancer, regardless of where tumors are found in the body. Soonshiong the mutation that happens in lung cancer could be the exact same mutation that happens in the Breast Cancer. So you need to treat that patient based on its mutation, not on its physical, anatomical location. Gupta thats a big idea. I mean, you know, the idea that the Breast Cancer specialist, theyre looking for Breast Cancer mutations and they may be missing the ball. Soonshiong absolutely. Gupta a lung cancer drug could work on Breast Cancer, for instance, if the mutation is the same. The concept of doing away with labeling the disease by where its found is not unique to soonshiong, but it is a tectonic shift in the fight against cancer, the notion of classifying a cancer by its mutation. Soonshiong imagine reclassifying cancer, and having people conceive and understand that cancers a slew of rare diseases. So i am very excited, because we are going to create this revolution. Gupta and whats it going to mean . Soonshiong well, its going to mean you have a better shot at having a better outcome and having a quality of life and actually turn the cancer hopefully into a chronic disease. Gupta thats very optimistic. Realistic as well . Soonshiong i think so. Very much so. Gupta soonshiong has appointed himself to lead this revolution. Cancer genome sequencing is not new, but whats different about soonshiongs project is the scale. He has spent nearly a billion dollars of his own money to build a massive infrastructure, run by supercomputers, to find every single genetic mutation that could drive cancer. This is soonshiongs plan a patient, anywhere in the world, has his tumor biopsied. The tumor cells complete genetic map is then created all the way down to the proteins that are produced. What only recently took months can now be done in a day. Ultimately, personalized information for each cancer patient would show up in the palm of his hand. Soonshiong this is the baby. Gupta thats it, huh . Soonshiong itll be the worlds first browser of the cancer genome, so think about that. Youll be able to fly through to get to the single letter thats mutated. Gupta hes teamed with blackberry to produce a device that will identify for patients and doctors what they need to make more informed decisions. At the end of the day, someone has a tumor and they could find out the complete analysis of that tumor and what the perfect drug is to treat it . Soonshiong correct. Thats whats exciting. Its not the end of the day; this is what we think we can bring to the world now. Gupta but some in the cancer world fear soonshiong is getting ahead of himself, that hes declaring victory before any of this has been proven to work consistently. Derek raghavan its show me the money, show me the data. Show me that its true. Gupta dr. Derek raghavan, a renowned oncologist and researcher, is president of the Levine Cancer Institute in charlotte, North Carolina. Dr. Soonshiong says, look, if we can figure out which mutations are driving a cancer, were going to be better able to find the drugs that treat cancer. Is that a fair theory . Raghavan yes, thats a fair theory. But to say, i can throw a tumor into a gizmo, and that gizmo will tell me the answer in a few minutes, and everything will flow from that, i dont think were there now. I dont think well be there next year. I think theres just too much hard, complex science that has to be done before this is state of the art. But its a very cool idea for the future. Gupta the vast majority of mutations are actually not a threat. So to figure out which mutations are dangerous, soonshiong is going back in time. Soonshiong this national treasure. Gupta wow in the basement of the john wayne Cancer Institute in santa monica, california, decades of cancer tissues were stored by scientists in deepfreeze vats. Now, soonshiong wants to use technology that didnt exist back then to map the genomes of these thousands of tissues in order to look for critical patterns. So, even after a patient died, their samples were stored here. They can go back, say, oh, they had this mutation. And now, we can explain that this mutation actually leads to death, and other mutations may not. Soonshiong thats exactly right. And ask the question, why did this patient live and why did this patient die . Why did this treatment work . Why did that not work . Gupta to make any of this work, soonshiong believes you need to upend the way cancer drugs are developed. Hes started a Biotech Company to try to dramatically ramp up production. Soonshiong i know it sounds like an audacious goal, but you need to actually develop 20 to 30 drugs a year to actually get ahead of this game. Gupta right now, it takes a few years to create a single drug, and youre talking about 30 drugs in one year. Is that really feasible . Soonshiong i think thats where we have the challenge in the pharmaceutical industry. We actually need to change the way we actually develop drugs now. Gupta soonshiong is impatient with the pace of drug approvals. In the early 90s, he invented a drug called abraxane that treats pancreatic, lung, and Breast Cancer patients. But more than a decade passed before the f. D. A. Approved it. Soonshiong the problem is, for cancer, however, we dont have that time. You know, if you have pancreatic cancer, you have two months, if you have metastases throughout your body. The war against cancer is a war against time. Gupta soonshiong is also frustrated with what he calls the trial and error cycle of cancer care. Soonshiong the truth of the matter, we treat cancer today we guess. We take what we call the average results, put it in you, see if it works. If it doesnt work, oops, well try another drug. If it does work, we stop the drug. When you look back ten years from now, its almost barbaric. Gupta the 62yearold native of south africa can afford to be outspoken, because of his immense wealth. He doesnt need to rely on the government or big pharma for funding. Soonshiong is certain what he terms the dark age of Cancer Treatment is nearly over, and the enlightened age is about to begin. What will the average person note about the enlightened age versus the dark age . Soonshiong the treatment doesnt need to be painful. Metastasis doesnt need to be a death sentence. Cancer could be a chronic disease and treated towards the cure. Gupta while the oncology world may cringe when he boasts, as hes prone to do, patients see him differently. David roy the established community doesnt like false hope. But if you have a terminal disease, like i do, you want some hope. Gupta david roy was diagnosed two years ago with stage four metastatic pancreatic cancer. He was given four and a half months to live and told to settle his affairs. He called dr. Soonshiong, whom he had met on a plane years before. Soonshiong recommended a ucla oncologist who devised an unusual therapy that combined abraxane with other cancer drugs. Then, soonshiong had roys tumor genome sequenced. Based on those results, roy is now taking part in a Clinical Trial involving another front in Cancer Treatment. Soonshiong thats the t cell and thats the cancer cell. Gupta its called immunotherapy. Soonshiong is not the only one working on it, but he was anxious to show us why oncologists believe its a promising field a timelapse demonstration of how tcells, which our immune systems naturally produce, can attack cancer cells. Soonshiong this is a cell thats actually gobbling up the cancer cell. This cell will grow in size and this cell will decrease in size, so watch. So, heres the tcell gobbling it up. Theres the cancer cell and. Gupta thats amazing. So youre literally watching cancer cells die here . Soonshiong correct. Gupta if you find these t cells and youre able to isolate them, is the idea then, you know they could do the job, you could come out and grow them, proliferate them, and put them back in the body. Soonshiong exactly. Gupta even though its been two years now since david roys original diagnosis, hes realistic about his chances of survival. But hes convinced soonshiong and other scientists are on track to dramatically decrease cancer death rates in the not too distant future. Roy im not sure that itll happen fast enough for me, but i have every confidence that my children and grandchildren wont be concerned about the things that im concerned about. We are on the edge here of going from the oil lamp to electricity. And it is going to happen. Gupta soonshiongs most provocative idea, though, centers on how cancers may become metastatic. He believes chemotherapy works best when administered in frequent, low doses, and that in some cancers, the traditional method of blasting a tumor with heavy doses of chemotherapy may actually be counterproductive, because it could induce cancer cells to escape the hostile environment, enter the bloodstream, and find a new home. Its on the move. Soonshiong its on the move, and its looking for another place to land. So circulating tumor cells in the blood is the new frontier. Those are the circulating tumor cells. Gupta thats incredible. If cancer spreads, the likelihood of survival decreases dramatically. So before individual rogue cancer cells fan out and form new tumors, soonshiong wants to detect them with what are known as liquid biopsies. A persons blood sample is put through this biochip that separates normal blood cells from heavier, circulating tumor cells. This is a view inside the bio chip as the tumor cells are being funneled to the top. Soonshiong and if we can now monitor the cancer cell in the blood, we then have the path to getting this and winning this war. We never had those paths before. Gupta after pulling out the circulating tumor cells, scientists can take them back to the genome sequencer to look for new mutations that made them resistant to the initial treatment, and hopefully find a new drug to treat it. Its yet another angle soon shiong is taking to disrupt cancer. You got genomics. You have circulating tumor cell liquid biopsies. Death by tcell. Why are you the one taking all this on . I mean, these are lots of different types of things. Soonshiong you know, somebody once said to me, you know, patrick, youre all over the place. And i said, you have to be all over the place, because im trying to fight this war from all over the place. laughs because you cant. Theres no one single magic bullet. Welcome to the cbs sports update presented by pacific life. Im james brown with scores from around the nfl today. Pittsburgh scores 25 unanswered to tighten up the a. F. C. North. Andrew lucks lastminute touchdown pass rallies the colts. The saints offer their worst home loss ever under shawn peyton. Matthew stafford throws three scores as the lions roll. The rams toss backtoback shutouts since the First Time Since 1945. Arizona survives and ends a twogame skid. For more sports news and information, go to cbssports. Com. Pacific life has been than 145 years, providing solutions to help individuals like you achieve longterm financial security. Bring your vision for the future to life with pacific life. Talk to a Financial Advisor to help build and protect your retirement income. Pacific life. The power to help you succeed. How can i ease this pain . man when i cant go, its like rocks piling up. I wish i could find some relief. announcer ask your doctor about linzess a oncedaily capsule for adults with ibs with constipation or chronic idiopathic constipation. Linzess is thought to help calm painsensing nerves and accelerate bowel movements. It helps you proactively manage your symptoms. 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Its unlikely youve been to a place called cremona, a small city with a rich heritage. Its home to one of mankinds most glorious and coveted creations elegant, hand crafted stradivarius violins. Cremona was home to the master himself, antonio stradivari, who carved stringed instruments out of raw wood, and set the standard for a vibrant musical tradition that still flourishes today. Time seems to stand still in the small northern italian city of cremona. Its a quiet place, almost sleepy. It moves to the rhythms of pedals and pedestrians. But to understand the culture of cremona, you have to listen. Its believed the violin was invented here. To an audience of School Children in a cremona concert hall, ukrainian musician Anastasiya Petryshak plays a violin made 300 years ago by the most famous violin maker in history, antonio stradivari. He plied many would say perfected the craft of violin making in cremona in the 17th and 18th centuries. There are tributes to him all over town. The citys Violin Museum pays homage to stradivari and his magnificent creations. Paolo bodini and they are really our history. Whitaker paolo bodini, a doctor, the former mayor of cremona, and a director of the museum, took us on a tour of what he calls the treasure box. Whitaker so paolo, these four, all by stradivari . Bodini yes, were in the middle of the stradivari world. Whitaker you live with these all the time. Is it possible you have a favorite . Bodini i would say the 1715, thats my favorite, as far as the sound. Whitaker many of stradivaris 1,100 instruments have decayed or disappeared over the years, but a number that survived are in remarkable condition, and in great demand by musicians all over the world. Cremonas creations have been exported worldwide. Here at a stradfest in los angeles, an event almost as rare as the instruments, not one but several stradivarius violins on stage together. These worldclass violinists played second fiddle to the old master. applause cremona has brought many of stradivaris violins back home. There are older instruments from cremona here, too, some made by the guarneri family; and this one, made in 1566 by the man credited with inventing the violin, andrea amati. Now, this could be played today and would. And would still have that. Bodini yeah, this is. Whitaker . Exquisite sound . Bodini yeah. This one is sort of a deep sound. Whitaker to nurture that sound, these delicate old instruments must be handled, held, played every month or two. Theyre not just museum pieces. Bodini no, if you want to keep them in shape, you have to play it quite. I wont say quite often, but once in awhile. You know, they. They need to vibrate to. To be kept alive. Whitaker and when these exquisite, valuable instruments are taken from their cases to be played by Anastasiya Petryshak, they get armored cartype security. Its a measure of their timeless power and versatility. In anastasiyas hands, the 300 yearold strad is just as adept playing a serene passage from paganini. As a gypsy melody by a spanish composer. Itzhak perlman i dont need Something Better because there isnt Something Better. Whitaker itzhak perlman, one of todays most celebrated violinists, plays only a strad, though he has a more humble name for his, a fiddle. Perlman this fiddle is so amazing, i dont have to worry about it. Whitaker you call it the perfect violin . Perlman well, its the violin of my dreams, you know. If you want to play a pianissimo that is almost inaudible, and yet it carries through a hall that seats 3,000 people, there is your strad. Whitaker so describe the sound produced by this stradivarius. Perlman i can actually see the sound in my head. I can actually see it. It has. It has silk. God, its so difficult to. To describe. But each sound is different, so this one has that sparkle, there is a sparkle to the sound. Whitaker somebody said its just the cremona magic. Perlman could be. It could be the dna of the city. Whitaker in almost any other italian city, a medieval piazza and cathedral this magnificent would be crawling with foreign tourists, but cremona is off the beaten path. It doesnt draw many visitors. But dont mistake it for some charming music box time has forgotten. Cremona actually is a very international city, where the past and the present coexist quite harmoniously. Thousands of violins still are made here every year. There seem to be more violin shops than espresso shops in cremona; there are 150 of them. Stefano conia came here from hungary more than 40 years ago. Edgar russ moved from austria, and makes violins, violas and violincellos. Mathijs heyligers came from holland. He says he and all the other Violin Makers were drawn by cremonas history and tradition. Do you feel the old master when youre walking through these streets . Mathijs heyligers well, yes. Its a matter of realizing that the man who made all those incredible instruments that we are admiring every day and were listening at in the concert halls were made by a man that actually walked on the street here, because these streets havent changed. The houses havent changed. Whitaker neither has the way Mathijs Heyligers and the other craftsmen make their violins. About the only thing that has changed in the past 500 years workshops today have electric lights. The Violin Makers use compasses, hand saws, glue no nails. The tools are simple, the craftsmanship precise. This is the way stradivari did it . Heyligers yeah, 300 years ago, he was sitting in the same town, doing the same job. Whitaker the same way. Heyligers the same way, absolutely. I mean, no power tools, no. No big technology, you know . Whitaker how do you decide what piece of wood to use . Heyligers well, that is very much a matter of sound. You know, if you listen to this one, for instance, you can hear it. Whitaker what are you listening for . Heyligers thats the note this blade has, okay . Now, it has a kind of clear resonance note. This violin is going to have a clear sound. Whitaker can i hear . Heyligers its kind of high, but its. Its clear in color, not so dark. Whitaker the Violin Makers of cremona have used wood from the very same forests for hundreds of years maple from bosnia, and red spruce from this one valley in the italian dolomites. Its said stradivari first discovered the acoustic qualities of these woods. Now, visitors show up every year to honor the trees, and italy being italy, theres a violinist to play a concert not for the spectators, for the trees. Heyligers the material needs to be cut in the right place, but also the right way. We need to have the right moon and the right air humidity and the right wind when we cut the tree in the right season to make sure. Whitaker really . Heyligers absolutely. Whitaker is anyone today making violins as good as the old masters in cremona . Perlman i dont think so, but you know, i hope somebody proves me wrong. That will be great. Whitaker 300 years were talking about, and people still want to have a stradivarius. What is it . Perlman what is it . There is nothing like a fine italian sound. Whitaker thats the magic . Perlman yeah. Whitaker there are only about 650 of stradivaris creations still in existence. The old instruments from cremona are so rare and beautiful, theyve ignited a kind of feeding frenzy. Sothebys has this very rare stradivari viola up for sale and says its worth 45 million. No takers yet. But stradivari violins have fetched as much as 16 million, snapped up by collectors and investors. Could you afford your. Perlman no, no, no. Whitaker . Violin today . Perlman no, no, absolutely not. Whitaker would you ever sell your violin, your strad . Perlman right now, the way. The way it feels . Whitaker no . laughs perlman i dont think so, no. Whitaker musicians lucky enough to have an old cremonese instrument like to play them as often as possible. But being played decade after decade for centuries can be rough on old bodies and joints. Bruce carlson i wish it could talk. Whitaker Bruce Carlson, born in michigan, has been restoring violins in cremona for 40 years. He has to take them apart to fix them. Carlson once were all the way around, then we can slip the table off. Whitaker he did this to a stradivarius that literally had fallen apart in a violinists hands. What is that like to pry open a violin made by stradivari . Id be scared to death to try to open that thing. Carlson it may be Something Like a surgeon, you know, when he. When hes operating, cant think about. Too much about the human side of things as. As to just getting on with the business and doing it. Whitaker Bruce Carlson learned his craft at this school in cremona. Students from all over the world come here to learn to make violins in the way of the old masters. Chris kurz dropped out of penn state to study here. It took him a year to make his first instrument. What can you get in cremona that you couldnt get, say, if you studied at penn state or went to new york . Chris kurz i mean, like, i can walk down the street, and walk by three or four shops on my way to get a coffee. And the fact that i can bring my instrument along to any one of those people, and walk in and say, hey, maestro, do you have a minute or two to look at what im doing . And then, they give me their input. Whitaker its the city of violins . Kurz yeah, yeah, its. Its like living, breathing right here in cremona. Whitaker living, breathing here on the stage of the citys grand old hall, a 21st Century Chamber orchestra featuring a 300yearold stradivarius. Its a tradition, a sound, a gift from cremona. cheers and applause Mathijs Heyligers shows Bill Whitaker what modernday cremona craftsmanship can do. Go to 60minutesovertime. Com. Sponsored by lyrica. As terribl. My feet hurt so bad. It felt like hot pins and needles coming from the inside out of my skin. When i did go see the doctor, and he prescribed lyrica, it helped me. Its known that diabetes damages nerves. Lyrica is fdaapproved to treat diabetic nerve pain. Lyrica is not for everyone. It may cause serious allergic reactions, or suicidal thoughts or actions. Tell your doctor right away if you have these, new or worsening depression, or unusual changes in mood or behavior. Or swelling, trouble breathing, rash, hives, blisters, changes in eyesight including blurry vision, muscle pain with fever, tired feeling, or skin sores from diabetes. Common side effects are dizziness, sleepiness, weight gain and swelling of hands, legs and feet. Dont drink alcohol while taking lyrica. 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