Driving Oaxacan out of the oceans what we're seeing is that not only has the kind of oxygen quadruple in the last 50 years or so but also with look in the future scenario oxygen is still going to decline in the ocean we have reaction to the news that the jury has rejected a defamation suit against evil Musk over tweets calling a cave rescue a paedo guy obviously disappointed it appears that the jurors quite astonishingly thought that. Was not identified by a law mosque in his tweet also in the program. Through centuries but it's a journey of constant questioning of imposed by society and society is made by man the Vienna State Opera is staging an offer by a woman for the 1st time and it's 150 year history all here all money from the b.b.c. . B.b.c. News Hello I'm Gerri Smit scientists have warned that climate change and pollution are reducing oxygen in the oceans threatening fish species including tuna Mollen and sharks the researchers found that around $700.00 ocean sides are now suffering from no oxygen compared with $45.00 in the 1960 s. McGraw reports this study highlights the growing threat from climate change as the world warms around 90 percent of the excess heat goes into the oceans warmer waters holds less oxygen in tropical regions the losses range up to 40 percent of the dissolved gas in some locations the loss of oxygen tends to favor species like jellyfish but bigger fish like tuna who need more energy have to move to shallow waters where oxygen is more plentiful making them more vulnerable to overfishing the best solution say researchers is to halt nutrient run off and curb greenhouse gases fighters in Australia have warned that a huge fire about an hour's drive from the country's most populous city could take weeks to put out almost 100 followers continue to burn in the drought had state of New South Wales from Sydney his film a set some of these fires are absolute beasts that mega blaze is the result of 5 blazes combining to create a fire from about 60 kilometers long and the old fart is a may take weeks to finally get this fire under control and it may well take very heavy rain to finally extinguish these fires and the outlook for the Australian summer is sadly more draw I warm conditions ahead President Trump has called on the World Bank to stop loaning money to China in a tweet he said Beijing had plenty of its own money China is the world's 2nd largest economy bond because of its large population its per capita income is that of a developing country. Motors embattled prime minister Joseph most caught is due to have a private meeting with Pope Francis at the Vatican shortly despite demands for it to be called off 3 of Mr Ms cards colleagues have been questioned in connection with the murder of the investigative journalist Stephanie Cutter on a guillotine more than 2 years ago is your regional editor Mike Saunders They can scarcely be a Roman Catholic politician more in need of an audience with Pope Francis than Joseph Muscat right now his former chief of staff Keith has been implicated in court by one of multis top businessmen New York and Fenech both deny involvement in the car bombing that stopped Daphne kero on a probing high level corruption 2 other colleagues are also under scrutiny Mr must get has denied obstructing the police inquiry but campaigners say he doesn't deserve papal Grace Mr Muscat has promised to resign in January when his Labor Party finds a successor Well the news from the b.b.c. . One of the world's most popular discussion websites read it says it believes that counselling to Russia were involved in the Lakers sensitive don't commence detailing trade talks between the United States and Britain the dossier was seized upon by the opposition Labor Party and its general election campaign it said the papers show the prime minister bars Johnson was willing to put the National Health Service up for sale which he denies. There are fears for the lives of 4 South Africa miners who became trapped underground after a trauma caused a rock fall on Friday a 5th person was rescued from the Atallah qual mine which is southwest of Johannesburg Africa regional editor Will Ross reports South Africa's National Union of Mineworkers says the rescue team has lost contact with the 4 trapped men there several kilometers on the ground where ventilation is poor and temperatures are extremely high the last message they sent was a desperate plea for oxygen due to the dangerous conditions in the gold mine officials suggest it could still take days to reach them the South African government has been under pressure to improve the safety of miners last year 81 people died in the country's mines the Kenyan president's office says police were among 8 people who were killed when a bus was ambushed close to the border with Somalia on Friday evening the jihad his group al-Shabaab said it carried out the attack between legit and mend it said security agents and government employees were amongst 10 people killed witnesses said the attackers shot all the victims outside the bus at close range they Iraqi army says it will deploy in the center of Baghdad to protect antigovernment protesters after unidentified gunmen killed at least 19 of them late on Friday the armed men targeted a large building that the demonstrators had been using as a base the protesters were forced out and shots were fired b.b.c. News. Alone Jackie learned and you're listening to the news room from the b.b.c. World Service the delicate balance of life in the world's oceans is threatened by loss of oxygen that's the conclusion of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature a campaign group with observer status at the u.n. The group says the number of ocean sites with low oxygen levels has risen from 4500 for century ago so if a 700 they presented their findings at the u.n. Climate conference in Madrid then aps is a member of the group we've known about the phenomena oxygenation but we haven't known that the linkages to climate change and this is really really worrying because what we're seeing is that not only has the decline of oxygen Drupal in the last 50 years or so but also with look in the future scenario oxygen is still dark going to decline in the ocean our environment correspondent not McGraw is at the conference in Madrid and joins us now so Matt What does a loss of oxygen actually mean one of the effects on marine life. It's like quite a complicated mix of things Jacki what the scientists here from the i.u.c.n. Are saying is that we've known about the impacts on the oceans of nutrient runoff it's called the use of fresh lies on farms sewage and things like that they when they flow into the seas they cause oxygen die off because they cause alligator Bloom the algae die in their decomposed by bacteria and that takes the oxygen out of the waters that's been known about for decades it's been a big problem for decades what they're saying is compounding this is now the issue of climate change that as the world warms as we put more carbon dioxide in the air the world gets hotter and offload that he goes into the oceans they act as a kind of a buffer for the rest of the planet but it's changing the nature of the waters making them warmer they hold less oxygen the water's makes a colder waters less easily as well so they're saying that this is what's happening now it's expanding over the last number of years and is causing a number of problems. Particularly for big fish species like to now Marlin sharks who depend on oxygen rich waters they're having to move to waters that where there is more oxygen which tend to be shallower and those waters make them more vulnerable to be caught and. By fisherman is there any remedy to this than what can be done about it. The scientists are presented to feed their findings here for a particular reason because they believe that the it needs to inform the debate about causing climate to the greater climate problem of cutting carbon across the planet where they brought those the findings here they say there are a number of things yes cutting emissions is one thing they need to people need to restore the waters and restore sea areas and to not fish so much to cut overfishing and to cut out on the sea the use of fertilizers and farms and to have the money that is the All those are steps that can be taken but they say the big challenge the one coming up is the climate challenge and that is has to be addressed on a global level which is what they're saying to the scientists the politicians and negotiators here to try and get them to take more ambition in their pledges to cut carbon over the next week thank You that was my girl who is our environment correspondent and he's at that conference in the trade the Internet message form Reddit says it believes Russia is linked to a leak of sensitive trade don't commence which were used by the British opposition Labor Party during the general election campaign the paper seemed to show that the National Health Service would be included from the. U.s. Trade talks after Britain leaves the e.u. It's been denied by the prime minister Boris Johnson Well security correspondent Gordon Corera has been following this story it is a complicated story because what appears to have happened is that a user on the Read it for him on the Internet was trying to promote these documents wipes specific documents about u.s. U.k. Trade talks a month or 2 ago and they were pushing this document to people including prominent people including journalists to try and. Do something with it now that account has been linked in some way to Russia it was already said it was behaving in a similar way to accounts linked to Russia in previous campaigns and it's believed that that account was linked to Russia now what is complicated about this story is that that account was pretty much ignored by everyone at the time and separately a campaign group got hold of a copy of the trade talks document which was redacted which means part of it being censored and gave that to the Labor party who then used it then after that the Labor Party was sent it appears all the campaign group was sent the version that was circulating on the Internet which they then used so you can already see it's quite a complicated story and what's particularly complicated about is that still no one knows where the documents come from so they are believed to be authentic but no one is quite sure whether they were hacked whether someone leaked them and then a account linked to Russia saw this and started to promote them so there's still quite a lot which remains murky about this but certainly it has raised that question about Russian interference potentially in the u.k. Election and there's also the matter of a government report into Russian interference which has not been published exact and I think that's what if you like feeds the story is the context that when the election was called The government said that meant it couldn't release a report to Parliament because Parliament rose as the election was called which looked at this question of Russian interference and opposition politicians and others have accused the government of trying to hide something and the government said it was merely part of normal process and that it couldn't release the report to parliament but there has been this question already swirling about could there be Russian interference what might that look like so at the start of the campaign the questions were really for the Conservative government about this report now the question is about labor and about the provenance of this document they of course of said well it's an authentic dock. You meant it was in the public interest that it gets out there so it'll be interesting to see how that feeds into the campaign but it just shows how these days the specter of Russian interference whether true or imagined or how extensive being unclear really does haunt many more campaigns in that used to in the past that was a security correspondent Golden Corral a jury in California has found the billionaire Elan mosque did not defame clay cave explorer by calling him a Peta guy Vernon on's was had masterminded the rescue of 12 time boys and their football coach last year our correspondent in Los Angeles David Willis told us more about the case stemmed from a very public quarrel between a lone mosque and Vernon uns worthless runs worth is a British caver who helped coordinate that rescue of 12 boys and their soccer coach from a flooded cave in Thailand in the summer of last year and in an interview with c.n.n. Mr Owens was scorned it on Musk's offer of a mini submarine to rescue the boys calling that move a p.r. Stunt he urged Mr Musk to in his words stick his submarine where it hurts Mr Musk responded 2 days later on Twitter with posts that form the basis of the defamation case against him the 1st question to Mr Owens was role in the rescue the 2nd said and I quote Sorry Peter guy you really did ask for it and Mr Owens was lawyer labelled billionaire bully he said that with the Peto guy tweet Mr Moss could drop what he called a nuclear bomb on Vernon's worth in the sense that this was a slow the word overshadow Mr Owens was relationships and his job prospects 3 years to come and he urged the jury to teach a lesson by awarding damages of around 190000000 dollars The jury thought otherwise Mark Stephens he was part of Mr Owens was legal team gave his react. Actions of the verdict obviously disappointed with the verdict it was I think to move verdicts what we had as we have now had the opportunity as you do in California to. Have some of the jurors in interviewed we now understand why the verdict was the way it was and it appears that the jurors quite astonishingly thought that the norms with was not identified by you know Mosque in his tweets out of calls you know there are millions of people who around the room around the world who knew he was referring to the nuns with who will go slack jawed and astonished at that particular allegation entire population of the u.k. The entire population of Thailand a many other places besides Stevens a lawyer for the cave explorer the on and on is worth you know listening to the news room on the b.b.c. World Service and Jerry has the headlines scientists have warned that climate change and pollution the driving oxygen out of the oceans adding to the threat to marine life Australian foreign fighters say it may take weeks to extinguish a huge blaze outside Sydney which covers a bigger area than the city itself and President Trump says the World Bank should stop lending to China yes let's get more on that now in a tweet Donald Trump said that the w t o loans should cease as Beijing said it had plenty of money of its own Asia Pacific Michael Bristow has been following the story and is here in the studio so festival make you want to actually is Donald Trump is he with the World Bank loans to China well this tweet from Donald Trump doesn't come out of nowhere just a couple of days ago the World Bank laid out its plans for its loans to China over the next 5 years each year it's going to loan between $1000000001.00 n $100000000000.00 and that's what's led to presidential tweeting sensually says Why. Should such a rich country like China be getting World Bank loans in just to give you an idea of how rich it is China's economy every year is worth about 16 so about 14 trillion dollars. In comparison the Us is 20 trillion dollars So you can see that China is a very rich country and President might have said something that other people might also think So what has the World Bank had to say in response it say it acknowledges that China is a very rich country but it points out that it also has of a large population and when you take that into account its per capita g.d.p. Is very small about the level of a developing country also it says that there are significant and substantial pockets of economic deprivation under development within China at this a big difference between rural and city life in China has a lot of problems with the environment those kind of things which need solving in the years to come although it does say that its loans are going to decrease to the point eventually that they will end presumably it has already was drawn funding from one program is. This is something entirely different different and this is political in 2015 the $50000000.00 to a project this is a territory in the far west of China to fund vocational training colleges and now over the last year or so it's been revealed that part that China's perhaps detained a 1000000 people in what it calls vocational and training colleges and the was a suggestion that this money was being used to fund this repression in sin John the World Bank has said it's check that last month the world back said it had checked these money hadn't been used in any repression but nevertheless in. It was we joined that money and he thank You that was an Asia Pacific editor Michael Bristow to South Africa next whether a grave concerns for 4 miners trapped underground after a trauma caused a rock fall near Johannesburg on Africa editor will roll says following this story and he's here in the newsroom studio just talk us through what happened well list started on Friday as you say a tremor causing the rock for we understand the miners there were originally 5 trapped underground one was rescued on Friday and was airlifted to a hospital but we understand there are several kilometers on the ground some of the South Africa mines are extremely deep where conditions are difficult not only just the heat but also the lack of oxygen and what the author it is a saying is that around dawn the small warning they lost contact with the 4 miners who were trapped in the last message they sent was was basically a plea for oxygen say saying that they were suffocating the miners in South Africa really are known for having a very poor safety record on how they improving at all what's going on date there has been some improvement over the last couple of years the government has been under a lot of pressure to to increase the safety of the mines across the country in the the unions have been particularly vocal in South Africa saying that some of the companies are putting profits above safety of the people who are working under water pretty difficult conditions but we understand the authorities say that 81 mine is died last year and that's certainly down on the figures from say 3 or 4 years ago but you know it is still 81 lives lost deep underground in these mines and the mine unions still very angry the safety record is not the. Improve on this will thank you that was Will Ross on Africa and those 4 miners remain trapped on the ground. And Indian woman who was set on fire on her way to testify against her alleged rapists has died from her injuries she was attacked on Thursday who she was walking to court Indian police say 5 men including the alleged rapists have been arrested my colleague Rosemary main spoke to project Guildea and this was a 23 year old woman who was on her way to a rape case hearing in the northern state off with the predation a case that she had filed against 2 men in March this year and 5 men including 2 of her alleged rapists have been invested on suspicion of setting her on fire according to the police she was reportedly on her way to a train station when she was dragged by the accused men to a nearby field and set on fire she sustained 90 percent injuries according to the police and died late last night in a daily hospital where she had been filling in for treatment on Thursday and this case is sparks outrage in India it has indeed the victim's sister has now told the b.b.c. That she expects nothing less than the death penalty for the accused and that her family will continue to fight for justice and courts and remember this comes after this case of a 27 year old woman who was attacked in the southern city of Hydrabad and also set on fire by a group of men and protests the head across the country off to her remains were found following the disappearance and just yesterday news came in that Indian police had shot dead 4 men suspected of doing that crime and again leading to live a new debate in India about crimes against women about sexual violence and attitudes towards women which people are debating and how justice is being meted out with the we should big. Going and doing these extrajudicial killings which they are being suspected of now but in the mean by yes anger and introspection among Indians. Now Jerry has some of the other stories from the author of his in the USA They're continuing to investigate the motives of a Saudi government and who shot dead 3 people at a military base in Florida the Air Force trainee who was killed during the attack had been receiving training in the u.s. a Group that monitors Jihad is media site says the gunman had described America as a nation of evil and a manifesto on Twitter bought an f.b.i. Spokeswoman Rachel Rowe has refused to confirm the report we are not prepared at this hour to confirm what may have motivated. The shooter to commit this horrific act today. There are many reports circulating. But the f.b.i. Deals only in facts and this is still very much an active and ongoing investigation surgeons in Serbia have performed a 6 operation to transplant a testicle from a man to his twin brother who was born without any the surgery was intended to give the recipient to more stable levels of the male hormone testosterone than injections could provide and enable him to father children you know operation was only the 3rd known transplant of this type the 1st 2 were performed 40 years ago in St Louis also fraud tentacled twins doctors say the surgery may have broader applications for transgender people accident victims wounded soldiers and kinds of patients. And award winning American actor Ron Lieberman famed for playing Rachel Green's overbearing dad in the said calm friends has died at the age of $82.00 Leven an Emmy Awards in 1979 for the series cans which he created an attorney award for Tony Kushner's play Angels in America he appeared in numerous films including Norma Rae and Slaughterhouse 5 the fall of the Libyan president Evo Morales has traveled from Mexico to Cuba where he's been granted political asylum Mr Mollett resigned last month following protest over disputed election there is speculation he may choose to travel on to Bolivia as neighbor Argentina welcomed reports it has barely been a month since ever more that has resigned as president of Bolivia at the request of the military and fled to Mexico in exile the Mexican government granted him political asylum but he's already on the move once more early on Friday he travel to Cuba it was confirmed by a spokesman of the Mexican foreign ministry well that there's been no word from the Cuban government this stage the trip is said to be temporary with one of his ex ministers who is with him confirming that it was partly for a medical check up to see the same team of Cuban doctors who treated him in the palm However there's some speculation that he may choose to return to South America rather than go back to Mexico City the new president of Argentina better to finance this is due to take office in the coming days and would likely grant Mr Moore that is a sign him as a left wing and I in Argentina he would be in a neighboring nation to believe you should he opt to try to return at some point several members of the interim government in the past have said that Mr Moore that is would face criminal charges if he steps back into Bolivia However he says he was forced out in a coup and sees no reason why he shouldn't return to his country if the Socialist Party faithful call for him to do so will grant one of the world's most famous opera houses the view. State Opera is staging an opera by woman for the 1st time in its 150 year history the Austrian composer Olga noir bit has written an opera based on the new will snow fall on Monday but any bell reports. The singer take in see who plays Amanda looks on stage wearing a brilliant red dress by the designer of a cow of come to. The character of old man don't he did 6 centuries begins as a man in Elizabeth in England changes into a woman the composer Oh the night it says androgyny and the rejection of gender stereotypes has inspired her ever since she 1st read Virginia will snuffle as a teenager not only as a journey through centuries but it's a journey of constant questioning of imposed norms by society and society is made by men so for all of us should be assumed both of freedom humanity and of freedom of opinion in a very playful and ironic way which I like so much you all of the 1st female composer to have a work premiered here the Vienna State Opera How does that feel I mean it feels a little bit strange because one has to consider 150 years it's a long time but as always it is never too late it's good for the definably have thought about that it would be a good thing if you're diverse there has to be a 2nd and the 3rd and so on and so on so it's always good to have a starting point I'm in rehearsal for a land at the Vienna State House. And I'll stay and see slides saying sexual freedom equal pay for pictures of wars and disasters during the 20th century and up into the 21st century as the story has been updated and musically this piece reflects the in the tween ness. The story of a band day as well as the classical on stage there is and then that trip guitarist and drum kit I. Did the transgender and trends are autist Justin Vivienne bond he plays the role of old and as child this opera has a personal significance conceptually and the legacy of what the novel Orlando began to express about gender and transgression and about you know the difference between what it's actually like to be a man or woman if indeed there is that much of it to friends and since I'm a non-binary person who's trans famine and I guess you could say. Happily stepping into a moment and I guess I'm the sort of representation of where we've come I. I I. Just in the Vivian ending that report from Bethany Bell in Vienna and then we end this edition of The Newsroom from the b.b.c. In London for me Jackie Bennett and the rest of the team thanks for this. Distribution of the b.b.c. World Service of the Us was made possible by American Public Media producer of this tribute or of award winning public radio content a.p.m. American Public Media with support from Fidelity Investments taking a personalized approach to helping clients grow preserve and manage their wealth more and more at fidelity dot com slash wealth fidelity brokerage services l.l.c. . On the b.b.c. . Just a few minutes fresh leaves in red round kangaroo was a little like swishing and swirling and spinning really lingers but with a little bit of weight I'm Thomason forward on the future. Demystifying the world of wine we 3 so many A's finding out how much they should eat drink and whether they can succeed in the ultimate taste test after the nice. B.b.c. News where Jerry's made so. Many species of fish are vulnerable to the combined threats of climate change and nutrients pollution around $700.00 Oceanside So now suffering from low oxygen levels firefighters in Australia have won the day huge fall about an hour's drive from Sydney could take weeks to put out the mega blaze stretches for 60 kilometers President Trump has called on the World Bank to stop loaning money to China in a tweet he said Beijing had plenty of inter money the World Bank has just approved a plan to lend Beijing more than $1000000000.00 annually over the next 5 years u.s. Officials say negotiators have rejoined talks with the Afghan Taliban in Doha the negotiations comes 3 months after President Trump abruptly halted the dialogue aimed at ending America's longest war. Japan's news agency says it has seen don't commends that gave previously unknown details about brothels run by the Japanese army during the 2nd World War and wonders bad shape Japanese consul in Chinese occupied territory requests one prostitute for every 70 soldiers. There are affairs for the lives of 4 South Africa miners who became trapped underground after a tremor caused a rock fall on Friday a 5th person was rescued from the talent that quelled mine which is southwest of Johannesburg for several 100 demonstrators have marched in the Belorussian capital men's can protest of what they see as government moves towards closer ties with Russia President Alexander look at shank is meeting President Putin the Russian Black Sea resort of Sochi to sign protocols. And Motors embattled prime minister Joseph must cut his due to meet Pope Francis at the Vatican shortly to despite protests against the meeting Mr Ms Cox denies obstructing the police inquiry into the murder of a journalist in 2017 b.b.c. News. And welcome to the feature from the b.b.c. . I'm Thomas in food on the programs this week. Fresh. Red Kangaroo. With a little like. Swishing and swirling and spitting. Really lingers but with a little bit away. Can feast I don't blame me it's easy to be baffled by some of the words you used to describe why if you're like me and your wine vocab doesn't stretch much beyond red white and wet and it can also be eligible intimidating wine buffs can often seem like members of a stuffy exclusive and mysterious club. But this week we going to try to demystify that world with 3 so many ways people have made curry is out of studying tasting and caring for wines My name is. Based in Gothenburg on the west coast of Sweden working in a classic one star Michelin restaurant called tosh. And I also been competing for the last couple of years and one Swedish ships in 2018 and. Originally from. Live in London working for Phil Howard at Edison St He's Michelin star My name is from a master someone based in Chicago Illinois originally from Guatemala but moved here 18 years ago I am the education director for a wine importer and distributor called Tenzing wine and spirits will hear how much wine they actually drink what it's like dealing with can. Only ignorant or sometimes Harrigan customers and whether there's any rivalry between a restaurant's head Similarly a and its head chef will also put them to a special blind taste test. Let's start with you because you are a mall submitted a photo that actually me. A master sommelier a is basically an expert wine drinker. And it's history only $260.00 people have ever again the title it's been called one of the most difficult exams in the world and maybe has a 3 percent pass rate and it has different levels of it starting with the introductory sort of fide advance and then uncontrollable sobbing is that if you can get through the entire program and it's something that I found interesting is I was already working with wine I was already working as a some way and I and I thought Ok maybe this will help me become a better professional so with only a 3 percent pos rate can I ask you how many times you have to do the exams when you get to the master exam and it's sort of invite only maybe 50 people 60 people or are in this exam and only in his history I think that 20 people have passed on the 1st go Don't tell me 0 $1.00 of them found out today oh no I was you know that that's called the crew Cup sponsored by champagne accrued if you pass all 3 parts the tasting the theory and the service in one year and that's incredible to do I It took me 4 attempts so 3 years I passed the theory and service the 1st year and I took the tasting 3 times it didn't pass and I had to start over retake the other 2 parts in my 4th year I got. You know the Bud Light cup if you kind of you just that was 10 years ago to celebrate the 10th anniversary of passing it and congratulations Yes thank you solutions to has this incredible Sahara Ticky 3 attempts to pass the tasting that should not I mean I can't quite get my head around that that means a loss of a lot of takes stay consistent and it was thousands of tasting notes and we basically have a panel of judges that's in front of you you have to. Any 5 minutes 6 wines 3 white 3 reds you can see the ones you can smell and taste them but you have to identify the grape country the region the quality level and then the year that the grapes are harvested so it could be wine from anywhere from any year any quality it really comes down to like educated guesses. Like try that a duck differently you know it's not like one of his business actions people just believe you've tried every single one and that you're going to recognize it as opposed to she says they're breaking it down in a very methodical sort of way right so you can do you have hopes of becoming a Martha many of them. I would like to I don't think I have quite the accu been for it under friends that used to study an hour or 2 hours before work they would do blind tastings on their sort of like in the afternoons and then they would be sort of out the door kind of rushing home to get sleep because they're there tired to get up and do it all again the next day I would end it and then they say Oh. Yeah it was it's the same thing we are doing when we are competing I would say like one to 2 hours a day would be a minimum for me around and then when you come into the busier season when you're closing up on the championship or something like that that can easily be 4 or 5 hours you know and there are many great things we did how did you get into being is really a. Well we do have a small one production but it's definitely something that's we have our brightest years in front of us and for me it was basically that I liked the flavor of wine I being interested in that for a long time now I wanted to explain restaurant and I compliment the debt with somebody else at the university and then I continued on with some of the school and I started to compete one thing led to another and now I realize that I've been in the business for a couple of years and let's talk about the mechanics of the job. Cameron What does this actually do give us an idea of your day to day activities at the restaurant. My job is far less glamorous I guess than most people expect of someone who has to indulge in drinking constantly rive in the morning and it check off deliveries unpacked boxes make sure that all the glassware is polished appropriately go through the physical wine lists and make sure that they're spotless and then it's sort of e-mails invoicing processing you've got to do a little bit of the admin side of the job I mean you've got to be a little bit an accountant Hopefully you're somewhat charming enough to sort of figure out impress before you talk to them it's not all about flying around the world tasting wine I wish it was. Really really not your day to day is much more sort of blue color and then when you can you want to open a book and trying to study as much as you can but I think most of the work in restaurants really get awful and big in service it's hostile and also in the high energy in the atmosphere there's always drove me to work in restaurants and how much tasting then do you do every day I would taste every wine that we serve before we serve it on a given day I'm tasting $50.00 to $100.00 wines on top of that I'll go to produce the tastings or regional tastings normally once a week and that's just the business side of it if I was studying I would be doing like massively focused things I want to about you and how much tasting does your week involve I would say it's basically the same as Cameron as he said we taste everything that we serve we need to be able to see the wine is correct we also need to see if it's needs any handling in form of like temperature or the contact already ation or saw how many are actually drinking it or are you swishing is around your mouth and you know we don't we are aware swishing and swirling and spitting It's very classic right there. Yeah very early it's also like people are maybe a little bit surprised how little wine we actually cream cake I would say that I have probably a lesser consumption of just enjoying and drinking wine than the normal sweet but I had even at 9 am you have tasting sessions and think this time that started a really. Yeah you need to squeeze it in whatever possible because you start to working in the afternoon or after lunch you you need to do your tastings in the morning your palate fresh what's more important the food or the wind is m.r. I know in your restaurant the wine takes precedence doesn't it the custom my 1st and then the faith is that right that what we do have a opportunity to do that tonight just encourage people to actually order this because it's so fun to work with and it's so personalized for the guests and that's basically that you can pick anything from the wine list tell us how many courses you would like with it and we go to the kitchen and prepare something based on the wines you have chosen so is there much rivalry between the head from l.a. And the head chef as to you know what's more important to people coming here to drink your great wines or are they coming here to eat their great read. I think that the 1st thing people need to know about a working restaurant business today especially in Sweden is that everyone is a very friendly and humble we are nothing like a screaming crowd with a lot of prestige between each other we are a team together we're going to be tasting some wine in a moment but 1st Finn and that scares she a because as a moth to so many a does that mean you are a bowl full of they see now you're not doing the admin Cameron just been talking about us and cleaning the wine list to people actually come see you you know that that celebrity I guess now you know I think that is certainly an image that we don't want to portray Let's. Pass the exam you celebrate with a beer you wake up you go back to work and I worked before and I did all the things that Cameron said to and you're there on the floor on your feet recommending wines to guess and that's what our real passion is I started very young like I my both my parents own restaurants and so I I was always working in the kitchen or washing dishes or serving or hosting and when I went to college I went to do a hotel school and during that hotel school they make you work in your summers and after a while you like I need better hours so what I do know is I became an importer so I still get to work with wine a utilize my experience and my trade contacts to help bring in you know pallets of wine and then sell it to Chicago's younger someway community and and I still educate people so I don't stop learning but what I really do love is this doing these wine dinners with consumers and still working with the chef just glad that it's one day every other week not like these guys every single day in a 17 hour days in it and presumably as in most a similar way your name because they have also a few of you in the Will Siggy you have people coming to you if a restaurant picks you for an event presumably And if the queue just of the restaurant is on the. Doors it's slightly opened as I've become invited to judge competitions or to sit on panels and do seminars and tastings or consult a little bit does help from endo always allowed to be a bit Frank about money I've read on law in my office many days get more than $200000.00 is that the sort of money we're talking about when we get to a level the average is a little less than that but a restaurant can only sustain a certain salary amongst their service team right and unless you become a partner even the general manager may not make that so that's where you take all your experience and then you can get hired into maybe a bigger role with more responsibilities and run 15 restaurants or you want to move to work in Las Vegas and a casino in its $100000000.00 and you're selling $3040000000.00 a line they can afford your your salary if you decide to stay in a restaurant with $100.00 seats where you're never going to get that $200000.00 or so and can't see a camera is just smiling then when he talks about the amount of money you're making Emma is this a massive jump from being a cement a to a a mosque to cement a in terms of your style of life and and. I would say like if you are going to stay at the floor and working in small restaurants no you will not get rich by this but I live a very reach to life. But you do not go down this road to earn a lot of money. You are listening to the food chain from the b.b.c. Both have a sweet may Thomas in forward this week we've brought together 3 so many ace who are trying to demystify the world of wine lists customers like me Fernand a potato is a must is the many from Chicago in the us. Emmons Eamon is from Gotham back Sweden and Cameron works at a restaurant in London. So we've heard about the training the tasting and the potential financial rewards but how good are the similarities really I'm going to give them one of their toughest taste tests yet. I've asked Cameron to imagine I've jest waltz into his restaurant I'm sitting at my table deciding what fear to order and then he arrives to ask what I'd like to choose from a menu I'm much less comfortable with have a look or so in particular did you want to start with a little aperitif cluster champagne Let's go straight for the wine certainly we're looking for something particular to do. And again for inspiration possibly a red yes sure you know what you normally like to drink is there you prefer Pina. Judging French Is there a preference sometimes we have the honesty of the and we do know much about wine sure that's fair enough do you want something that's kind of going to be richer and rounder and plus you're more fruit lead would you like things that a lighter and kind of pretty more delicate not sure what you mean about round a lot fans of light. What I mean we we are on the Focus the bit on Burgundy if you'd like we have quite a station of peanuts that we stop for that because I have a question here please now when someone does say that she and it's very obvious they don't know anything about why not and actually I'm not an expert so why does it tell you off do you judge your customer does it make you think I'll give that table more of my time because they've got more interest in a more knowledge of the wine I mean for me and that little. Thing. One of the things that makes me love being a Somali Aries is seeing people gets have that kind of whether it's the 1st taste or like throughout their meal just being so excited about what they're drinking and sometimes that's really difficult with like wine connoisseurs and if we actually know what they like Lady could there is a loss of stuffiness abound wine and as someone who doesn't really know much about it I do fit intimidated Cameron did a great job though when I'm listening to him ask questions to kind of gauge your knowledge without being pretentious so you know he's seen mention something that I thought you were going to and that it's a piano and the common question is What do you like and if you have an answer and say oh I drink domain deliveryman and Conti and then like oh my God I know you want a $5000.00 bottle of wine if you say something oh well I have a bottle of wine was a little like Ping went on there a kangaroo and I like labels with animals on there and then smile and then you know you would if you know you might like Ok I have ones and you can go break Ok break it down read you like bread and he said round and if you if you don't understand what round is he might say something like fuller or more body and if they still don't get you like you like Cabernet Sauvignon and then they might go yeah I've heard of that and the a lot of those kind of probing bits and pieces and I think you always struggle a little bit when someone doesn't know how to answer but I guess it's always that kind of victory when you see someone gets an eye on the table in there like oh wow that's really good you know like yes so we're talking about drinking wine so let's drink some Cameron has. A couple of bottles into the studio for us to taste to watch t.v. On is an ape in them yeah sure I think you can quickly tell who's a somebody whether the color of their teeth and their tongue right if you become quite used to having a blue and purple tongue after these tastings because you can go live through hundreds of bottles Yeah I can imagine she have a taste if they find him sure. But as they like it's it's a marvelous feeling when you can show something for someone for the 1st time likely a member of that magical feeling the 1st time you've tasted the favorite wine it's something special. Well I'm going to describe what I think of this wine and now you know my knowledge of why and then I wouldn't Cameron to describe it and then from Cameron's very descriptive tale of the taste I'd love it if you take a child pin down why you think this wine is from love it yeah Ok I'm going to go for it. I'm really embarrassed actually because I don't even have any many words other than tastes. Nice I'd like another glom we can make that happen we can make something and we have a whole show I'm really stemmed so I'm going to pass it straight over to you Cameron So this is this is kind of funny I'm trying to describe a wine but I want to give the game away so fresh leave a little bit chalky touch of our magic. Medium bodied more citrus green apple and freshness but with a little bit of weight finishes long. Really lingers and kind of holds on your palate I don't have friends as straight as the most words about a I would guess that it's old world so somewhere in Europe it's from a relatively cooler climate 3 to 5 years old has a bit of oak and so countries that usually oak their wine are French and they use French grapes so that's where my guess goes premier crew a village level white burgundy from France from Sharda ne and I'm going to turn straight he. Well I am a little bit in the same area but due to the description when he was talking a little bit more about the touch of green flavors and shock unless I would suppose that it's possible it's also a jungle. You're both really on the right so this is burgundy shodan a and I believe you can pick the age is 2014 and how much would this book will cost . Retail that's probably about $28.00 pounds so that's about $35.00 u.s. Soldiers and finance a turning she was the mice expensive bottle you've ever sold the most expensive bottle of ever sold was $8000.00 and it was a French wine as well as the 1945 Chateau Latour 2 group of I think they were Swedish they had just celebrated finishing the Art Institute the new Modern Wing and they came in on a Saturday afternoon and said Can I get this bottle and I thought it was a joke because they were eating in the restaurant and I think there's like we want this bottle it's and the most expensive. Happened and it was great the price of a car almost wine brings with it a lot of stereotypically stuffiness people like to talk about wines and how much they know and I just wonder I asked so many days all 3 of you how do you have had that customer who feels like they know more than yay Cameron Yes definitely and to be honest this thing that I think is funny about the one issue as much as you you want to study you want to stay up to date there's no guarantee that the person sitting in front of you doesn't know more about something because there's just so much to try and stay on top of and so I think there's always a certain like need to be humble because otherwise you probably will be humbled at some point and I guess because it's a customer facing business you have to. Roll with it you can't sort of let loose what you think of that customer if they are being particularly really I mean I find a little dark hole in the back of the restaurant where I can do that of course. But I would wait for the customer down or no no we've got some really good you can take them into the back years the rest of the night you know if you need something to scream into but at the most part I think it's something that you you're trained to do it I mean you train to your your always on show it's kind of fearless in a way but it's also like yes we're trained to be very well behaved we are there for the guests sake but there is a limit the guests are not always right I had a situation the other week with a customer that he was picking out a very nice older vintage of Bordeaux and he was just scribing this wine perfectly like he knew exactly which way he should like pinpoint the flavor and aroma profile of the aged and then he just finished with so it must be false because it doesn't taste the fruit and I was just like yeah the bottle is 25 years old it doesn't really have gets much fruit Yeah I know this house I've been working with them since you were even born. Ok you know what I'm going to take this bottle back. And I'm out there aren't many females many is certainly not most so many days do you find yourself in situations where you are in a sort of very male dominated room I would say that actually in Sweden there is a lot of female somebody else the problem is that we do not tend to stay after we're having children's and building the family because there is still a stigma about that you are supposed to leave the restaurant business I think that we are at a breaking point where restaurants are taking better care of their staff and also make it possible to you know have a life outside your work which is important for most people but when I have like older. Male customers they need to share if I actually know my work if I have the knowledge to take care of them and that's like oh this is just stupid and I need to try to be frustrating yeah but it's actually I'm at the point where you get your routine you can of course it's down to like 5 minutes or so and they will they will trust you or we just switch in my restaurant we are very able to work around that kind of problem if I don't have like the right chemistry with my guests it's for me to be humble and just step away for 3 of you you've made wine a potion of your work life does that take the fun out of it in your social life and i'm day not at all it's a lifestyle honestly that's we we live it the sense of food and bringing people together and every year's different and that's why I buy it it's why I love to share it my wife knows that like every every bottle has a story for me because I love collecting but I also have a day or a or an event in mind with every bottled water that you'll friends and family Cameron made you ever oh bullshit go out to dinner with I think there's kind of other way around in fairness and I sometimes wish it wasn't because you don't get as much oil but you just relax sometimes when you're out I was on top of my family and they wanted to put me through the wringer and have me on blind tastings of wine they'd presumably bought from the supermarket at the same time like you're always given the wine list the only difference is if you go out for lunch or dinner with your some friends that is like we all get to choose one right that's it that's how this works and Muffy you deal friends time I have going now for glass if I might be . Well I would say like I do have a lot of friends that's not in restaurant business at all and I think that the only downside to what I'm working with this that people are afraid to treatment things they need to excuse themselves to open a bottle and they seriously don't that would seem a. I'd be terrified I would never buy a plane I doubt seriously we're just so happy if someone is giving us something else because there's a time for us to relax and yes we are super geeky but we can turn that off and if you can also you need to practice that. Still for they say wait thanks to my guests Fernando am is a man and Cameron. Do let us know what you think about the show you can e-mail the food chain at b.b.c. Don't see any Don't you k o get in touch with me on Twitter at Thomas in under school forward we're also available as opposed to cost with more than 200 episodes to download a search for b.b.c. 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