Within NATO has been palpable standing next to President Trump president Micron defended his own assessment that NATO was brain dead comments that Mr Trump a just hours before described as nasty disrespectful and dangerous Mr McCrum was again critical of the Turkish president and his military action against Kurdish forces in northern Syria where the French leaders are Turkey was fighting groups that would help they to defeat ISIS scientists say they have created artificial neurons that could potentially be implanted into patients and used to repair diseased or damaged brain cells they found a way to attach them to silicon chips medical implants which would require only a tiny fraction of the power of a computer processor Well news from the b.b.c. An administrative court in the German city of Frankfurt has ruled against the federal government in a case concerning arms exports to Saudi Arabia run Mittal a company which makes Ahmed vehicles is understood to have sought damages off to Germany imposed a ban on arms sales in November last year following an outcry over the murder of a dissident Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi the billionaire American entrepreneur Musk is going on trial in Los Angeles a defamation case has been brought against him by a British cave diver then an answer with helped rescue 12 boys and their football coach from a flooded cave in Thailand in July last year he's seeking on specified damages from Mr Musk who accused him on Twitter of being a paedophile Dave assesses his chances of winning his case. It is difficult to win a defamation case in the u.s. However the judge did Mike a decision that could make it slightly easier for Mr Adams were to win this case that would decision was to did noid Tester's request to consider Mr Unsworth a public figure and by doing that it means mistranscribed lawyers did not have to convince the jury that there was actual malice intended by Mr Musk just that the comments would be damaging president also Naru has issued a decree to put into private hands 3 of Brazil's national parks private companies will be allowed to run the concessions and will be expected to provide visitor and conservation services for the parks Thankfully the world famous to fall shared with Argentina and 2 large areas of sand dunes and beaches in northern Brazil El Salvador's president says China is to help build several major infrastructure projects in his country speaking after a visit to China. Said China would support the construction of a sports stadium a multi-story library and water treatment plant other projects are to include investment in coastal tourism sites B.B.C.'s. Hello and welcome to News of life in the b.b.c. World Service in London I'm Tim Franks 2 stories out of the United States that have broken in the past hour or so the House Intelligence Committee says that it's uncovered overwhelming evidence of President Trump committed impeachable offenses the White House says that is a sham and camel Harris the Democratic senator for a time is seen as being a potential front runner for the presidential nomination she has dropped out of the race those are our top stories this hour NATO also turns 70 and throws a party but how much life is there left in the old alliance will be looking at that in 30 minutes we have a new insight into the hit that Yemen's children have taken from years of war and a glimpse of Utopia North Korean style that's coming up a little bit later in the program. Shortly before we came on air there were 300 page long case for the prosecution against President Donald Trump dumped on to desks across Washington the congressional panel leading the impeachment inquiry published its report on the case the Democrat led House Intelligence Committee concluded that evidence for impeaching the president for misconduct in office is overwhelming Mr Trump placed personal political interests above the interest of the United States in so the committee says to try to persuade Ukraine to interfere in next year's presidential election panel report also accuses Mr Trump of intimidating witnesses and attempting to obstruct Congress. Within the last hour the chairman of the House Intelligence Committee Adam Schiff addressed reporters in Washington this report chronicles a scheme by the president ited States to coerce an ally Ukraine that is at war with an adversary Russia into doing the pleasure of the president's political dirty work it involves a scheme in which Donald Trump withheld official acts a White House meeting as well as hundreds of millions of dollars of needed military assistance in order to compel that power to deliver to investigations that he believed would assist his re-election campaign and I want to underscore 1st of all just how important that White House meeting was to Ukraine. Ukraine has a new reformer as its president presidents Alinsky a meeting with the most important patron of Ukraine the president and states in the oval office carries enormous significance both to the people of Ukraine but as equally important to Russia that the United States has Ukraine's back in its conflict with a nation which invaded its territory the military assistance is also absolutely essential the question that members of Congress now needed to awesome cells had missed a shift was what now to do with this information we will have to decide given that the evidence of this was conduct is so clear and uncontested are we prepared to just get over it are we prepared to say that henceforth we must expect from this president and those who follow that there will be a certain amount of corruption in which the national security the country will be compromised in which the oath of office will mean that much less in which the belief in the rule of law in the United States will be that much less is that what we're simply to. Get over or get used to. Well the White House press secretary has dismissed the report as the rantings of a basement blogger even before the publication of the document Donald Trump who's in London for the NATO meeting that we'll be covering a little bit nicer in the program he offered this diagnosis of Adam Schiff Smen to health well this is a moment what they gravitate is if you're ready. To read the news and these are very sick when he was just made up my going to say he's with the president. Donald Trump speaking in London a little bit earlier is Washington correspondent Anthony I know it's unfair to ask you what's in these 300 pages that you've just been having to speed read but what's in these 300 pages I'm a fast reader but not that fast Well you know if any was listening and Adam Schiff jury knows congressional hearings the past couple of weeks you knew the gist of what they were getting at and all the testimony it was all put here and meticulous detail the new information I think the stuff that I really found interesting was apparently the committee got their hands on through subpoena phone records from in particular Rudy Giuliani Donald Trump's personal lawyers that detailed the contacts Rudy Giuliani had with the White House and with the Office of Management and Budget which is the agency within the White House to put the hold on that Russian military aid to Ukraine as well as to Devon Nunez who is the the chair of the ranking member of the House Intelligence Committee Republican and let Parness one of his business associates Giuliani's business associates and I think that details or give more information about the timeline of Rudy Giuliani's activities you better member Giuliani according to testimony from people I Gordon saw on land who was the u.s. Ambassador to the e.u. Who was. Having. A lot of these contacts with the Ukrainian officials trying to get them to open these investigations Giuliani was the one who was telling him that the president wanted this and so if you have a line from song land to Giuliani and now all these phone records from Giuliani to the White House that ties Giuliani in to the highest levels of the administration which is something that a line that we didn't have in the testimony which is new and in trusting we don't know the details of those calls but the simple fact that there were multiple phone conversations multiple texts I think is alumina it also suggests that some subpoenas did work because from what I understand part of the this report's case against Mr Trump is that he will say nice to him obstructing Congress' attempts to get to the bottom of things Exactly and one of the reasons why we don't know much about why the Office of Management and Budget put a hold on the Ukrainian military aide is that all but one of the o.m.b. Officials have refused to testify at the direction of the White House and the person who did was a relatively low level of initial the kind of people who would know about why that military aid was being held and at whose direction that that information is now out there because the White House has decided not to cooperate with this investigation one big story isn't enough for us out of Washington it's not out of Washington is it out of the u.s. Today because the other one is that one of the well she was seen as a potentially front runner in the Democratic presidential race but she's dropped out some as a council house tell us about that oh yeah there was certainly a lot of buzz around calmly Harris when she entered the presidential race in January of this year issues the senator from California and I was at her campaign kickoff in Oakland and 20000 people came out to see her that had the feeling of the start of something big here is a relatively young charismatic candidate with a from a diverse back. That had a looks like the Democratic Party today giving a lofty speech and there was a lot of attention being paid to her as a potential presidential front runner as and after a few months of her campaigning along she actually shot up towards the top of the Democratic polls after that 1st Democratic debate in the end of June where she kind of went after Joe Biden a little bit but she her campaign trail Boffin have been steadily declining ever since and I think one of the reasons could be that her campaign was trying to be too many things to too many different people you know got Remember the Democratic Party right now has a very well defined progressive left and then there are moderates and there are big candidates on either side on the left absolute Lisbeth Warren and Bernie Sanders of the moderate lane you could call it Joe Biden and now Pete booted judge commissaries tried to kind of appeal to everyone straddle that divide and in doing so she end up not really appealing to anyone and there were missteps along the way perceive missteps with handling some questions on her health care policy those sorts of things but but it was I think when you look back at her campaign there was a lot of potential but that potential wasn't realized any chance that we could see a back on a v.p. Ticket I think she would be a very appealing vice presidential selection particularly for someone like Joe Biden if you can put that debate kerfuffle behind in fact he praised her and comments made today so obviously I think that bygones are bygones because she does come from a diverse background she's a she's good on her feet she's a good debater she comes from California where there's a lot of Democratic voters and Democratic money so I think her political career she has still has a lot of tread on the tires as it were and I think her story is not done yet and to me just if you'll forgive me I'm going to hold you back to the story the general because I should ask you when it comes to this house and. His committee reports into President Trump and possible impeachment when next we now have the sort of the case of the prosecution where does the process go next I'm used to going back and forth on these things these days in Washington Yeah I think the next thing you have we have the shift report now the Intelligence Committee report is being handed to the House Judiciary Committee which is going to begin its own series of hearings now remember the intelligence intelligence committee that ship heads was tasked with investigating this at the behest of Nancy Pelosi as speaker of the house but it's the Judiciary Committee that by House procedures has the responsibility of considering articles of impeachment of the president they did so with Bill Clinton in the ninety's Richard Nixon in the sixty's so they're going to review this report they're going to hold their own series of hearings and then they will be the ones who will draft articles of impeachment if they deem it necessary and vote on them and then that's the point at which the impeachment goes to the floor of the house where a majority of vote would kick it over to the Senate where Donald Trump would go on trial of for possible removal from the office of the president and this is what weeks yeah we're looking at weeks at least before we get to articles of impeachment I think the Democrats want to have a boat before the Christmas holidays and then that would set up a Senate trial sometime in the new year so this timeline is still very much up in the air but Democrats would love to get this out of the way before the 2020 presidential primaries really kick off of those start at the beginning of February Anthony heroic thank you very much Let's just a very briefly touch on another story out of the u.s. And that is that the billionaire entrepreneur and on evil Musk has appeared in a Los Angeles court. To face a defamation course case that's been brought against him by a British cave diversion and with correspondent Dave Lee is there Dave just tell us what this case is about. Yes So this is the British guy that was called i.e. Paedo guy on threats of musk using that phrase suggesting that he may be a paedophile which of course miss from West strongly denies he suing Mr Musk for defamation because of that comment this is the 1st day where the trial has got underway because of arrived at the courthouse in Los Angeles and the case that Mr is planning to make is that of course Peter guy was insulting to him Mr must defense is that he said Peter guy didn't mean he was making and Ickes ations of Misrata being a pedophile it said he said it's a common insult to use in South Africa and therefore that's not what he meant the judge predicts the case should be wrapped up with in the wake. Of around $75000.00 Dave Lee thank you very much for bringing us the latest from Los Angeles in that case brought by the British cave diving in an ounce with who was involved in the rescue of those 12 boys from a Thai cave in $2181.00 of the stories of the last year. Just like j.p. R.s. Radio service online i j p.r. Dot org provides a one stop gathering place for news arts culture and entertainment visit i j p.r. Dot org for photos articles and links covering regional national and international news click on one of 3 audio services get updated on listener news from j.p. Are contribute to community forums or just check out the weather in your area it's Jefferson Public Radio's website at w w w dot i j p.r. Dot org. On the next fresh air b.j. Miller a hospice and palliative care doctor who started doing this work because he came close to death when he was in college and jumped on top of a park commuter train and got electrocuted he lost both legs below is knees and one arm below is elbow He's the co-author of the new book a beginner's guide to the end join us. It's fresh air it's today a 3 and 7 here on the news and information service of Jefferson Public Radio. You with me sad live from the b.b.c. In London with me Tim Franks. On one level the news out of Yemen suggests that there are a faint flicker of hope peace efforts are reportedly gathering pace prisoner releases have taken place this talk of perhaps this ruinous 5 year long war drawing towards a close but and it's a huge part not only are there still immense hurdles There's also a reckoning for the amount of damage already wrought today the International Rescue Committee is issued a report saying that without peace now there'll be a further 20 years of child hunger in Yemen India is a mother whose children have suffered from acute malnutrition and have been provided treatment by the i.r.c. And she is one of many whose testimony the relief agency cites we witnessed their use escape the shelling by hiding in the roots of the trees airstrikes above us and who his rockets in front of us my children used to get up at night is screaming in fear we were frequently unable to cook food due to the danger of having open gas cylinders doing bombardment I used to dream of having my own house but the war destroyed their dreams and our future now I only dream of peace and safety the International Rescue Committee Xiamen country director is Frank McManus He spoke to me from a if we continue at the current rate of make you know it is very slow rate it will take us 20 years to get back to the situation in terms of child malnourishment that we were quite of years ago where the complex started cautious and I think it was when Yemen was already of extremely poor place means the poorest country in the Middle East it was in a bad place and then we had 5 years of conflict on top of that which has damaged the structure health care water water systems it's destroyed the economy and how does that look what those levels of. Warmth and deprivation look like to you who are working on the ground health facility that are barely functioning its health facilities that don't have staff that have very few drugs at the same time the need for them is growing greater and greater at $160000.00 children roughly last year went to malnutrition programs at each of those has an individual story to tell but it's it's an arms full rooms full of children suffering from malnutrition and that's just one visible effect one of the striking things in your report is that you say that Yemenis are not starving they're being starved put you mean by that there is ability to pitch who suffered in country but nothing near what is required to feed the population so before a conflict it was very important dependent now we have restrictions and importations we have barriers to importation which drive up the costs so even if you look at since it's a lot more expensive than I would it be if those barriers were into place and who's imposing had precise time some of them are coming from the Saudis some of them are coming from other authorities and if pressure and support can be brought to bear under those who are to party so this conflict with the Hitty is with a the Saudis. We have we believe an opportunity for a 1st time in a long time to bring this conflict to an end do you get a sense that that momentum is there or equally Is there a danger that as things do begin very very slowly to improve in Yemen. Inevitably the sort of the bandwidth internationally is is going to close the narrow and the people will lose the focus that once there has been on Yemen there's a cost to losing focus today Yemen has cost something like just over $8000000000.00 in humanitarian aid but if the situation isn't resolved we predicted over the next 5 years it's going to cost another $29000000000.00 And that is going to have to be paid for if unless you want to see. Mass migration out of the country it's cheaper to solve the problem. Then to let the problem continue for 5 years and see the international community having to foot the bill for 29000000000. McManus from the i.o.c. Sweet to me from Yemen today the latest round of the global education tests have been published by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and you may not be surprised to hear that its students from China and Singapore have been adjudged to be the most proficient in reading math and science but also among the consistently good performers has been the Eastern European country Estonia the B.B.C.'s Bronwyn Jeffries traveled there to find out how this small Baltic state has overtaken major economies to rival the great education paralyzes of East and Southeast Asia as she reports yesterday success is built from the bottom up. Claim they are only playing a picture card game the 6 year olds are in the last year of kindergarten almost every stone in child attends by the age of 3 at the latest and they stay here until compulsory school begins at $87.00 it's no wonder that kindergarten is popular with parents their contribution is capped at 20 percent of the minimum wage so no more than about 90 u.s. Dollars a month for each child here Hello I am a leader my child is given he is 6 years old and he will go to school next year for me social skills are the main things because I can teach him letters at home but I can't bring friends to their i can't have like 20 children over there so you know thank you for the car there are that kindergarten in a stone it is led by teachers Crystal Trixie says she has a lot of freedom as the government only sets basic expectations there like summarize the goals I joined as you know how to read like a word with Julie syllabus in it well we actually have children who know how to read sentences so they're really easy guidelines. Is Tonia borrowed aren't is from Finland in the 90 nineties and there's been little change in education since although the economy has been transformed the Minister for Education Millis raps tells me they're trying to hang on to a traditional belief in education while making sure they invest in equal access what we have today is a mixture of tradition to study a lot a little bit like Asian countries really studying a lot of many many hours primers Corsican risk or professional education and higher education it's all for free and for freeness. Stone I mean this really for free it's that you don't pay for textbooks you don't pay for the school lunches you don't pay for the school transportation you don't pay for the extracurricular activities in most cases. As well Larry another 6 now we have many teenagers at home study advanced English after a lesson I chat to some of them I'm song that and I'm 16. I think education is important because even with a high school degree you're not going to get so creative a child my name is on I'm 17 I hope to get out of. Education. A charming theater but also it's about self-improvement and the more you know and learn the more you will understand the river and what's going on and I think it will pay for you either in life. The. Music is compulsory until the age of 16. Dystonia isn't narrowing what teenagers learn in order to gain success nor does there seem to be a heavy human cost in the International Peace attests the teenagers here report being happier than those in many other major economies. The. Compulsory music I will sing to that but not all that was Brahman Jeffrey said from a stain on a stone you know about there are a very good performance in the international education tests much more to come in the next 30 minutes here on News or if you can please stay with us. Distribution of the b.b.c. News Hour in the u.s. Is supported by participant and Focus Features with dark waters starring Mark Ruffalo and an Hathaway based on true events about mysterious deaths in a small town and the man who risked his life to expose the truth in select theaters November 22nd and c 3 da ai the software suite for digital transformation using artificial intelligence on Io t. To solve previously on solvable business problems learn more at c 3 a. Support for j. Comes from our listeners and from Luna cafe Luna Cafe is a farm to counter eatery located inside the Ashley Hills Hotel on the south side of Ashland this Oregon center Cafe offers a menu highlighting farm fresh and local throwback to the seventy's Luna Cafe offers hillside views outdoor dining local wines beer and craft cocktails at the bar in a cafe now offer Sunday afternoon jazz from 5 to 7 and wine Wednesdays with live music at 530 when orbiting Ashland land at Luna more at Luna cafe Ashlan dot com. Though as the curtain lift on Iran we are able to see the both of that. We learned that in the space of 72 hours Iran. And opened fire at civilian protesters that were on our I'm Michel Martin That's coming up on the game from the New York Times. B.b.c. News with Debbie Ross a report by the us congressional committee leading the impeachment inquiry into President Trump says there's overwhelming evidence he abused his powers It also accuses Mr Trump of intimidating witnesses and instructing staff to ignore subpoenas the committee chair Adam Schiff said if Congress did not punish Donald Trump he would be as he put it begging for more of the same the White House described the inquiry as a one sided sham process and said the Democrats had utterly failed to produce any evidence of wrongdoing the California Senator Campbell a Harris is ending her campaign for the Democratic Party's presidential nomination in a message to supporters she said it had become harder and harder to raise the money needed to compete the French president Emmanuel McCrone has defended his stance on NATO and said the alliance must be clear about his fundamental aims at a gathering of Alliance leaders in London Mr McCraw said there had to be a new nuclear disarmament treaty and wound of internal divisions scientists have developed artificial neurons that respond to signals from the nervous system they can be turned into medical implants powered by silicon chips that require tiny amounts of energy in future these could be used to repair damaged brain cells the space entrepreneur Aidan Musk has gone on trial for defaming one of the divers who helped rescue 12 boys in their football coach in Thailand last year in a tweet Mr Musk called the man a paedo guy after he criticized the suggestion of using a small submarine to reach the boys in a flooded cave the Brazilian president joy Ableson r.-o. Has issued a decree putting 3 national parks into private hands they include the world famous it was soon full shared with Argentina and 2 large areas of sand dunes and beaches in northern Brazil b.b.c. News. Jefferson Public Radio provides an easy way for nonprofit organizations to get the word out about their community events simply visit the website at www dot org and click on community calendar once there you'll find some simple instructions on how to post information about your nonprofit groups events so that it's available to both web visitors and j p r announcers You can also use the site to search for other events happening in the region it's the j.p. Our community calendar. Dot org. And I'm Oregon and I donated live. For all I really like it or Public Radio and Public Service and I kept hearing on the radio people donating their cars so I thought well. If the Great way to help but. That's 844577286. The daily is supported by Fidelity Investments taking a personalized approach to helping clients grow preserve and manage their wealth learn more at fidelity dot com slash wealth fidelity brokerage services l.l.c. And by c 3 Dad Ai addressing the world's most challenging problems at the convergence of artificial intelligence and elastic cloud computing learn more at c 3 a I. From the New York Times unlikeable borrow this is the tale. Today Iran is experiencing its deadliest political unrest in over 40 years with nearly 200 people killed by government forces in the last few weeks Natalie Kittrell speaks to foreign office facetious about why the United States wanted that unrest and has helped fuel it. It's Tuesday December 30. 2 first take me back to the beginning of the recent uprising in Iran how did it start. On Friday November 15th this was about 15 minutes before midnight it ran time I was busy reporting another story on Iran that we planned to launch and I started receiving text messages and e-mails from my contacts in Iran from my family members from friends and from sources asking me if I had heard anything about gas prices going up by almost 300 percent as of midnight people were very alarmed they were shocked they thought that this can't be this is a rumor how could they increase prices without telling us how can we afford to go to work happened we afford to buy basic goods if gas prices triple in price there was a lot of anxiety almost immediately and on the News authorities in Iran abruptly raise the price of fuel in the country by 50 percent overnight Iranians wake up the next morning they see the official announcement in the news media on state t.v. That this is in fact not a rumor I hadn't heard the news I came here and filled 3 and they don't know just the price was 90000 Reelz it resulted in long lines of cars waiting for hours at petrol stations in the capital Tehran and they start to panic Mosher a sphere the consequences will be far reaching in Tehran and the rest of Iran everything is dependent on fuel prices if the price of fuel goes up in the night I date the price of rent will go up as well as other living expenses they start messaging each other on Whatsapp groups posting things on social media saying people let's protest this let's get to the streets and show them that were angry at this mobile phone video out of western Iran shows people chanting a few prices go higher the poor get poorer on Friday by noon people on major highways in Tehran and other big cities had parked their cars and created a massive traffic jam and turned off their cars 1st miles and miles and miles while by. Saturday Nov 16th the protests were gaining steam and they were changing in nature. The. There are videos of nighttime protests where demonstrators have gone out into the street and I can think and he regime slogans there quickly shifted from being protests about gas prices and the economy to targeting the entire establishment of the Islamic republic there were people in the streets saying Death to the supreme leader death of a dictator the government buildings have been set on fire as well as banks there were reports of banks getting torched and government buildings being attacked so for the moment there does seem to be a lot of momentum behind all of this but the Iranian government does have a tendency to violently crack down on these kinds of protests as the protests spread we started noticing that there was a disruption in our communications with Iran I had a really hard time calling sources on their cell phones their mobile service was disrupted I kept sending text messages then it would bounce back and by Sunday the entire country went dark. Unplug the Internet. READY and READY. I tried to call my relatives and people that I thought would talk to me and they were terrified they would say nothing's going on everything is fine how's the weather and try to change subjects because they thought that these calls might be monitored we tried to monitor the videos that were trickling out but if there were protests in thousands of cities in Iran we were getting maybe less than a dozen videos or eyewitness accounts a day but we could quickly tell that things were getting more and more violent and then what hap. Then slowly Internet and mobile service is restored and the 1st accounts that we start getting are from local journalists who have access to the Internet when they come to work and they've gathered reporting data and videos and eye witness accounts they are banned from publishing and they start to make it out they start to post it on social media they start contacting reporters like me who may know and trust and sharing these things so as the curtain lifts on Iran we are able to see the scope of this is that. And the violence and so what do we learn about what happened we learned that in a space of 72 hours Iran turned off the lights and opened fire at civilian protestors who are on our. But we see close assassination style shootings where the police force with a mock up to a young man and point the gun to their head and just pulls the trigger we start seeing videos of this one particularly are young man that I will name pretty about. A 23 year old engineer who is filming his last hours of life. Well if it's a fine young one and I don't. Feel her line and thereby This is he is going around in the protests he's saying I am an engineer I am unemployed I'm coming out because I'm fed up with this system I'm coming out because I'm so happy to see that everybody is supporting us and then it sunsets and he turns the camera to the sunset and says. You know I mean. Look at this beautiful sunsets I wish for a new dawn for my country and a few hours later just shot and killed it's. No. More are there like him who were killed so many more. There's so many more young men who were killed young women even children. The death toll ranges somewhere from $180.00 to $450.00 and continues to climb as more cities and more people get connected to the Internet and have a way of reaching out and tell their stories we found out about the city of mosque on Friday just as Internet went. Where the revolutionary guards came in a big force and started shooting indiscriminately at dozens of young men who had blocked the main entry way to the city and to an industrial complex are hard core hard. Some of them drop dead the others around 20 are by March were got power on. And one person was armed they shot at the Revolutionary Guards from the marshes the guards encircled them and with machine gun fire opened fire on them. And the estimate is that between 40 to 100 people were killed in that mass murder incident. And I was Hope me understand how a hike in gas prices caused all of this unrest. There was a lot of pent up anger and frustration over a host of things from financial corruption to unemployment inflation the government tells people how to dress how to think what to do where to go and the sudden surprise price increase in gasoline was really the last straw gasoline is very cheap in Iran because Iran is a major oil producing country and gas prices are subsidized. All my career con and me had formed around this cheap gasoline prices where people used their cars and their motorcycles to compensate for the fact that they couldn't find jobs the prices of basic goods like bread De Vry meat everything has increased by at least 20 percent because transportation costs have increased and on top of we King up to the reality that gasoline prices have tripled and their purchasing powers have shrunk the Iranian people have been struggling with the pressures of American sanctions on their economy what is the role of the u.s. And u.s. Sanctions in all of this. U.s. Sanctions play a pretty significant role in Iran's economy different u.s. Administrations have imposed sanctions on Iran in order to squeeze and pressure its economy the 2015 nuclear deal between Iran and the world powers lifted those sanctions and it brought in a lot of hope and a lot of investments from foreign companies and a lot of job possibilities for Iranians and then President Trump comes in I am announcing today that the United States will withdraw from the Iran nuclear deal he exits the nuclear deal and suddenly all of that whole all of those financial possibilities come to halls we will be instituting the highest level of economic sanction and immediately we start seeing significant impact on the currency on Iran's ability to do trade and certainly the government's facing a massive budget deficit and the stated goal of these more punishing sanctions is to bring Iran to the negotiating table in a more serious way right well that's the stated goal but all along there's been also an unstated goal and policy which is hoping that these punishing sanctions would pressure Iranians to rise up against the regime to start pushing the government to have no choice but to come to the table and discuss a more comprehensive deal because not only is it facing international pressure but the sanctions are destabilizing the society in Iran as well. So in a sense the trumpet ministration wanted this uprising to happen all along yes u.s. Officials have embraced these protests the special envoy of Iran Brian Hoke gave an interview and said we're very pleased to see the protests across Iran Ryan Hawks comments were unusual because typically when there is unrest and protests in countries the response from senior u.s. Officials is that we're watching what's happening we're monitoring what's happening we support the people but you rarely see them putting themselves at the front and center of these protests by saying we're very pleased even Secretary of State my pump a 0 tweeted that he has asked Iranian protesters to communicate with him and send him video footage of the violence against them. So if the un stated goal of these sanctions was to cause all of this unrest then they worked but what about the 2nd part the deaths of the protesters how much was the violence that followed the heart of the plan I think the responsibility of the violence on protesters soley falls on the government of Iran because at the end of the day they're the ones that are ordered There's the cutie forces to crush and use lethal force against civilians though an understanding of Iran's modern history would tell you that if there is a popular uprising the government would crack down and crushes very quickly and with a lot of force. We'll be right back. The daily is supported by one drop a new way to manage diabetes with supplies delivered to your door and personal health coaching one drop can help lower blood sugars in just one month at Wal-Mart Apple stores and to get one drop dot com and of ative immersive and skillfully investigated the daily with Michael Barbaro brings listeners today stories as only the New York Times can report them for more on today's episode go to n.y.c. Times dot com slash the daily distribution of the daily is made possible by American Public Media. Just because you're on the road or live outside the j.p. Our broadcast area doesn't mean you have to give up listening to Jefferson Public Radio you can always stream it from any browser at i.j.a. P.r.s. Org but you can also download the free j.p. App with it all 3 j.p. Our services are available to stream on your phone or compatible device that means you can listen to j p r anywhere and any time download the j p r app from the App Store Google Play and never again be out of touch with quality music and information you've come to expect from j.p. Are. 2 2 2 2 2 2 now leakage with spoke with foreign correspondent for not. About the deadly political unrest in Iran. What is the precedent in Iran for this kind of violent response to a citizen uprising. Unfortunately there is a history of Iranian rulers crushing citizen op risings violently. The crowds found the bridge a jolly square block by troops in 1970 s. The numbers increased they pressed forward and the troops opened fire on. The Shah of Iran with open fire at protesters at a peaceful sit in and killed 84 people that sparked the beginning of the end for him when I saw the Shah shortly after it was the 1st time I'd really felt that he saw the situation as a right in which you could. By January of 1979 it was clear the Shah could no longer raid and the revolution in 1979 that brought the Islamic Republic to power. The the new government promised that it would abandon the ways of the Shah and create a free society where criticism was tolerated in public discourse and debates would be free and what we've seen is the exact opposite the last episode of a nationwide uprising happened in 2009 in response to a contested presidential election tens of thousands of opposition supporters mostly young March to Freedom Square Iranians took to the streets asking for a recount of the votes and staged peaceful protests all over the country violence on the streets of half done. And the government crackdown bloodshed in the streets of Iran at least 7 people are reported to have been shot and killed after a mass rally over charges of election fraud and over a period of 10 months killed about 72 people. So based on this history the us could have predicted that an uprising would result in violence but the level of violence we saw was unprecedented nobody could have predicted this right so the situation in Iran is spiraling it's becoming more extreme than anyone thought it would be and I'm wondering what does that mean for the u.s. Strategy does this outcome constitute a success I think the u.s. Administration's trying to for Trey the events of the past few weeks as a success because it's harsh policies on Iran are resulting in a popular uprising but if the ultimate goal is to bring Iran's leaders the negotiating table that policy might have actually backfired the u.s. By aligning itself with the Iranian people has given the Iranian leadership I mean ition to the legitimize the demands of the people what do you mean by that well on the surface it looks as if the comments by Mr Hook and Secretary Pompei you will help the Iranian people because it shows that the u.s. Administration stands in solidarity with their demands but it also plays directly into the playbook of the Iranian regime which takes all sorts of comments by the American administration and westerners as proof that the uprising is not homegrown that the demands of the population are not legitimate and they are being staged and instigated by Washington so ultimately it sounds like the u.s. Strategy may end up undercutting the power of these protests correct it also undermines the ability of. President Rouhani who is considered a moderate in the political structure of Iran to negotiate with the u.s. And to come to the table with Mr Trump the majority of people who handed Rouhani a victory are talking about sitting out the elections they're talking about boycotting the elections so if the centrist than the reformers if the public doesn't vote then the hardliners are going to win and we're going to see a hardening of policies in Iran particularly about engagement with the United States so while the goal was to bring the Iranian government to the negotiating table this may end with a government that's more extreme and more anti west that was always the fear with the trumpet ministrations maximum pressure policy that it would actually empower the very factions that Washington does not want to see empowered. Because what happens next for the Iranian people. The Iranian people are terrified right now they are coming to terms with a new level of force being used against them. The protests have been crushed there's no more authorising but this arrests and feeling of repression is still very much alive the underlying reasons for this uprising have not been resolved. And we can expect that the next time there's the equivalent of a gas price increase or political decision that's not popular with the public it would also spark another round of uprising and the next wave would likely be a lot more violence and the crackdown a lot more brutal. Thank you so much thank you very much for having me. For Knaus physiques writes about Iran for the times. 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I'm Joshua Johnson today on one a immigration and education this nation is no stranger to college scams but this is unique an intentional scheme designed to catch immigration violators a school in Michigan turned out not to be a university at all but a front for a homeland security operation was it a justifiable anti-fraud efforts or entrapment we'll explore this case ahead and get a clearer sense of just how hard it can be for international students to succeed in the u.s. If you can relate to that we'd love to hear from you comment on our Facebook page or tweet us at one at a. Live from n.p.r. News Washington I'm Jack Speer Democrats on the House Intelligence Committee have released a 300 page report detailing their findings in the Pietschmann in Korea President Trump N.P.R.'s Kelsey's now reports the committee has concluded Trump personally engaged in a months long effort to leverage the power of the.