To exclude incidents before it came into force in October 2000 the UN's nuclear watchdog the i.a.e.a. Has confirmed that Iran has restarted the process of enriching uranium at an underground site. Bethany Bell reports the i.a.e.a. Has confirmed that Iran is continuing to breach the terms of the nuclear deal by rich in uranium at the 4 days site Techron says the breaches are a step by step response to the withdrawal from the deal by the United States and sanctions The report also said that inspectors had found particles of uranium at a location in Iran which had not been declared to the i.a.e.a. The report said it was essential for Iran to resolve the matter as soon as possible b.b.c. World News a local radio station that has been involved in efforts to stop the spread of a barrier in the Democratic Republic of Congo has closed down after one of its journalists was murdered staffers low ember radio in the eastern town of Mombasa say they have received numerous threats and have stop broadcasting for safety reasons. The leader of Hong Kong Carrie Lamb has said that escalating unrest was bringing the territory to the brink of no return was speaking as Hong Kong saw one of its worst days of unrest since the democratic demonstrations began but a protest organizer Bonnie Young told the b.b.c. The government needed to act to stop the violence the point is that governments had ignored and banned all of our peaceful protest So Hong Kong protesters feel the need to ask lead their actions so the question really should be asking is to the government when do you feel the need to finally respond to Hong Kong people's demands and why not that you are not setting up this independent police investigation that Hong people are demanding the Chinese industrial giant which has agreed to buy British Steel says it plans to invest about $1500000000.00 in the steel maker over the next decade it's hoped the deal will save up to $4000.00 jobs in Britain the purchase price has not been disclosed and the conclusion of the deal is conditional on regulator ie approval British Steel has been kept running by the British government since its collapse into insolvency in May American explorers have found the wreck of a u.s. Submarine that went missing off the coast of Japan during World War 2 with 80 sailors on board a group of private explorers discovered the u.s.s. Greyback a more than $400.00 metres below the ocean's surface of the submarine remained under tech did for more than 75 years because of a flawed translation of war records that got a digit wrong in the coordinates of the ship's position b.b.c. News. Just because you're on the road or live outside the j.p. Our broadcast area doesn't mean you have to give up listening to Jefferson Public Radio you can always stream it from any browser at i.j.a. P.r.s. Org but you can also download the free j p r app with it all 3 j p r services are available to stream on your phone or compatible device that means you can listen to j p r anywhere and anytime download the j p r app from the App Store or Google Play and never again be out of touch with the quality music and information you've come to expect from j p r. This is the takeaway I'm Tenzin of a guy thanks for being with us on this Veterans Day morning. I'm going to be picked up I'm going to. Order the national. Guard and behind them by the 10s of the workers militia brown uniforms and 500 kept burning and I'm kind of for the Stormtroopers of. It 1000 years ago. The proud of both wars. He wished Romana. In the world of freedom. Those days. If. We welcome change in the open. We believe the freedom and security go together. But the advance of human liberty can only strengthen the cause of world peace. There is one side and there's Soviets can make that would be unmistakable. Mr Gorbachev tear down this wall. Last. Week there you. Know they're doing nothing but. Moments there from the life of the Berlin wall constructed in 1981 the wall effectively and ideologically divided the city of Berlin and half and served as the official border between West Germany and the communist government of the German Democratic Republic. During the years of the wall about 5000 people successfully defected to West Berlin the number of people who died trying to cross the wall is still a matter of dispute but most historians put the figure at about 140 people in 1909 as popular revolt spread through Eastern Europe d.d.r. Control of the wall gave way and on November 9th border crossings were officially opened and thousands joyously breached the border today on the show of significance for our nation and its military starting with 1961. Andrew Nagorski spent more than 3 decades as a foreign correspondent and editor for Newsweek and covered the up peoples of 19891990 in Europe and he's the author of 7 books most recently 1941 the year Germany lost the war and I asked him to bring us back to the walls beginnings Berlin was in the Soviet zone but it too was divided in 4 ways and very soon huge numbers of people East Germans East Berliners and others from other parts of East Germany were crossing into West Berlin and that effectively got them into the west into West Germany because from there they could take flights and find other ways to to go into the western world and during that period of the from the time East Germany became a state and $148.00 until $961.00 would start building that wall I by most estimates about 3 and a half 1000000 East Germans had gone West many of them through booster to birth to West Berlin and it was just the the place was it clothing and that's when they stood and suddenly constructed this monstrosity that in effect at least surrounded West Berlin we think of the wall as dividing the city but it also says this was an island in East Germany it made West Berlin an island there that was surrounded by walls and barriers tell us about the different perceptions of the wall or how the wall was talked about on either side in West Berlin versus East Berlin well the east the East German government called it the anti-fascist barrier as somehow that they were keeping out that West German fascism as they called them of course that was nonsense West Germans refer to as the Wall of Shame it became of course a very quickly the symbol of the Cold War and it was especially galling I think for many. Each juror East Berliners who were so close to an island of freedom in West Berlin but not to be able cross into it they could sometimes watch it on t.v. They could hear the radio as they could even hear the sounds across the Brandenburg Gate and other other places when there were concerts and so forth and yet life in East Germany and Eastbourne particular was as bleak Soviet style life shortages repression and so it became the embodiment of that whole conflict I remember watching news coverage when as a little girl the fall of the wall and I think there are some folks that might assume that once the wall came down if you will that was it so did communism and that's not exactly as simple as it was not exactly a simple though that was because the images were so powerful a lot of people think that was that was the major event of 99 of course 989 was a series of that of events I call it a 5 back play where you had you had movements in other parts of the Eastern bloc that had had dislodged the system in particular in Poland the Poles had had the solidarity movement that had been revived and by by 1989 the economy the communist economy was collapsing popular protests regrowing and they forced the government to effectively negotiate with them and to allow for partially free elections which the government thought oh well we can keep this that will give them some token seats and remain in power but solidarity won everything and the and eventually they is they worried they got defectors and took over the government 1st non-Communist government so that happens 1st then Hungary next door which had always been considered the communist government on. He considers self relatively progressive head and had in fact let allow some of its citizens to go back and forth to Austria next door neutral Austria and East German citizens they could not travel west but they could travel to what were called the fraternal socialist states in Hungary was one of them they discovered that the boys. Were taking down the border border barriers between Austrian Hungary and they started crossing into there and that really create the pressure on the East Germans to do something because there were then huge protests in East Berlin half a 1000000 people in early November proof were out there in the streets of. East Berlin there were huge protests in Leipsic in other cities and the East Germans thought well we can liberalize a little bit they made a somewhat ambiguous announcement about relaxing travel regulations it was unclear exactly when and then that's what happened on November 9th and everybody just said Ok we're we're going across we're we're not going to wait for clarifications we're going cross Now let's talk about some of the other big players at the time Mikhail Gorbachev the Soviet premier Yes What was his take on what was happening there were several new factors in the eighty's new leaders there had been the Polish Pope John Paul the 2nd that in helped inspire the events in Poland You had Ronald Reagan who had of course famously said Mr Gorbachev tear down this wall Gorbachev believed he could reform the so what he called the socialist system the Soviet system and he but keep Communist Party rule and so he the one thing that had prevented people of Eastern Europe from breaking away or Soviet tanks or the threat of Soviet tanks there been numerous attempts in the past the carrying uprising that the what was called the Prague Spring in the sixty's and each time. I'm Soviet tanks that put it down or local communist authorities as they did in Poland and various protests but Gorbachev basically said we will I'm going to allow everyone to make some reforms to try to make their people happier and no longer threatened them with massive force what he did not understand that once you began to loosen all that and the fear wasn't there then the momentum of these protest movements which had been organizing throughout the eighty's throughout the region became so powerful that it was impossible stop so I think Gorbachev's role in history is it he deserves credit for only there were a few smaller uses of force but not massive use of force but he did not understand the dynamic that he was unleashing you mentioned that very famous moment of Ronald Reagan saying Tear down this wall and at the time that the wall finally came down George Bush was president father Bush right. James Baker was secretary of state what was the United States' position on this I mean in theory you would think we're on board were we. We were on board but what was interesting there are as the euphoria in 88 especially that moment of the falling of the wall earlier in Poland when wind when Solidarity won the elections and form the 1st noncom is government but George Bush Sr was very cautious in his pronouncements and some people were saying oh why isn't he making a bigger deal out of this and James Baker his secretary of state was also very low key about it but he understood quite early that this was putting Gorbachev in a very difficult position and there were there was fear that if they had that the Soviet Union might move against the try to stop this whole thing and maybe not Gorbachev personally maybe there be military people but even Gorbachev was a bit of an unknown factor and in terms of this and he specifically told Gorbachev when he met him sure in in December right after the fall the wall he said My administration will seek to avoid doing anything that would damage your position in the world in other words we're not going to gloat but on the other hand he also is convincing him don't stand in the way of this Germany will become unified and you're better off with a unified Germany within NATO within Western structures then with some sort of maverick state it was Joe it which you are semi semi fractured state which who knows what will come of it and that was a hard sell for Gorbachev internally but it but you but Bush and Baker very effectively lobbied for it and working also with Helmut Kohl the German chancellor West German chancellor who went also to Moscow to to try to reassure Gorbachev and the Russians to make this transition happen without any major confrontation so as you mentioned the German chancellor Helmut Kohl. Did move very quickly toward reunifying West Berlin and East Berlin but what was the ultimate effect of that I mean it couldn't have been a smooth as we anticipate it might have been no you had 2 parts of that they were both German Germany but both parts of the country but they were had been under totally different economic systems their standards of living or were radically different for instance one of the things who how did you merge the currency the West German mark at the time was the currency in West Germany very strong currency the East German. Currency like all of the Eastern European currencies were virtually worthless so one of the things Coles government did was say Ok we are going to allow East Germans to exchange their East German marks which are basically worthless on a $1.00 to $1.00 basis for West German marks So some quick fixes like that which cost a lot they ended up spending a huge amount of money on trying to integrate East Germany and a lot of it was clearly wasted too and not handled very well but overall it was a huge gamble that worked. Stay with us we'll have more on the 30th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall but then to divorce I mean. Just like j p R's radio service on line. Org provides a one stop gathering place for news arts culture and entertainment visit. Ork for photos articles and links covering regional national and international news click on one of 3 audio services get updated on listener news from j p r contribute to community forums or just check out the weather in your area it's Jefferson Public Radio's website at w w w dot i j p.r. Dot org j p r as a community service of southern Oregon University s o U's unique location offers a safe and stimulating educational environment where small town values combined with big city cultural opportunities and where mountains rivers and the natural world provide an inspirational place to learn work and play learn more at a so you. With you on this Veterans Day hits the takeaway I'm Tenzin of a guy. We've been talking about Germany and Europe 30 years after the fall of the Berlin wall engineer Gorski spent more than 3 decades as a foreign correspondent and editor for Newsweek and covered the up peoples of 19091990 in Europe he's the author of 7 books most recently 1941 the year Germany lost the war and I asked him whether today we've turned back the clock on European unification given backset Russian expansion and more but I think that there were in their rush to expand remember at the time of the night 9 b. When Germany unified I think there were 11 members of the European Union expanded to 28 now and that's it's a lot to do and what's the balance between allowing states to make their own decisions they maintain their own traditions having some jurisdiction over key issues and and then trying to really squeeze some conformity into this rather disparate group and I don't think they they certainly have not always gotten it right I think we're seeing the backlash to that there's been the European Union has also developed a huge bureaucracy based in Brussels that is resented by many of its citizens as making decisions and often micromanaging various parts of the economy and regulations and I think we are seeing a backlash in both what was the full formally Western Europe informal Eastern Europe. And I think that this is an ongoing process it's not I think the European Union sell. Served a very positive role in a grading the country strove in the move toward that were liberated from communism in 1989 but that process is far from over and it's not a linear process where it all goes in one direction there are people who are sometimes saying this is too much too much centralization too much control from Brussels we have to respect our national traditions as well and looking beyond the e.u. And the United States 1909 was also the year of the Tiananmen Square protests. Tell us about some of the parallels there the connection between the fall of the Berlin Wall and the Tiananmen uprising Well one of the real jolting juxtapositions was. The Polish elections the 1st semi Free Polish elections for the great breakthrough this order can known as a solidarity elections. What happened on June 4th just as in the net and then almost of the same newscast shifted to the violence in tenement square and it showed just what a difference it made in terms of whether the Congress authorities were going to fight the those seeking a better life and they freer life or they were going to try to return to manage the changes and give way to the changes they had to and that was the difference between China and the Soviet Union. So I think it increased the fears of. I think again getting back to say. To George Bush and James Baker about managing the Russians well so that we did not get a Tiananmen Square type reaction to what what was going on in particularly in Germany at the end of the year the only violent place in in Eastern Europe on a large scale in 89 was remain where they had a very very very rigid communist regime under Nicholai Ceausescu classic to spot and it was no accident that was that was the one place where the revolution was violent and it was deposed and executed along with his wife. Andrew Nagorski spent more than 3 decades as a foreign correspondent editor for Newsweek thanks for joining us Andrew thank you . My name's Ashleigh and I live in Hollywood Florida it took me a couple years after getting out of the military to find my footing eventually we moved to Boston where I was able to really use my g.i. Bill I got a bachelor's degree from u. Mass Boston enough to set science in another interstate from Northeastern all this no doubt with the yellow ribbon matching from Northeastern at my house in faith and and to ition payments from the g.i. Bill my total education benefits for just about $250000.00 now I'm getting a Ph d. In nursing at the University of Central Florida on a fellowship I feel like the military gave me so much more than I gave it I'm proud of the hard work I did in the Coast Guard but the educated cation benefits changed my life the veterans coordinators of both of my colleges were so patient and always helped me stay on track with the paperwork dealing directly with the v.a. With a bit of a struggle but gusting until the boss and the advocate every veteran. Who probably doesn't remember me but I was a pregnant confused mass when I 1st walked into the office I made it out the other side with some serious help from him and I'm driving is a registered nurse and mother I tell people all the time if you know a 723 year old with not really sure what they're going to do with their like 4 years in the Coast Guard give them the time to grow while they're in and the education benefits to thrive when they get out at this time calling from long term Hayward. Like it's going to be very hard to jump into the real world especially. For a long service in the Army. And or close on that life that's one of the reasons some guys don't let go well after service. Benefits low one the visit has been fun the real world loves a good. 6 girl all jobs in 4 years. Hi My name is Robin from Fort Worth Texas I've been out for 1000 years in my in my exit briefing that poor Gordon in December of 2000 we were told we didn't qualify for v.a. Medical care they said that only retirees and those with qualify your bridge related disability at time of discharge were served by being medical care although I needed it I never even tried to get into the system. Managing my mental health took many years but I'm fine now I never sought help while I was in the Navy whether sure not there was a widespread belief that the n.s.a. Would revoke the security clearance of any service members seeking mental health assistance which in its capably meant lots of jobs one wouldn't be discharged but we all spent too much time learning our target languages and job skills to risk it as for work I didn't have any difficulty finding work later I had a job lined up with a defense contractor almost entirely by virtue of my Top Secret clearance it helped that they all did that hired me came from the same tiny community with the military even after they had been out for to Katie 8778 My take is our number this is a take away do. With. You're listening to southern Oregon University's Jefferson Public Radio with a look at the Monday weather forecast for the Southern Oregon Cascades and Siskiyous it'll be mostly sunny with a high near 60 in wiring mostly sunny with a high near 68 wheat in Mt Shasta mostly sunny with a high of 68 reading in Red Bluff mostly sunny at a high temperature of 86 for the Klamath Basin mostly sunny with a high near 63 on the southern Oregon coast partly sunny at a daytime high of $64.00 on the northern California coast some patchy fog otherwise partly sunny with a high of $59.00 in Roseburg in the basin areas of fog and otherwise becoming mostly sunny at a high of $62.00 in Grants Pass Medford or national and mostly sunny with a high near 70 and for Eugene in Springfield areas of fog but otherwise mostly cloudy at a high temperature of 59 this is j p r. Welcome back to the takeaway I'm Tenzin of a guy President Trump's relationship with military members and veterans has been contentious for his entire presidency is that a war hero or hero he is a war in Iraq appears he's a war hero President was captured I like people at war and captured Ok I had to do is really. Because he was captured Ok More recently Trump has taken on Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Vinda been been been the top Ukraine expert on the National Security Council testified to Congress about his concerns that President Trump pressured Ukrainian president Vladimir Selenski to investigate Joe Biden since then Trump and his allies have attacked bin men again and again questioning his loyalties and patriotism Trump even promised to release damaging information about than current and former members of the military have become more vocal in their criticism of President Trump and his policy decisions renewing a debate over if and when military officials should break their code of silence for a look at morale in the military in the age of Trump I turned to Missy Ryan a reporter at The Washington Post covering the Pentagon military issues and national security and William Arkin an Army veteran journalist and author of more than a dozen books on the military and William told me Trump critique of the military actually goes back to his candidacy he glam bested Obama's generals in fact as candidate he got away with criticizing the American military in a way that I would think a normal candidate might not get away then when he became president he obviously reached into the ranks of the military retired military James Madison's secretary of defense John Kelly as secretary of Homeland Security Michael Flynn is national security advisor but he soon grew weary of all of them or they grew weary of him Donald Trump doesn't have good relationships with anyone and it seems to me that the military is a. No exception I'm not sure I would actually argue that they are an exception there's lots of reasons why the military and Donald Trump are at loggerheads but I don't particularly think it means that the military is one thing or that there is bad morale within the military why do you think the president Mysie is so publicly alienate certain members of the military you know there has been a code in American political life to some extent although there certainly are numerous exceptions that current and even Austin former military officers try to refrain from getting involved in partisan politics what Donald Trump is doing is shrugged off those norms and what you're seeing because of that and because of that policy actions he's taken because of his style because of his erratic policy pretty much for announcements you're seeing this tension about whether or not military officers have a duty to speak out when they disagree with the president but you know I think that at the end of the day most officers wealth knowledge that you know President Trump was the elected civilian leader and he's in the White House and he's the commander in chief so as long as it's not an order that is unlawful that members of the military have a duty to to carry out his orders William has a building on that you mentioned earlier and start talking a little bit about more Rao a lot of the officials that are speaking up are either retired or high profile What's your sense of what morale is like on the ground Well it's important that the listeners understand that the military is not one thing there's a Washington military and then in many ways there's the rest of the military the people who serve in Washington or who are in the fishbowl of political life are very different than those who are out there in the field then I think the military is fundamentally mission focused it's fundamentally process oriented and so the consistency to do the mission. And to soldier on to do it in a way that is following the rules and the and and the operational plans you know that's not being really interrupted out there in the field we'll have more with Missy Ryan and William Arkin on military morale in the age of Trump that's coming up with us. We've been talking about military more Roughan of the trumpet ministration with Missy Ryan a reporter at The Washington Post covering the Pentagon military issues and national security and William Arkin an Army veteran journalist and author of more than a dozen books on the military and I asked Missy how does the military feel about Trump certainly there are things that Donald Trump has done for the military that are deeply appreciated starting with restoring a larger budget for the military than it's had in a while and you know that makes everybody happy in the Defense Department and the defense establishment but there are definitely a number of things that I think cause grave concern and I would start with as you said his style his policy pronouncements that sometimes you take 180 turns within days there is concern that that creates an appearance on reliability for America's partners and then the 2nd thing and I think even larger and more far far reaching within the ranks is the concern about what trumps attitudes are towards the countries that are America's traditional defense allies and this is when Trump questions the value of NATO when he suggests that the United States might not abide by Article 5 of NATO when he questions the need to keep forces and South Korea or Japan or Germany and more recently we saw this with the incident that you mentioned in Syria when he abruptly announced that he was pulling u.s. Forces from from northern Syria and the perception there of course was that the United States was a Bad to the Kurdish Syrian forces that had been fighting alongside the United States against the Islamic state and so the idea that the United States number one is seen as a bad partner and number 2 actually might not be able to recruit partners that the whole counterterrorism strategy for example is predicated on working with other countries and subnational groups and said that those. Things are it's things that I think are at the core of these concerns that we're that we're seeing within the military and also you mentioned recruitment Mysie I mean some of the critical recruits here are folks that are going to serve rank and file in the military and William you've written about the decline in those numbers and of course that's been happening for years not just under this administration but I wonder if you see some of the tensions that are playing out now between President Trump and military leaders at least the high profile ones the Washington military as you call them whether or not that will have any effect on recruitment efforts overall the irony here at a time when the military is getting an increased budget at a time when the military is being given more leeway where the rules of engagement in military operations are being loosened by Donald Trump is that they can't make their recruitment goals and we're not talking about something which is very big the military needs about 100018 year olds every year in order to replenish its ranks and that of some I don't know 20000000 plus 18 to 24 year olds in American society it can't not even attract 100000 people and that's because of a lot of reasons but the one that I think is most important is that America's youth is not behind the war on terrorism is not behind the American military and the American military as an institution is increasingly distanced from American society and so when I think about Donald Trump or I think about Barack Obama or I think about the future the real crisis is that the American public the American society is not with the American military the American military is increasingly an institution out on its own William Arkin Army veteran author and journalist a Missy Ryan reporter at The Washington Post thanks you both for taking the time to take you thanks. Support for Jefferson Public Radio comes from our listeners and from Medford State Farm agent Shannon. Shannon Harris helps people achieve their dreams and keep their family secure from auto homeowners and life insurance to college savings accounts and retirement planning State Farm is there Medford State Farm agent Shannon Harris located at 3210 Hillcrest Park Drive Suite one o 2 and by phone at 541-779-3545. This is the take away Tam's you know. 48000000 people died in World War one when the world's 1st modern industrial war ended its influence on art and culture was just beginning Farrah fish go is the producer and host of w n y c shellshock 919 of the Great War changed culture and I asked her 1st why World War One doesn't seem to get the same attention or recognition for its cultural contributions as World War 2 I mean it's a very long time ago a 100 years is a long time and that generation is gone and in fact it was a lost generation even while it was happening so I think we feel more connected to World War 2 when we understand it better and what makes the aftermath of World War One special or different than the aftermath of other wars what I was looking for in the research I was doing about the aftermath was the cultural impact because what makes World War one different obviously is that it was the 1st world war it was big and it was shocking and it was more violent than anybody ever expected people were encouraged to go to war and the men were encouraged to go to war and be strong and powerful and they thought well you know it'll be over soon and then we'll sort it out so only 4 years later and tens of millions of deaths later it was a huge impact made on everyone and it's been so interesting to look at the cultural stuff that came out of it and also the thinking that came out of it a lot of which seemed to be the roots of some of the thinks we think today. I mean given that it was our 1st global conflict how did it help shape global culture or at least lay the groundwork for what we would eventually call globalization it certainly reminded people for the 1st time that there was a world and that led to all kinds of other things this of course was the Western world and I think thinking was different in the east than in than in the West but certainly for the Western world this was a defining moment and in addition to just the sense of globalization and the sense that what you do in one place can affect all the other places on the globe there was also this cultural focus on the body after World War One in all kinds of complicated ways and also on the mind and of course shellshock is the kind of combination of the 2 showing you how. Injuries to the mind can affect the body and not the reverse you know I mean that it happens both ways but this was really the 1st understanding that a traumatic thing could rob you of control over your body speech body movements and so on for example you see all kinds of things happening after the war in connection very specifically with trying to put bodies back together the artist and a Coleman lad making 10 masks for soldiers who were defaced in the war as an example the take away we talked recently about how climate change is spring artists to respond and so we know that culture is affected by major global change and World War one was no different in fact it spawned different types of art forms one of them was dies I'm what is dies I'm the daughter just war angry and they were not necessarily focused on what Donna is and was it started out as a cabaret act and then suddenly it turned into a movement and the movement was about finding a way to make statements that somehow equaled what they considered to be the shock and kind of dishonesty and difficulty and drama of the war and nonsense was a big word for the Dot It was so they did some nonsensical things created nonsensical artworks staged nonsensical actions and so on and that grew later into surrealism. So it was a whole long movement and it was directly in response to world war when in fact was started in Zurich which was neutral at the time and so a lot of artists and thinkers went up thinking about things in Zurich and one of the things they were thinking about was how can this be happening and what can we do to respond another movement artistic movement that came out of the shock of World War One was the Bauhaus movement what exactly how would you define that movement about how it was more of a utopian strain it was an effort to start over after all the back house started in Germany and that was not a country that was neutral and that was a country that after World War One was in a great deal of trouble the back was an effort by Walter Gropius and other architects and artists to integrate the arts and politics and culture in a way that had never have been done before and to participate in some way in the education of creative people they were basically saying we don't want to have anything to do with the forefathers who have created this mess we want to start over we want a clean break we want clean beautiful functional lines and furniture and buildings and we want to control it so we talked about Zurich's role in man and Germany's role in the bow House movement following World War one but what about here in the United States how did we respond artistically to that moment there was a tremendous range here there was you know this one artist who decided to go to Paris and fix people's faces there were other artists who were much more escapist in the twenty's is largely seen as a very escapist and individual istic era which to some degree it was but there were still serious or it is. We work there was also a architectural boom certainly in the big cities at the risk I was going up you know elaborate buildings going up in New York and all across the country so that was part of it and that was also part of a kind of utopian strain so there was a whole range from very optimistic we can turn this around we can do it by making beautiful things and then more discouraging movements. We'll have more with w n y c Sara fish go on the effect of World War one on art and culture coming up stick with us. The takeaway is supported by Newman whose yellow green and red approach to categorizing food helps you make better meal choices with the goal of losing weight and keeping it off for good learn more at noon and 000 m. Dot com and at last Ian whether it's keeping thousands of people on the same page are managing projects from start to finish at last and works to unleash the potential of all types of teams with collaboration saw more at last c.n.n. Dot com. Jefferson Public Radio provides an easy way for nonprofit organizations to get the word out about their community events simply visit the j.p. Our website at N.P.R.'s org and click on community calendar once there you'll find some simple instructions on how to post information about your nonprofit groups events so that it's available to both the web visitors and j p r announcers You can also use the site to search for other events happening in the region it's the j.p. Our community calendar. Dot org. I'm Joey Hobson It's been 500 years since the ellipsis was that good and New York Times bestselling author. Says that is the key to getting better at failing because when we fail we can simply see it as a part of our story rather than the end history shows new book is called You are awesome you'll join us next time on here. Join us for here and now Monday 11 here on the news and information service of our. Welcome back to the take away on this Veterans Day I'm Tenzin of a guy and we're looking at how art and culture changed after World War one with Sarah fish go the producer and host of w n y c shellshocked 1019 of the Great War changed culture and one piece of that is how Americans change the way they spend money in the aftermath of the great war another one of the big revelations in this period is the idea of presentation that you know when the world becomes a world when there is a world war and it becomes global you realize that if you present in a certain way it has greater ramifications and so that the these 2 things moving in parallel this not this notion of presenting things in a certain way and Freud who was presenting his own ideas about psychology and about the relationship of the individual to the state and civilization as discontents and all these ideas were changing the way people thought about how they could manipulate people and so it really certainly Bernays was thinking about that when he created this thing called public relations and that really emerged as a major force and it's very tied to World War one because it was really in thinking about how to create an economy that might be equal to the war economy which ended at some point and then the industrialist to know quite what to do that Bernays thought well let's look to Freud Let's talk to my uncle Sigmund it was his uncle and let's see if we can sell people something besides a practical car or a practical item let's see if we can sell them dreams and Freud. Of course had been instrumental in producing the interpretation of dreams just about at the turn of the century so it all kind of came together in this explosion of ideas and manipulation and then. Thinking that really changed everything did the Harlem Renaissance factor into this or was that it part of an outgrowth of what happened in World War One the Harlem Renaissance is very connected to World War One it's kind of an extension of what started in the black migration and because of World War One a lot of the factories emptied out of men working in them of white men and those jobs could then be filled by people who came north then a lot of black soldiers went to France and when they got to France and were very successful there they began to feel for the 1st time as if they too could be considered Americans but when they came back there was a very unfortunate and terrible racist situation and of course in 100-1900 some were of 1900 was part of that so there really had to be the response in New York in particular there was a triumphal March you know with James Reese Europe in the Harlem health fighters and everything seemed so united and so good and then this very negative response very violent response happened and I think the Harlem Renaissance is connected to that in the sense that they wanted to use art. And that is writing and visual imagery to redefine the image of black people that was their goal their stated goal was they wanted to redefine it and so that and that became a very serious movement some of the trends outside of advertising and into film now in the United States that we noticed after World War One were at a patients of Frankenstein The Hunchback of Notre da the Phantom Of The Opera Why was there a demand for these types of stories Well a lot of these older stories from the late 18th and 19th centuries came back because again it goes back to this idea of the body and the face and having seen that much destruction and having lost that many bodies and having seen these these faces these defaced soldiers were very well known in those days they were very they were as widely seen as something could have been seen in those days there were books made with those images and so on I think it's not wrong to to feel that there must have been a reason there must have been a relationship to World War One in these stories being told in these characters defaced or deformed characters had wanted to see them redeemed in some way or wanting to see them play something out because so many of them had died so young so even though it's 20 years later still seems related and that's one of the big ideas in a book David Luban who's one of the speakers in the program which is called grand illusions and it's about America. American Art in the 1st World War and he brings in a lot of these pop culture influences so that's one of his sort of big ideas as those horror films relate so closely why is it important that we remember these. Cultural Movements and that they came from World War One in particular as the United States has now been in a in never ending war or the forever war we've been fighting or now for 18 years why this war in particular why should it be remembered particularly for the cultural effect on society I always think it's interesting to know where things start because it tells you so much about that era and it tells you so much about how we understand things now so for me it's important because so many things have risen and still that started then and to see them in context and to see why they happened and how they happened it seems inevitable that we should be able to understand this especially now we have everything at our fingertips so many books have been written about World War One so many films have taken it on so many people are still thinking about it so many scholars are studying it. And to look at the cultural output of it is just it's just fascinating READY for a fish go is the producer and the host of w. N.y.c. Shellshock 1019 of the great war changed culture READY thanks for talking with us thank you. I'm a disabled p.t.s.d. And sometimes it's really hard to feel anything in the world so I follow the advice of the Dalai Lama and I try to find happiness by being useful and I try to do good things for somebody every day in the hopes that some time it will come back to me sometimes what you least expected. Yes. That's our show for today enjoy your Veteran's Day And as always thank you veterans for your service and thanks so much for listening I'm Kinzinger Vega and this is the takeaway. 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J p r recognizes the nonprofit community support of the Schneider Museum of Art at Southern Oregon University on Saturday November 16th and Saturday December 7th the museum will host Free Family Day with hands on art and exploration activities free family day is sponsored by the Rotary Club of Ashland The Schneider Museum of Art is located at the corner of Siskiyou Boulevard and Indiana street in Ashland with unrestricted one hour parking located directly behind the museum more information at s.m.a. Dot s.o.u. Dot edu. This is the news and information service of southern Oregon University's Jefferson Public Radio 12 30 am k s j k talent at 9 30 am k a.g.i. Grants Pass also heard in the road Valley at one o 2.3 f.m. News of the region the nation and the world running for here and now comes from Mathworks creators of Matlab and Simulink software accelerating the pace of engineering and science learn more and Mathworks dot com from n.p.r. And Boston I'm Tanya mostly I'm Jeremy Hobson. Coming up The Washington prepares for the 1st public hearings in the impeachment inquiry 3 diplomats will testify this week about President Trump's Ukraine call also Bolivia's leader steps down amid violent protests and a call from military leaders if the minute she had told. Him to step down makes you wonder what that means for Bolivia and author Neil pass reaches says aspects of the modern world designed to make us happier might be backfiring you can press a button these days in the car whisks home you have take a wedding on your front porch where live like kings but the side effect of looking like that is that we no longer have the tools to handle failure coming up here and now. The news is 1st live from n.p.r. News in Washington I'm Lakshmi saying this is the 1st week that the u.s. House his impeachment inquiry into President Trump goes public the 1st 3 witnesses testimony will be available on multimedia platforms one prominent Republican opposed to Trump's impeachment is the president's former ambassador to the United Nations Nikki Haley was among the few top aides to depart the administration on apparently good terms with the president he gave her a warm sendoff while others including former Secretary of State Rex Tillerson and former White House chief of staff John Kelly got a far chillier exit Haleigh's new memoir or.