N.p.r. The World Trade Organization is giving China the go ahead to impose sanctions on nearly $3600000000.00 worth of u.s. Goods the decision over the u.s. Government's failure to abide by antidumping rules with regard to Chinese products try to follow the complaint with the w t o nearly 6 years ago well before the start of the current us China trade fight parts of the 27000 ruling when in China's favor the 15 month long Ebola outbreak in Democratic Republic of Congo is showing no signs of letting up but the number of new infections has stabilized and read Eisenman has this update from the World Health Organization for more than a month now the number of new Ebola infections has hovered around 20 per week and this latest report from the World Health Organization suggests that's the new normal for this outbreak the good news is that's a much lower case count compared to last spring when the epidemic was at its peak also the cases have been mostly limited to a small rural zone but this week 2 people infected there shut up in a nearby city that had been Ebola free for weeks and the deadly Cho says that's a reminder that until this outbreak is brought to a close the risk of it spreading again remains high rate Eisenman n.p.r. News the manufacturing sector showed further signs of slowing last month that is the 3rd straight monthly decline in manufacturing the stood for Supply Management a key purchasing managers group says its manufacturing index moved up a bit from the previous month but at $48.00 still remains weak any reading below 50 shows the manufacturing sector contracting while the reading above 50 indicates expansion I'm Jack Speer n.p.r. News in Washington support for n.p.r. Comes from n.p.r. Stations other contributors include a neon with parasite a dark comedy thriller about 2 very different families whose fates cross in a tale of class greed and deception now playing in select cities parasite dash movie for more theater and photo. K.s. J.d. Is supported by the Region 9 economic development district of Southwest Colorado offering flexible loan programs to help small businesses with capital expansion and job creation find out more as well as about their micro loan program for qualifying businesses at scan dot org. From n.p.r. News this is All Things Considered I'm healthy Chang and I'm Mary Louise Kelly when everything is said and done and the history of the impeachment inquiry is written this past week will likely go down as a key chapter because it marked the 1st time that people who actually heard the July call between President Trump and the president of Ukraine testified before Congress this was also the week the House of Representatives voted on the ground rules for the inquiry here to take stock of what we have just lived through and what we have learned that we didn't know at this hour last Friday congressional correspondent Susan Davis and justice correspondent Ryan Lucas Hello you to say that Heather let us begin with the witnesses and this very 1st testimony from someone who was on that July 25th phone call his name is Lieutenant Colonel Alexander veteran he serves on the president's National Security Council Ryan what did he say Well Vin Minh testified that he had concerns about that July 25th phone call that the president had with Zelinsky he didn't think that it was proper for Trump to ask Zelinsky to end to to investigate the Bidens binman was so concerned about this that he says he sounded the alarm he told lawmakers that on 2 occasions he registered his concerns about these efforts to pressure Ukraine to investigate the Bidens and importantly he also said that he believed that demanding that a foreign government investigate a u.s. Citizen would quote undermine u.s. National security that's what he said in his opening statement and of course that's a key question for Democrats in pursuing this a Pietschmann he also presented a really powerful visual image in case it was lost on anybody that this is an active duty Army Colonel testifying about the actions of his commander in chief he showed up he showed up on the Hill in full military dress how did the White House respond Well the president didn't take too kindly to this he attacked binman on Twitter he called him a never trump or and that's for Trump will just point this out again but go on exactly he works in National Security Council works for Trump but this criticism from the president led to something that we haven't seen a lot of and that is. Republican lawmakers some at least breaking with the president on this they said they didn't agree with Bin minister Sarah Lee but they didn't think that it was proper to attack a decorated military officer remember Vin is an Iraq war veteran this is what Wyoming Republican Liz Cheney who's a member of House g.o.p. Leadership had to say I think that we need to show that we are better than that as a nation their patriotism their love of country we're talking about decorated veterans who have served this nation who put their lives on the line and it is shameful to question their patriotism their love of this nation and we should not be involved in that process Ok let's go to the next critical witness and I'm going to throw this one your way Sue Davis Tim Morrison This is another top National Security Council official another person who was on that July phone call how did he advance our understanding of events so Morrison is someone who could connect a lot of the dots and his testimony essentially corroborated the key facts in the case which I don't think are in any dispute now is important to understand on July 25th the president had a phone call with the Ukrainian president and asked him to conduct a number of investigations including into the Biden family the administration also took proactive steps to withhold military aid from Ukraine as a point as a leverage point to ask for those investigations that testimony aligns with past testimony Another important factor corroborates what Bill Taylor the top diplomat Ukraine also testified under oath before Congress however what Morrison did say in a detail that Republicans are going to go back to time and time again is he testified that when he heard that phone call in real time he did not believe anything illegal had taken place no crime no crime and that's one of the Republicans in the room hearing this testimony Mark Meadows said that he thought that was a very good thing for the president I think it was a great day for America and a great day for the president and if any witness would suggest that the impeachment resolution that was passed earlier today should come to a screeching halt who is this witness Ryan you want to jump in here you know one thing that also. Is that the counterpoint the Democrats have made to this Morrison statement of he didn't think that it was illegal is that that's really neither here nor there the question in an impeachment inquiry is whether. Lawmakers believe that it rises to the level of an impeachable offense of a hit or of a high crime and misdemeanors Ok One of the thing to note from this week there were a lot of people Congress would have loved to have heard from and didn't something in people like Charles Cupper men a former deputy to John Bolton somebody else they would like to hear from John Bolton being the former national security adviser to the president says he's not going to come testify until a court orders him to do so it had been an interesting reminder Ryan that not everybody is complying here no not everyone is Compline But Democrats are not interested when it comes to the impeachment inquiry of litigating this they aren't interested in court battles House Intelligence chairman Adam Schiff who is leading this impeachment inquiry made that clear again this week in terms of how we will use litigation not use litigation we are not willing to allow the White House to engage us in a lengthy game of rope a dope in the ports so we pressed forward and there could be more folks who don't show up the inquiry has called several people to testify next week that includes John Bolton and according to our reporting here at n.p.r. Bolton is likely not show up either so Sue let's go to what is coming next are we looking toward the end of the all the behind closed doors stuff and moving more into public testimony Yeah I mean that's what it seemed that the resolution that the Democrats passed on the floor this week that also calls for public hearings in the depositions to be released Speaker Nancy Pelosi said they are marking the next phase in this investigation she told Bloomberg News today that she believes the public hearings will take place this month and we are sort of shifting out of the private closed door phase into the public face you mentioned this resolution and I want to stay with that for 2nd because it passed all most completely along straight party lines not a single Republican voted for it only 2 Democrats voted against it a quick take from both of you maybe you 1st rain any chance of bipartisanship breaking out here. I would be. As I mean this is a pretty good reflection of just how divided the country is right now Democrats have had some momentum in recent weeks as they've had people come up to the Hill and testify but the most recent poll out this week is from a.b.c. News Washington Post and it showed that 49 percent of respondents to the poll say Trump should be impeached and removed from office about the same 47 percent say he should not and that's where things stands right now these closed door testimony the investigation behind closed doors appears to be wrapping up the question for all of us now though is whether the public hearings public testimony will shift public opinion at all Sue is the g.o.p. Going to break from Trump you know and I think the thing you have to remember is that the president is still popular by about 90 percent with Republicans and the fastest way to lose a Republican primary in 2020 would probably be to take a stance against the president right now the other thing that's important remember on the other side is 29 of the 31 House Democrats who represent districts Donald Trump one voted for that impeachment investigation so it also shows you that Democrats are not necessarily afraid of the politics here and they think it's on their side in the minute we have left does the impeachment of Donald Trump feel more inevitable now than it did at this point last week Suz Yeah absolutely I don't think Democrats would have brought that resolution to the floor if they did not know that impeachment proceedings in the Judiciary Committee were the next step I mean I agree it does feel as though we are certainly on an inevitable slide to that at this point or an inevitable drive to that depends on how you view it and there are clear signs senators are already preparing for trial they are promising to give serious consideration to whatever the House decides they say they're going to conduct a fair trial senators at this point don't want to talk about which way they're going to fall on this they love to talk about being jurors and that is what lies ahead it may be that this will probably actually move into the Senate early next year is n.p.r. Justice correspondent Ryan Lucas and n.p.r. Congressional correspondent Susan Davis thanks to both You're welcome thank you. Chicago public schools students were back in their classrooms today for the 1st time in 2 weeks Union and district leaders reached a deal Wednesday teachers have been striking over problems the district has faced for years including the need for more social workers nurses and school counselors Easy's Andriana Cardona McGee God was at Lara autonomy a South Side school on the 1st day back. I am radio this morning at night Academy was joyful students and teachers had big smiles as they arrived assistant principal receiver by the Joe is how tag reading students were happy to be back to normal and get going again you know the building was opened and they live in days but on strike to give students a place to go but they didn't show up it was sad and devastating every day seeing our teachers go through that and in our kids you know so we're so happy I we have to be that guys yes yes Stephens in have much to do at home aside from watching t.v. And running errands and doing chores many parents took their kids to work and quickly ran out of ideas on how to keep their kids entertained when the only ones getting restless Welcome back how are you this but you know if the principle holds she's never kept a close eye on the news each day well all I was doing was watching Twitter and waiting to hear and trying to get a sense of what was happening around. You know and we would greet that we would go out and visit the teachers you know try to keep a positive attitude with them spend lots of money and donuts and coffee during the week for them and you're not welcome back teachers fought hard to get a nurse and a social worker in every school in allied Academy that's a big When the majority of students there are low income some deal with violence in their neighborhood so I think I'm going to show she workers your home on a regular basis is going to help I'm glad to know we're putting some dollars to it so we can make sure that the kids that need support are getting support He's also happy about adding more Special Education case managers but we have a wonderful counselor who does the case manager had been doing case managing. Now my assistant principal took it over but it is a full time job aside from more support staff the union negotiated for $35000000.00 to reduce overcrowded classrooms they also got a 16 percent raise over 5 years but there were other demands that the chairs the thing gets. Argue the seat is bad you couldn't support everything the union won it like an additional 30 minutes of prep time back in the classroom 4th grade teacher says he's worried about students now lagging behind that. This was really rough 2 weeks and then you lose a lot of instruction time and the kids especially some of the kids that really enjoying this might be their own the safe zone you welcome students as if they were back from vacation some kids Joe anybody you want to were. Teachers still need to write Friday Agreement for now knowing is a no that teachers will be making up for the base for n.p.r. News I am. In Chicago. This is n.p.r. News the Marketplace Morning Report on chaos j.t. Is supported by Edward Jones knowing their clients personally is what they do auto ferry and is your Cortez Edward Jones Financial Advisor located on the corner of chestnut and monism Avenue Edward Jones making sense of investing member s.i.p.c. More information at Edward Jones dot com. Elections are all about choices and it can be tough to keep up with the campaigns on Morning Edition we profile the candidates dig into the controversies and examine the political issues with a well balanced analysis and reporting on local and national levels so as 2020 approaches make the right decision to stay informed listen to Morning Edition every day from n.p.r. News. Every weekday morning from 5 to 9 am. Support for n.p.r. Comes from this station and from Zoom Zoom offers cloud video conferencing online meetings and a video conference room solution and one platform featuring digital video and audio with screen sharing account registration and more at Zoom dot us from Fidelity Investments taking a personalized approach to helping clients grow preserve and manage their wealth learn more at fidelity dot com slash wealth fidelity brokerage services. And from the listeners who support this n.p.r. Station. From n.p.r. News this is All Things Considered I'm else the Chuang And I'm Mary Louise Kelly it's not every Friday you can go hang with Jane Fonda as she whips up a crowd all of us are going to be in the streets right. And we have to protest all of us are going to put our bodies on the line right ahead of him and gets arrested at the u.s. Capitol thanks if this fall it is every Friday that is Jane Fonda getting arrested today for civil disobedience 4th week running the Hollywood icon a lifelong activist now in her eighty's is here in Washington protesting lack of action on climate change her plan is to do this 14 weeks in a row every Friday she wears bright red more on that in a sack We caught up with her this morning before the big event protesters had been told to gather in a Lutheran church across the street from the Capitol a clipboard on a table by the door instructed people if you were planning to risk of arrest today please fill out a form and found out work the crowd sharing tips eat now she said you may not get food for a while Oh if you leave here well that's the last years in like 4 or 5 I managed to steer her off to a side room to ask why she's doing this and how exactly she's thinking about reducing her footprint on the planet I drive an electric car I recycle I I've cut way back on red meat single use plastics are gone yeah but did you fight to get here yes yeah yeah and. You know you have to sort of way is that is it will I be doing more good to come here and hold these rallies and you know I made the decision that it was more important to come of the gazillion things you've protested and that you could be out here protesting why this one will because this is the one I mean this is it we only have 11 years 11 years last year the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change issued its report these are the top climate scientists and they said if we are going to turn this around before it's too late meaning before the whole ecosystem begins to unravel and there's nothing we can do about it we have 12 years to turn it around that was last year so we now have 11 years you're almost saying we won't have the chance to protest all the other important stuff women's rights made American right something your things you protested about in past if we don't get the climate thing right well there well there won't be a democracy to worry about there won't be an economy to try to Kit's stable I mean . This is the existential crisis and that word is almost become overused but but you know this is this is it and if we don't do what's needed it will be chaos and you can't have a stable economy and chaos there will be health pandemics that are going there will be mean according to the site tens of millions of people trying to flee countries that are uninhabitable. So how's it been going what kind of turnout have you got. These 1st 3 were no on the 4th Friday has been coming people have been coming from far wider areas than I would have thought from Minnesota from Canada people are flying in for this or driving or driving and busing and training but it's like every seems like everybody in the world knows about this there's been global press about it people young women have dressed as me with my red coat for elbowing I mean it's you wearing the right you're wearing this gorgeous long sweeping red coat you write every last thing I will buy I bought this on sale because I needed something red and I'm not going to buy anything more why read by the way when I hear climate fire fire drill and the reason we call it fire drill is because Greg has said we have to act like our house is on fire because it is and I just under 16 year old yeah he does that it wasn't just a Swedish student and so where the fire drill Friday. Walk me through just these last 3 Fridays getting arrested Ok but you know 1st I want to just tell you I can benefit from white privilege I'm famous on top of that so everything is going to be very nice and polite I can't pretend that if I was an unknown black person it would be the same now but because of celebrity and white privilege. It's a kind of a ritual they give you 3 warnings and if you don't leave on the 3rd morning they handcuff you with these white plastic things that hurt more than the metal ones do you get put into a police wagon and the last 2 times we've been taken to a warehouse and we're there for the Wellesley the last time about 45 hours processed and at the end you know some printed pay 50 dollars and leave now I was given a court date because this is my 4th. Today marks are 4 and I might spend the night in jail tonight. Because being arrested again before my court date. Might get me an overnight imprint in jail. But it's for people who've never been arrested it's a very profound experience the prospect of spending a night in jail doesn't. Scarier doesn't give you pause at all 2 years older No no I don't it's very hard to scare me intimacy maybe but not jail. Jane Fonda thank you what can I say a few more things you may you know. Because we are advocating for a green new deal and then people say oh my god it's socialism and the people who say that who are supporters of the fossil fuel industry I'll tell you what socialism is it's American taxpayers supporting subsidizing the fossil fuel industry I mean we are underwriting the very people that are depriving our children of the future and that that is what we should be angry about the thing with climate changes it's not like anyone is unaware of it it's not like there's not a ton of information out there if you want to. Read up on it why do you think it hasn't registered and isn't completely dominating the conversation as you clearly feel it should be well people know all the science but they don't quite understand how close the tipping point is I'm a climate activists and I didn't really realize that you know it's true with everything was true with the atty Vietnam War movement things go along and they go along and they go along and then something happens and. It's things change same of the civil rights movement the women's movement in the l.g.b. T.q. Movement so it's rather than say and nothing has happened recognise that a lot has happened we are building and building and building and I believe that by next November we're going to see unprecedented amount of action around climate I think it's going to be quite astounding what we're going to see happen. Such really the last coat you're ever going to buy not just the last coat I'm not buying any more clothes period period you've got enough Yeah I want to say to people you know I grew up at a time when consumerism wasn't hadn't become this major disease in the United States and we have to get back to living in balance not always wanting more I want to bigger thing than you do I want to better house than you have I want a bigger yacht than you have I want more clothes not just anough is enough enough is good enough and I can't say get out of your comfort zone if I haven't done it yeah yeah. Jane Fonda she is out of her comfort zone tonight when we last checked with her team they said she does expect to spend the night in jail and then be arraigned tomorrow at d.c. Superior court she told me she'll be back for testing again next Friday. This is n.p.r. News some of the funds for kids j.t. Come from the federal government and some contributions come from businesses and foundations we count on those funds to keep us on the air but the greatest and most dependable source of funding comes from listeners like you day after day year after year cast j.d. Depends on you your gift along with the contributions of others keeps public broadcasting alive support his j.d. Now at k s j d o r g. It's All Things Considered from n.p.r. News I'm also Chang and I'm Mary Louise Kelly coming up a new drug therapy for cystic fibrosis targets the genetic mutation that causes the disease that has been 30 years that we've been hoping dreaming for a day like this where you could look at data and just absolutely your jaw drops because it is so impressive now news. Live from n.p.r. News in Culver City California I'm to Wayne Brown the strong Santa Ana winds have eased as firefighters battle yet another blaze northwest of Los Angeles the Maria fire erupted last night in a scorched more than 14 square miles in an area known for its citrus crops Carol Sat's minute member station k.c. R.w. Reports a break in the Santa Ana winds that have been hammering southern California all week is giving firefighters hope of getting a handle on the Maria fire before it grows into a monster Ventura County Fire spokesman Brian McGrath says that at times the aerial assault on the fire has been hampered by people trying to record video from above we have had to ground our helicopters twice because the drones being flown in the Santa Paula area another blaze the easy fire that threaten the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library is still burning 2 years ago the Thomas fire destroyed more than 1000 homes in Ventura and Santa Barbara for n.p.r. News I'm Carol Sat's min in Los Angeles the government says employers added a solid 128000 jobs in October although hiring has slowed this year the figure was held down by a 40 day strike against General Motors because several 1000 workers be temporarily counted as unemployed and Swonk is chief economist at Grant Thornton in Chicago I think the big picture here is we've slowed from last year quite considerably from 223008 month 216-7008 month and the unemployment rate ticked up just a bit to 3.6 percent they report suggests the economy has enough strength to keep expanding despite threats from overseas and political tensions here at home former Texas congressman better O'Rourke is dropping out of the Democratic race for president or work fail to recapture the support and enthusiasm he garnered last year when he narrowly lost a bid for the Senate against Republican Ted Cruz stocks finished higher on Wall Street you're listening to n.p.r. News. President Trump says British Prime Minister Boris Johnson's brags that withdrawal agreement will prevent the u.s. From striking a free trade deal with the u.k. N.P.R.'s Frank Langfitt explains from London Trump made his comments in a phone call to the talk radio show of his friend Nigel for August leader of Britain's breakfast party to be honest with you this deal under certain aspects of the deal. You can't do it. You can try out I mean we can't make a trade deal with the u.k. You know explain his reasoning this is a blow to Johnson who has sold bricks and in part as an opportunity to strike lucrative trade deals uncovered by the European Union in response Johnson's government said the deal will allow the u.k. To strike deals with a range of growing economies Trump added that he supports Johnson in the upcoming election here against Labor Party leader Jeremy Corben who Trump said would be quote so bad Frank Langfitt n.p.r. News London with hollowing behind us retailers are now looking for ways to get shoppers thinking about Christmas as they face the shortest holiday shopping season since 2013 this year Thanksgiving falls on November 28th leaving the holiday shopping season with 6 fewer days than last year retail giant Wal-Mart began offering holiday deals online more than a week ago while sales and jewelers stepped up ad advertising specifically between August and October stocks finished higher to end the week on Wall Street you're listening to n.p.r. News. Support for n.p.r. Comes from this station and from c 3 dot a i c 3 dot a I's software enables organizations to use artificial intelligence at enterprise scale solving previously unsolvable business problems learn Morrisey 3 dot Ai and from Progressive Insurance committed to protecting cars and drivers whether on the open road or having a driveway moment while listening to n.p.r. Learn more at progressive dot com or 1800 progressive. From n.p.r. News this is All Things Considered I'm not the Chang and I'm Mary Louise Kelly New Hope this week for tens of thousands of patients living with cystic fibrosis scientists have unveiled a promising therapy a combination of 3 drugs that target a genetic mutation that causes cystic fibrosis which affects the Longs and can cause respiratory failure this new therapy could benefit 90 percent of patients with the disease Dr Francis Collins is director of the National Institutes of Health and he's one of the scientists who discovered the gene defect behind cystic fibrosis 30 years ago Dr Collins welcome thank you great to be with you so I saw that you wrote in a blog post you are overjoyed just tell me how it feels to be able to announce this . Oh Wow Mary Louise it has been 30 years that we've been open and dreaming for a day like this where you could look at data and just absolutely your jaw drops because it is so impressive and so good now we are at the point with this triple therapy where 90 percent of people with cystic fibrosis are going to have substantial and amazing benefit from the drug therapy that looks as if it will convert what has been otherwise a very threatening and potentially fatal disease into a chronic illness that's going to require treatment but which should allow people to live much more normal lives waiting 30 years and having this happen yeah I'm overjoyed I have it when you say convert this to more of a chronic disease that can be managed that sounds similar to I don't know more like diabetes or something is that the way you're thinking about it I think this is more in a place where you could say this is becoming a manageable chronic disease like diabetes like arthritis where you know you're still going to need that treatment these drugs will need to be taken but they have this remarkable ability to correct the protein that's not doing its job which is the problem in cystic fibrosis that we discovered 30 years ago right and I understand that part of what's so critical here is that this drug therapy targets the genetic root of the disease not just treating the symptoms is that right that's absolutely right the drug therapy is designed to specifically encourage this protein that is misspelled and it is folded improperly to get its folding correct and to get itself to the right location in the cell and then gives it a little kick to get it to activate its functions and I think a lot of people thought that was going to be almost impossible to compensate for but here we are there's a a line from The Washington Post story about this that I was just reading that I'm going to I'm going to read in full because I found it so moving patients who were unsure about whether they should bother attending college. Because they'd always known they would die young are now being told they should think about planning for retirement Yes it's amazing it is amazing you might have thought people would have after a while just said oh heck it's not going to work nobody ever said that for 30 years this journey has been pursued by thousands of scientists from all sorts of different perspectives and all of us gathered right now in Nashville Tennessee are having a pretty big celebration as we mentioned this new drug therapy could benefit 90 percent of people with cystic fibrosis What about the other 10. We must not abandon the 10 percent of people for whom these drugs will not provide benefit and everybody was working on cystic fibrosis is 100 percent behind that sentiment and the good news is there is now a lot of momentum to get to that place as well and ultimately to develop not just a drug therapy but it's your one more practical question which is this there are pieces for expensive a year's treatment is going to cost more than $300000.00 will patients have access to it now that it exists the cost is very high here I know the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation which has been such an amazing supporter of patient needs is going to be working very hard to be sure that no patient who needs access to this treatment is going to be deprived because of financial reasons and I think the company will also try to work on the price tags and all breathtaking but something will need to be done to be sure that nobody misses the chance for a new life with this opportunity in front of them I can hear the joy in your voice as as we are discussing this and how but I am told that after you 1st today in a fight the cystic fibrosis gene you wrote a song did we sang it this morning and would you share a tiny bit with us sure. The song is called Dare to dream and I wrote it at a time where yes we understood what the d.n.a. Misspelling was but we were a long way from knowing how that could help people on their purity Clee and choruses did a dream of all our brothers and sisters breathing free and all our brothers and sisters grieving and free a. To bring. Hope sons. Storing Seattle. To that one more time and we saying that this morning here. In Nashville at the major cystic fibrosis meeting and I rather had a borrowed guitar and stood up in front of 5000 people and put the chorus up on the screen and they stood up and they sang their hearts out and it was hard to keep going and not just get choked up it was a moment let's turn the story see have been to hear there are a a. Lot of. That is an aged director Dr Francis Collins talking about this new therapy a combination of 3 drugs that could help up to 90 percent of people currently living with cystic fibrosis Dr Collins thank you very much you're welcome and now let's shift our attention to the economy USA rocks that is part of a tweet from President Trump he was reacting to a better than expected jobs report u.s. Employers added 128000 jobs last month Wall Street was also cheered by the report N.P.R.'s Scott Horsley reports forecasters were expecting much gloomier news about the job market in part because of the General Motors strike which idled tens of thousands of workers the u.a.w. Approved a new contract with g.m. a Week ago Randy Freeman of Local 652 says his members are glad to be back at work we've got a couple of stamping plants if they went back Saturday and the rest of them all started that one day the g.m. Strike did put a dent in the jobs number but that was more than offset by strong hiring elsewhere economist Sara house of Wells Fargo Securities notes job gains for August and September were also revised up and players are still out there hiring more people are collecting a paycheck u.s. Factories are still feeling the effects of the president's trade war manufacturing activity declined in October for the 3rd month in a row that Klein was smaller than in September but Timothy Fiore of the Institute for Supply Management says factory managers are still nervous there's a wariness around a tariff issue even if the terror. Listed uncertainty that they could come back is probably going to freeze investment until we have some better understanding of what 2021 looks like manufacturers are especially vulnerable to the trade war and a slowing demand in overseas markets businesses that cater to domestic customers such as hospitality and health care are doing better the Federal Reserve chairman Jerome pals says he and his colleagues are watching for a slowdown there but so far they're not seeing it consumers are doing well and are focused on the good job market and rising incomes and that's the principal focus that is the thing that's pushing the economy forward and it doesn't seem to have been affected so far by weakness in the other areas with lots of people working consumers do have money to spend over the last 12 months average hourly wages have increased by 3 percent unemployment in just up in October but only because hundreds of thousands of new people join the workforce while the overall economy is slowing employers demand for workers is still going strong Scott Horsley n.p.r. News Washington. You're listening to All Things Considered from n.p.r. News. The Iowa caucuses are less than $100.00 days away it's the 1st contest of the 2020 election cycle and tonight is a really important night for the candidates to show whether they have what it takes to win there been pep rallies and parades all around morning as the candidates converge on a big sports arena for the liberty and justice celebration a major Iowa Democratic fundraiser N.P.R.'s asthma Khalid is in Des Moines and joins us now by Asma Ailsa So this is a huge night for Democrats and I I can just catch us up for a little bit on the latest on where this race stands to show it will also I should start with simply igloos that former Texas congressman dead or war is withdrawing from this presidential race and he's out with a medium post basic reason that he does not see a path forward for him and he feels like it's in the best interests of the party the best interests of the country if you withdraw is it just points. Beyond that though also I mean really at this point I would say that the race is looking really . We see in the most recent poll showing a top tier that's Elizabeth Warren Bernie Sanders. But it's kind of crowded up there and I would say really to me one of the most interesting things to watch for tonight is how people who judge performs this is a big night where you know in the past we've seen some presidential candidates really have kind of a breakout moment Pete has been surging I think the big question for a lot of folks is he's been raising a lot of money but but where does he go from here and I think a lot of people watching that has been surging Joe Biden had been the clear front runner in this race but that is no longer the case at least in Iowa I understand that you can now with in the last couple days there what if you seen. This right you know as I suggested earlier Joe Biden you know certainly he started off this race is a clear well known national front runner here in Iowa his fortunes have been falling I was out on the road with him and one of the things I'll point out is that you know when you go out to events of his you know there's a lot of people at this point who haven't made up their mind yet as they're going to vote for him when I talk to them some of them will point me out you know that they're really interested in someone like. You might have a similar centrist more moderate vision but poses a sort of generational change or they're interested they say and. They see as being a fighter you know certainly he does have a group of diehard supporters they feel like he has the experience in the foreign policy credentials but there are certainly people I would say on both ends of the spectrum whether it's. Trying to learn some of their supporters their way now on Warren she just released her plan for Medicare for all today specifically how to pay for it without raising middle class taxes as you've been talking of what has been the reaction to her proposal. Somebody has released a lot of plans but this is perhaps the most politically. And that her campaign is released. Notably Joe Biden feels like this is not realistic mathematical gymnastics she was fairly defiant though in the face of criticism today. All the numbers are there and if someone wants to join this plan Well I'm glad for any one to do that but if they have a different plan then they need to explain how they're going to go up to 26000000 people who have no health insurance coverage and so what I'm really curious I'll be out with her tomorrow is her ability to convince voters that this is something they should rally around I'm not sure that she'll be able to do that but will sort of see how she's able to convince whether she's been successful with some other more radical ideas That's N.P.R.'s. Considered from n.p.r. News. Programming in media director we. Get interrupted you get to work and. The kids start fighting and you need to break things up or you just need some peace and quiet understand just remember that you can always come back to our website. Where we always post morning interviews music. Listening interruptions. Are you looking for a fun festive place to have a holiday party for your office Argan ization the sunflower theater is the perfect place we can accommodate different types of events and can provide better service and spin Tunes contact us at Sunflower theater dot au i-g. For more information. This is All Things Considered from n.p.r. News I'm Melissa Chang and I'm Mary Louise Kelly as online shopping has grown in popularity so too has the number of online returns one place that is especially true is Germany online shoppers their return more goods than in any other European nation Alexey Horwitz Gazi from our Planet Money podcast looked into why Germans seem to love returning and how some companies are working to cut down the cost to find out what's behind Germany's online returning spree I called up economist Garrett Heinonen he's an online retail expert but perhaps more importantly he's got a front row seat to modern shopping culture I have 3 daughters millionaire and so I'm always looking what they're doing so you have kind of a focus group in your house yes and less and less money. He says to understand how Germans got so comfortable with returning things you have to go way back to before the internet it started with a major retailer us mail order retail think like the Sears catalog it's been big in Germany for a long time and returns are kind of built into the way it works there German consumers will order from a catalog and receive the goods before they pay whatever they like they keep and pay for the rest they send back and I even says when online retail started taking off in the late ninety's politicians put that same idea into a consumer protection law known as the right of revocation by law consume us can return within 2 weeks without a reason so he says when mega retailer Amazon came to town offering cheap and easy returns Germans were primed to take full advantage and he says that similar policies have since become the norm and business setting the standards he says German online retailers have had to match Amazon's return policies in order to compete for customers especially younger shoppers who like to try things on before they commit to buying them young Christian might be the biggest problem because for . Are pushing the return rates and with rising rates come higher costs both environmental costs all the packaging and fossil fuels it takes to transport sort and restock returned goods and economic costs one of the companies trying to engineer a solution to some of these costs is Germany's 3rd largest online retailer. Which specializes in clothing we have some 2000 brands on the platform that's a whole lot of slight variations to sizing system station a car is one of the people tasked with reducing Zealander's return rate which is around 50 percent of all items sold so what we try to do is help customers find the right fit the 1st time through offering algorithmic size advice that sounds very complicated. It is but for our customers it's really simple we just tell them hey these jeans run a little bit big you might take one size down Karner team analyze real time returns data looking for patterns in the reasons customers give for sending items back but also employ a team of fitting models to help offer sizing advice like Lizzie sell my whole life everything has fit like I'm actually the most dander human meat that sounds like a super power yes it is but I will only use it for good sell in the rest of the models spend their days listening to disco looking very hip and trying on new items before they hit the website I think I've tried to make 15000 just it's kind of thing so I've got a really good sense of how things should this is a lot of says it's managed to reduce the number of size and fit related returns by about 4 percent over the last couple years but given that the company is growing by over 20 percent each year it's clear there's still a long way to go Alexey Horowitz Gazi n.p.r. News. Support for Planet Money comes from Baird for 100 years Baird has partnered with individuals businesses institutions and communities working together toward their financial goals more information is available at Baird 100 dot com. Martin Scorsese's new movie The Irishman reunites him for the 1st time in decades with Robert De Niro his star from Taxi Driver Mean Streets and Goodfellas Al Pacino and Joe Pesci costar in The Irishman and critic Bob Mondello says they and their director have made an epic that has the feel of history. The opening shot is a callback to that gorgeous unbroken tracking shot score says he used to introduce Goodfellas where the camera followed that film's gangland Narrator At the peak of his career from his current through a crowded kitchen and into a bustling nightclub this time the camera isn't following the Irishman's gang land narrator it's looking for him you might say from the other end of his career travelling down nursing home corridors until it finds him sitting in a wheel chair faced lying Carol White Robert De Niro as hitman Frank Hiro looking back on a career that started decades earlier when he worked for mob boss Russell Buffel Leno played by Joe Pass Frank remembers the night before Leno introduced him to a big shot who would change his life this is a night that that kid I was taught to do you have to put him on a fall late off the hook a 0 actor's Deniro and past year both in their seventy's but they've been digitally de age for these flashbacks to roughly their forty's a trick that is visually disconcerting at 1st their eyes look right skin not entirely but you get used to it also appearing younger than his mid seventies is the guy on the phone played by Al Pacino are your friends as Jimmy Hoffa. But as a major Well glad to meet you too even if it's over the phone I heard you bring down his painting houses is code they're talking about blood spattered on walls because by the early 1960 s. Frank who was real this story is based on a chronicle of his life was deep in the embrace of the Buffalo you know family you wanted somebody whacked Frank was your guy and this being a score says he flick there are a lot of whacking ones that are in pursuit of mob justice of political justice with regard to the Kennedy family and also in pursuit of union justice which can be just as rough as the other kinds when the Teamsters and Jimmy Hoffa are involved assassinations and assassination attempts are this film's stock in trade with larger than life office surviving one then grandstanding for the. Charge a guy with a gun with a knife you run away so you're charged with a gun when I feel right for the 1st 2 of the films luxuriously rich 3 and a half hours the Irishman offers the sort of raucous splattering mob movie spectacle that Scott says he's so often trafficked in sometimes presented with resonance and majesty sometimes with inventive little quirks minor characters with colorful names for instance introduced with their freeze frame that notes when they will ultimately die and how the screenplay is quirky to when say a minor mobster disrespects Pacino's Jimmy Hoffa I never waited for anyone who was really more than 10 minutes in my lights and stay safe they insisted right now at 10 that's not enough you have to pay traffic into account if that starts right I'm do on I'm taking traffic at work now that's right it's $10.00 and I still say 1st thing 10 about 12 and a half minutes there we go and while the middle right now middle you would have felt good of that morning 10 is saying so is say something every damn here. Says what it says Steve Zaillian screenplay says what it says precisely and with eloquence especially as Gore says he nudges the actors in sadder directions and the story gets more invested in Los for a while the Irishman is like many mob movies about violence and betrayal it's a work of a filmmaker who has earned the right to sum up this genre so it's also about regrets remorse reckoning. And Elegy I'm Bob Mondello. Thanks for listening to All Things Considered from n.p.r. News support for n.p.r. Comes from this station and from Ebsco leveraging the expertise behind signal to provide tools that support nurses with dynamic health and evidence based resource nurses learn skills to further impact patient care more at Health dot dot com. From little passports a monthly subscription service for kids each package includes games souvenirs and activities from a new country designed to spark curiosity and cultures around the globe at little passports dot com slash radio and from the law firm Cooley l.l.p. With offices in the u.s. Europe and Asia Cooley advises entrepreneurs' investors financial institutions and established companies around the world where innovation meets the law this is case j.d. Ideas stories community $91.00 k. Street he Cortez 90.5 ks e t 2089 point 5 k. I c o Rico we're broadcasting from the corner of Main Market Streets in downtown Cortez in through the following translators k 215 f I Pleasantview at 90.9 and k 2168 doors at 91 point one. Nov 1st 1991.