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Dot org Hello I'm Charles Havilland Welcome to the world this week the program that tells you how the world has changed in the past 7 days this was the week when Catalonia tried to hold a referendum on independence the Spanish government took an unyielding hard line declaring it hadn't even happened our correspondents view many people say here that the majority government has created more separatists than the castle and regional government ever did the week when a country music concert in Las Vegas turned to mass slaughter I and when a speech intended to reinforce the or Thora tea of the British prime minister to resign May did anything but they will oversee the biggest expansion in training for doctors and nurses. And we. And after the divorce the remarriage how mass and Fatah try getting back together all that after this. Hello I'm Marion Marshall with the b.b.c. News opponents of Catalonia his bid for independence from Spain and planning a big demonstration in Madrid today separately people who won the crisis to be resolved through dialogue have been urged to protest outside town halls across Spain James Reynolds examines the options open to the 2 sides there's a lot of pressure on the prime minister Mariano to Hoyer to take action particularly in the conservative media and even from one of his predecessors as well they want him to invoke an articled constitution which would allow the Spanish government to dissolve self rule in Catalonia but there have been signs in the last 24 hours that each side Madrid and Barcelona may be taking a half step back from the brink there's been an apology from the earth origins in Madrid about the police actions of the referendum last Sunday and the authorities in Barcelona the devolved authorities there have said that book Atlas push tomorrow will make a statement on Tuesday about the political situation without mentioning whether or not he'll deliver a declaration of independence hundreds of thousands of Polish Catholics are expected to join prayer services today at churches all along the nation's border some commentators have expressed concern that the event could be interpreted as support for the government's refusal to take in Muslim migrants he is Adam Easton The event is taking place on the Feast of Our Lady of the Rosary and on the anniversary of the battle of the patent office when a Christian fleet defeated Ottoman Turks the decision to hold the prayer on the border on such an anniversary has caused concern among some church commentators that the event could be seen as anti muslim organizers say there is nothing political about the event and the border was chosen to show that the prayer was not only for the salvation of Poland but for the whole of Europe and the wider world a militant group that says it's fighting for the rights of Myanmar's Muslim ranges says he's willing to enter peace talks with the Burmese government in a statement the ira can range of Salvation Army also. Noted that a unilateral one month ceasefire declared in September ends on Monday Michael Bristow reports little is known about the funding training and makeup of the hinges Salvation Army or who it represent but it sort of being behind attacks on dozens of security post. In August that led to apprise laws by the Burmese army forcing hundreds of thousands of the hinges civilians to flee to Bangladesh creating a humanitarian crisis it seems unlikely though that the government in Myanmar willing gaijin negotiations with the militants he calls them terrorists and has previously said it would not talk to them pro birth control organizations in the United States have condemned a decision by the trumpet ministration allowing employers and insurers to opt out of providing free contraception on religious or moral grounds the Planned Parenthood Federation said President Trump a taken direct aim at 62000000 women b.b.c. News the u.s. National Hurricane Center says tropical storm Nate has become a Category one hurricane Nate is killed at least $24.00 people in Central America and it's forecast to become the 3rd hurrican to hit the southern coast of the u.s. In 6 weeks Alabama Mississippi and several counties in Florida have declared a state of emergency. The Russian opposition leader who like Cena Vonnie as as thousands of supporters to attend protests all over the country today against President Putin rallies are being organized in about 80 cities including Moscow and Mr Putin's home city of St Petersburg to coincide with the president's 65th birthday he's governed Russia for 18 years and is expected to stand for another 6 year term in elections next March but in the valleys currently serving a 20 day prison sentence The repeatedly violating a law and organizing public meetings. The 1st funerals have taken place in Brazil of children killed on Thursday by a security guard who set fire to a child care center in the state of Minas Gerais NJ Unicron arrow. Once a nursery room full of toys books and drawings on the wall but now everything is pitch black charred notebooks on the floor the final ceiling melted away on Thursday morning security guard Demi else why is the Santa spilled fuel on himself and on the children at the crash and set fire to as many as he could reach hours later he died of his wounds and left over 40 children and staff members of the school injured police believe the attacker had psychological problems shooting stars from the annual dragon it meteor shower will be visible in the northern hemisphere this weekend the phenomenon is also known as the chick carbonates because it's caused by the earth passing through debris left by the comet Jacobean in sin or as a comet hits the atmosphere it will burn up and appear as shooting stars b.b.c. News. Hello I'm Charles Havilland and welcome back to the world this week a legitimate cry of a people wanting self-determination or a dangerous flouting of Spain's constitutional order we will consider Catalonia as referendum mass murder in Nevada How will Stephen paddocks killing of 58 people change America's view of guns is to reason May's job as Britain's prime minister secure and how hardship in Gaza may be bringing rival Palestinian factions back together. But 1st there were the kind of scenes no one expected to see in Western Europe ever again police storming voting stations seizing ballot boxes kicking and beating voters but that's what happened last Sunday as the your thirty's and Madrid sought to prevent a referendum on independence in Catalonia which the Spanish state deemed illegal King Philip a made a rare televised speech to the nation to condemn the separatists. Him for. Some time a certain north or a teaching Catalonia have repeatedly consciously and deliberately not complied with the Constitution and their statute of autonomy but people on all sides were left counting the cost of Spain's most serious constitutional crisis for decades hundreds were left injured personal relationships ended up fractured beyond repair the Spanish government was accused of heavy handedness the Catalan government of acting beyond its powers and some anxious banks and businesses will now leave Catalonia for other parts of Spain that's a particular blow for Catalans have always prided themselves on being more economically successful than their neighbors the Catalan government put turnout at 42 percent of whom 90 percent voted for independence it said though the figures can't be viewed as reliable in the circumstances the regional parliament is expecting to meet in the coming days despite Madrid ordering it not to a declaration of independence is on the cards I asked our correspondent in Barcelona Pascal Harter what had changed there since just one week ago I think the big difference is that so week ago people who favored independence in Catalonia were very very excited and now they have come down to earth with a bump and I think one of the big reasons for that is that I actually didn't find anyone at the polling stations here who was going to vote for him to pen. Since you actually believed that their leaders would go on to declare independence after this vote and everybody said to me this is just one more step along the path to be taken seriously and to be listened to and towards perhaps eventual independence and I think the other problem was that the majority certainly majority before the voting before the riot police moved in did not favor independence for Catalonia the majority of Catalans that is but they were easy to overlook because they tended to remain silent and that was because all too often when people voiced an opinion that wasn't in favor of independence they were accused of being fascists and so the independence mind is Casamance didn't have their views challenge in a gentle way the sort of well how will this work well what exactly will you do well how will Catalonia collect taxes will how will you keep in the European Union and so suddenly those Casamance who never supported independence are speaking out and saying well we told you so and that's come as a big shock for many Catalans who are very excited about their projects you're saying that many went to vote not really thinking that this was rigged would result in anything as drastic as a unilateral declaration of independence do you think of some of those people are taken aback by what the Catalan regional leader Carlos put them or has done since then absolutely there are 2 portions of blame if you like people who didn't want independence in Catalonia but wanted to be heard wanted the rights to vote and that was around 70 percent of the cast an electorate many of them were stunned at colors put him on and his declaration that he was going to take this before parliament and he was going to declare independence unilaterally also many Castle lands on both sides of the independence question. Horrified at the images of riot police going into schools and in some cases beating protesters that says many Spaniards outside Catalonia are very much fed up with Catalans and what they see as whining about independence do you think that the heavy handedness displayed by Madrid whatever the status of the referendum will have actually persuaded far more Catalans that they want independence than did so before the 1st of October I can't say how many would have had their views changed like that but I certainly know people who have met people who've changed their minds for example one friend's husband who doesn't even speak as I never spoke castle at home with his parents suddenly his saying they come here and they turn on my people and many people say here that the Madrid government has created more separatists than the castle and regional government ever did it recent European history has had some parallel situations Scotland fully legal referendum the result of the no vote the former Czechoslovakia which split peacefully into 2 the former Yugoslavia which split into several components with massive bloodshed do you think that the reserve violence free way out of this very polarized situation in Catalonia and Spain lots of Catalans of look to the Scottish example in hopes that they referendum would happen in the same way and now people are asking in Catalonia where are we in that spectrum that you've just described I think one thing that bodes very ill are the insults that are are being traded then you've got to factor in the huge youth unemployment across Spain so bored young people taking to the streets to demonstrate Well what next if there's no voice for reconciliation for coming together even at the time of the referendum Mr Rajoy has mentioned the possibility of credible party talks. To try and sort out something political perhaps a bit more autonomy do you think that his government may actually do this as a way out they'll have to because riot police not a political solution and whether you agree with them or not they don't need the numbers the Casson independence movement they exist and they feel passionately and there are enough of them so something has to be done to accommodate them they have to be listened to in some way. The United States is still trying to come to grips with the worst mass shooting in its recent history 58 people died when Stephen Paddick opened fire into a crowd of country music festival goers from his room in a high rise hotel in Las Vegas before killing himself for some people it immediately reignited the debate on gun control President Trump was not among them . Will be so good about this. As time goes by maybe when he visited survivors in hospital we're going to talk to him and we were. So know the killer had used devices called Bump stocks that made his semiautomatic guns behave like automatics these at least were up for discussion here's the Republican speaker of the House of Representatives Paul Ryan we all have to get more educated as to what these are how they became available in the 1st place was it a regulatory misstep some number of years ago and we all know him believe that all the auto weapons are illegal and so there is this a big gap that needs to be closed and if so how to close the White House seem to agree we know that members of both parties in multiple organizations are planning to take a look at the stocks and related devices we certainly welcome that would like to be part of that conversation the gunman Steven paddock was a wealthy previously law abiding retired account. And in a relationship so he didn't seem to fit any of the profiles for mass killers I've been speaking to the b.b.c. I'm phonies Ok in Washington and I began by asking him is the debate bump stocks a sign that maybe just maybe they could be movement on gun control there is a possibility I think we're a long way from any sort of real action and this is probably more a movement than we've seen since shortly after the Newtown mash shooting at elementary school in Connecticut where the Senate came very close to passing some additional gun regulations and then it was blocked by Republicans who ground the process to a halt and we very well may see that again here but there are some noises coming out of Republicans in Congress who are normally anti new gun regulations a lot of talk about we're going to look into this we need to study it we're going to talk about it more that's a far cry from actually passing a bill and the National Rifle Association came out on Thursday with a statement saying that they were in favor of increased regulation of these bump stock devices but that's a strategy the n.r.a. Is pursuing they want to have this be handled administratively they want to have the trump administration look at it look at existing laws and then not outlaw bomb stocks entirely but regulate them or the last thing the n.r.a. Wants is some sort of a driving Congress where you could have a vote on this a new law maybe even more votes on different type of gun control measures that they are definitely not in favor of or are some sort of a coalition developing in Congress that could in the future pass more gun regulations so the n.r.a. Is giving these Republicans and the pro-gun folks an out to hand this off to the Trump administration and not have to deal with it in Congress you mentioned the n.r.a. The National Rifle Association and its position of influence why is it so powerful for a number of reasons 1st of all it has. A huge membership base about 5000000 people are members of the National Rifle Association and they pay attention to what the n.r.a. Talks about the issues that are important than the n.r.a. Scores politicians give them letter grades on whether they're pro or anti gun rights they also have a lot of money through dues and other fund raising sources and they spend that money on issue advocacy and they give money to politicians they spent 30000000 dollars roughly in 2016 helping to elect Donald Trump another tens of millions of dollars supporting Senate candidates they've proven themselves time and time again to be able to shift opinion in Congress to derail legislation to get what they want through Congress so they've been proven to be effective and they have the money and the ability to rally grassroots support on issues and their voters vote based on what they recommend for listeners across the womb can you as an American explain to perhaps incredulous people why so many Americans are so wedded to their guns Well I grew up in Texas which is a very pro-gun state and it's as I mentioned it's partially cultural it's the hunting culture the gun is a symbol of independence and self-sufficiency and you don't have to go back to many generations to where firearms weren't just a hobby some something for collectors they wore your means of sustenance they were your means of protecting yourself I remember walking through Austin my home town and I saw this beautiful little grove in the middle of the city and there was a sign talking about how settlers lived there in the turn of the century a whole family with kids and then it said they were slaughtered by Indians in 890 something and I mean that is a reality it's not my grandparents necessarily but they knew people who relied on guns to protect themselves they didn't live in big cities they couldn't get a. On the phone and call the police there wasn't a sheriff around the corner and so it's part of American Western culture the frontier culture that's deeply ingrained You don't necessarily see it on east and west coast big cities but you travel out into the middle of the country and that is part of who they are in part of their culture and their lifestyle Anthony's Ok You're listening to the world this week the program that tells you what happened in the past 7 days and why it counts coming up for the 2 main Palestinian factions make another go of it why and if you want to listen to us again or previous editions type b.b.c. The world this week into your search engine. Nightmare ordeal shambles farce these probably weren't the headlines the British prime minister to resign May was hoping would greet her speech at the end of this year's conference of her conservative party but they were the ones she got after a speech notable for a prankster handing her a notice of dismissal for repeated coughing fits and for the letters of the conference slogan behind her falling to the ground a speech intended to reinforce her off already had done the opposite and left people instead feeling sorry for her rightly or wrongly fairly or unfairly single images can mark a political career forever think of the former us Vice President Dan Quayle spelling the word potato wrong or of the former leader of Britain's Labor Party Ed Miliband struggling with the simple task of eating a bacon sandwich my colleague Rob Watson our political correspondent was in the hall and like most others was biting his nails as Mrs May battled through her speech I asked him if this might come to be her career defining moment and not in a good way the answer to that depends on what happens next I mean of course if it all ends in disaster people will look back on this moment and say aha that was a symbol of everything that was wrong about her leadership and about her governance and you might turn around and say goodness these things shouldn't matter a politician with a sore throat something falls off the stage a prankster comes on but I'm afraid politics doesn't work that way and if you think about some of the other great moments there was a former leader of the opposition Labor Party Neil Kinnock who famously during a party conference season fell into the sea you can imagine the kind of headlines we had down Quayle spelling potato incorrectly one could go on I mean these things these moments which perhaps at the time don't fill up they should be invested with all the importance they have a lot of commentators have said how sorry they are for the prime minister. They wanted to give her a hug as her husband did at the end but of course it's not good from a p.r. Point of view do you think that. If some people were already thinking of the prime minister as a weak politician. This has perhaps made her negative attributes so much more visible that some kind of drastic action is now going to be necessary you know I was in the room when I was a very far away from her and you could sense amongst all these activists even amongst hardened x. Journalists people thinking oh goodness I hope she can clear her throat that was all sorts of but my goodness politicians don't want pity it's the last thing they want they want respect sometimes they want admiration and quite often they want fear and I'm afraid she hasn't got that now it's perfectly true that some in the party some of her supporters are saying come on look this was a symbol of her courage of one of her of her strengths that Mrs May maybe not charismatic but able to battle on but I think others are seeing this as a symbol of a deeper Malays about her leadership her inability to inspire ball though none of this is come as a surprise to Conservative M.P.'s they've figured out for some time that the reason they are is not perhaps the most inspiring and charismatic leader and in some ways this speech this whole performance this whole very flat Conservative Party conference it doesn't really change the fundamental dynamic and that dynamic here is that they can't think of anybody else to replace the reason they they concentrate on a candidate their rights in the middle of the clock ticking this would not be a great time to switch leaders and above all they're terrified of bringing their own government down and then having a government led by a proper socialist in the form of Jeremy Corbett you say this conference has been quite a contrast to that of the Labor Party the main opposition party just a week earlier which was really a big triumph for its leader Jeremy. Corbin Well it was a contrast really start one and one way and that is absolutely the Labor Party totally buoyant at the Conservative Party utterly and totally flat even though of course it was the conservative party that won more votes and more seats at that snapped June election but in a strange way there are real parallels between the 2 major parties I mean both if you like of gone switch streams with this move with the 2 parties with both of them abandoning that sort of central plank of British foreign and economic domestic security policy of the last 40 years membership of the e.u. Everything is in turmoil and you know I have to say a lot of long serving political journalists I know came away from the 2 conferences utterly stunned and genuinely concerned at the state of British politics and the uncertainty over with one hack memorably describing labor in the Conservatives as being like 2 drunks fighting in a puddle Rob Watson. The world will not pay attention to a torn people those were the words of the Palestinian prime minister Rami Hamdullah as he arrived in the Gaza Strip on Monday leading a government delegation it was the 1st time the Palestinian cabinet had met in Gaza since 2014 he was referring to the split between his own Fatah faction based in the West Bank and the militant group Hamas which has controlled Gaza since driving out Fatah 10 years ago recent days have seen real progress towards reconciliation not least because Fatah put an economic squeeze on Gaza Egypt is pressing the factions to get together and even Israel says it's waiting for Cairo's Q So what prospect Palestinian unity Here's our Arab affairs editor Sebastian Asha this summer saw Gaza reach a new breaking point its residents well to a jury with day and saw their houses and streets go dark at night as their electricity supply was cut to almost nothing the $2000000.00 citizens of Gaza have lived through a succession of wars but rule sewage in the sea and rotting food in their shops pushed them to the brink thousands of government employees also saw their futures put in jeopardy as their wages were cut and it wasn't their bitterest enemy Israel punishing them but their fellow Palestinians the Fattah faction that governs the West Bank after being violently ejected from Gaza by Hamas in 2007 the scars from that still run deep hundreds of people were killed with reports of summary executions and torture but more recently the Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas and other Fattah leaders have seen a chance to force some ass to the negotiating table as the Islamist group has become increasingly vulnerable the Muslim Brotherhood from which Hamas emerged briefly ruled over Egypt providing strong support to Hamas but that moment is long past with President Sisi tightening the screws on Gaza the new the. In Cairo back into position as chief mediator between the 2 Palestinian factions Cata which put its billions behind Islamists after the Arab uprisings in 2011 is now on the back foot depriving Hamas of a key sponsor by not paying the bills for guys at this summer Fattah force the hand of Hamas Hamas has seen changes this year in any case with a shift in leadership and a slight softening of its infamous charter which cools for the eventual obliteration of Israel last month I must declare that it would hand over civil power to the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank such a major concession immediately gave far greater weight to this new move towards reconciliation than all the aborted efforts for the gone before the 1st concrete result was the arrival of the Palestinian prime minister running in Gaza to preside over his cabinet than for the 1st time in 3 years not that there isn't considerable skepticism still the hard negotiations haven't even started yet and they could founder and break on Stony issues security for Gaza in particular which Hamas does not want to give up houses armed wing remains one of its strongest cards but President Abbas wants full control and has explicitly stated that a similar scenario to that in Lebanon where the militant movement has Bullah operates a parallel army is unacceptable the key is whether each side now finally feels it has more to gain from compromise than continued confrontation the Palestinian Authority says that only a unified Palestinian nation can make a case for full statehood as a trumpet ministration and certainly moves to fire up the frozen Middle East peace process once more the Palestinian prime minister said this week that the main winner of a continued split is the Israeli occupation but the Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has made clear that he will. Countenance any Palestinian reconciliation unless Hamas disarms and recognizes Israel's right to exist other international reactions have been more welcoming but cautious that is understandable that many ordinary Gazans who have the most reason to be cynical now simply hope that political leaders can reach a deal that will at least allow their lights to be switched on and their recognition is to cool them in the next stall to find someone Sebastian Asha and that's it from the world this week for now if you've got any thoughts on what we've done or on what you'd like us to do please do contact us at b.b.c. World service via Facebook or Twitter and don't forget to join John not just a little at the same time next week for a look back at what's happened in the next 7 days. Distribution of the b.b.c. World Service and the last is made possible by American Public Media producer and distributor of award winning public radio content. American Public Media with support from c 3 I o t enabling corporate and industrial digital transformation with artificial intelligence cloud computing and I o t big data software solutions more and more at c 3 high over to dot com. The debate about gun control in America has returned after the shootings in Las Vegas a look at the political power of the n.r.a. We'll check in on recovery efforts in Puerto Rico a look back at racial tensions that sparked outrage at a South Carolina high school and 2015 and the music Carla Bruni all that and the latest news Saturday and Weekend Edition from n.p.r. Saturday mornings at 6 a 91.5 k. R.c.c. . Coming up on the cultural front line with meet Tina Haley music and film star in a county highlights the deaths amputations caused by botched adult male circumcision is in South Africa olds gold to the mountain and noise that the one thing that always remembers all of the sound and the shop challenging the censors by selling bound books from Iran this is totally just blow your mind because you do not expect such a thing to be here now for cultural front line with me Tina Healy b.b.c. News American Marshall opponents of Catalonia is bid for independence from Spain are planning a big demonstration in central Madrid separately a social media campaign has asked people to demonstrate outside town halls to demand that the current crisis be resolved through dialogue Polish Catholics are expected to join services along the country's borders to pray for the salvation of Poland and the World Church leaders say it's a purely religious initiative but some critics believe it's an attempt to back the government's refusal to take in Muslim migrants the Russian opposition leader in a valley has urged thousands of supporters to attend protests all over the country today against President for dear Putin who celebrating his 65th birthday there are planned rallies in 80 cities including Petersburg and Moscow but in a valley is currently serving a 20 day jail sentence for violating a law on organizing public meetings a militant group that says it's fighting for the rights of me and Mars' Muslim Rangers says it's willing to enter peace talks with the Burmese government the ira camera hinges ovation army also noted that a unilateral ceasefire declared in September ends on Monday. Police in Denmark say they found the missing body parts of the Swedish journalist who disappeared in August after boarding a submarine with its inventor the headless torso of Kim vial was discovered soon after the disappearance the inventor paid a Masson has been charged with killing her the u.s. National Hurricane Center says tropical storm Nate has become a Category one hurricane has killed at least $24.00 people in Central America. Protests to being held around Australia against a proposed coal mine in Queensland State campaigners fear the massive mine could damage the Great Barrier Reef the Indian company behind the project the Adani group says the mine would create thousands of jobs b.b.c. News. Welcome to the cultural front line this is a program that explores the world through the eyes of artists I'm seated in Healy and this week. Music and Film star Nicanor on the issue of adult male circumcision in South Africa aging year olds gold to the mountain and no I said the one thing that I was a member of the sound the lesbian rap but challenging sexism in reggaeton in Argentina in the book shop that specializes in books that abound in Iran this is totally just blow your mind because you do not expect such a thing to be here you can find the most illegal box here that's all coming up on the cultural. Thanks that surfaced to Angola which last week swore a new president. In the country's 1st change at the top for 38. Artists Kluang she keep her head days from the capital Luanda and his art comments on Angola's history and politics Welcome to the cultural front line thank you now your country has just had its 1st change of leadership in decades what do you make of it well I think it's a great moment for the country. Because after so many years with one person in power to have this peaceful transfer of power so I think we all it is for the history we heard that there's been full very violent of course he has this new president has a lot of big challenge it we still have a long way to go in terms of democracy but I'm kind of at the Mystic I will he take on corruption the human knows that corruption is one of these because. Others even know that most of people are really sceptic about if he will be successful about it one of the biggest challenges for me for is the institutions to become more independent from the party that is on power that separation of power still being one of the biggest challenge definitely you have just been awarded the Artist Award at London's phrase International Contemporary Art facts congratulations thank you you would be installation is called Under the silent I have Lenin was said out I've been always concerned about the influence of the Cold War in the during that period there was this burst of flaming in the People's Assembly and in the 1st year of the in the in the banners in the speech of others to you know to another 1st president when they founded the party that would rule the country who he said like under the silence I have learning we found that m.p. Leave a bit the rich mean like the Labor Party is but they do that about living in particular and so for me it was very intriguing of these centers because it sounds like land in would be alive somewhere watching us because of this presence of this bust so that was the silent flan in so even that mug season basically rejected religion but at same time it there's many things that part of the as a religion practice you know the way that you have to frame the believe on it and the consequences you would have like if you will not agree with this ideology and so the project was the talk about this period of a. Marxist Leninist country but it also reflects a bit the conflict that you are to often reflected aspects of Angola's troubled past is it difficult to speak out about recent history in politics. Of course it's difficult because the talking about extreme violence and many of the protagonists of the history the still alive you choose to confront it in your work why because it's really imperative for another talking about on the other but also in the African context. To our interpretation of history because from slavery to the colonization of. Some of the countries that went through a colonial war and the Civil War So if you look to really dramatic tragic history those kind of forget though is we were not able to write our own history because people when we are busy fighting it takes really huge physical up for it from you at the end of the day you're tired there nor like you're not really thinking reflecting about what you're leaving being kind of run over by history so there is the you have to bring it to light artistic killer Anji keep a hand in a room. Next to a boy and his Iris which has become known as the gay capital of South America mainly down to Argentina's progressive laws on marriage equality and transgender identity but despite this over the last year desire is around other cities in Latin America have seen impassioned marches condemning Mistah journey and violence against women in need to name in us all not one less is the camp a movement that fights for women's rights and personal safety it's also the title of a track by rap but we're Mina but now day she works right at the intersection of these complex l g b t. And gender politics remain at or Chuck hope to have friends takes reggaeton music which is known for its sexist and homophobic overtones and remakes is it Professor managed gender fluid poly sexual audience reggaeton or reggae for the discotheque as she calls it came out of 1900 Panama and Puerto Rico with its rhythmic roots in Jamaican dance hall Rimini began producing and uploading her a music under the guise of chalk a remakes in 2030 a studio album and European tours later the cultural front line caught up with her in her apartment and she got ready for a homecoming performance at the venue where she made her debut. I'm from Ina but America I was born in one which is a small province in the northwest of Argentina and then I moved to want to say when I was 15 years old. Were going to drink a mother come on drink here in. It's very conservative and the very traditional I decided to move because I wanted to live in the biggest city with more opportunities not only to work or to study also to meet different people. I study with the media Laertes then I just work at the on 80 in parallel I was doing some music. I created took another remix to the Broaddrick 4 years ago I had that idea on my mind but I didn't know how to do it so I wrote a song. Then I tried to create music just watching some tutorials. And I uploaded it. To the Sound Cloud. In Facebook and all my friends. Love it and what are you doing so poorly are you are. Seeing. What we want more. Chocolate is not only my artistic name it falls from my nickname everybody called me. Chuckle at the Orchard call me it was kind of food joke at the university. It has no sense currently And since that time it's like my new name. Ok we are in but I am all Hollywood. As you can see there are many night blooms are restored and there is a kind of very young and artistic maybe more could hear in one outsiders Currently we are going to lead or join the party which is our need to be the party where I played my 1st show. Was Thank you. I think. When I decided to work with reggae Dom It was not not only because I like the style and I like to dance it. I found. All the oldest radio types that are related to the to this style are very like my taste I mean in general the singers are boys or the perspective from men. All that idea and all that the stereotypes of money women sounds like such a dick it's so for that reason I decided to. To work with that reading. I was there for doing something like a lesbian I'm from we need to break it down. Everybody expect that you will be at a sexual until you say the opposite and in general if we listen any song it's because Senator sexual perspectives so my idea was to being the voice of other ways of live because it's not only about sexuality by your Also identity. I found different ways to say something sometimes I found a very good way to communicate something to use the Iranian or being such a dick for example the region the roles I don't want to take you to use I am not angry about it and I am just trying to change things for example maybe with a good meal and Jed on a bender to get tornadoes make a stand last night not get. Dogs of all being a lesbian and of being a woman and what I say is that I I really do like any kind of woman I do not have a preference on how they look like but what I carry that they are empowered. Mainly in the feminist basis there was a kind of rejection and I guess that it was related. To being talking about sex that way at that moment we were talking a lot of our objectivity sation and I was performing a show with a lot of dancers English or. On the other hand with the league has a more serious content I'm good and I'm just not use in that kind of discourse for example I have a song that it's called and you know may not that means no one. Miss on that song I'm Doug. This song sais that is normal noise excuses to only going off by your limbs or abuse the phone we don't want is more like. So my idea was not only to criticize or get done but I want to reappropriate the. Remainder been r.j. Also known as choco remakes and remain a has been named as one of the B.B.C.'s 100 innovative and inspirational women around the world to find out about her and the others all you need to do is put the words b b c 100 and women into your search engine. She is a South African doctors perform the world's 1st successful penis transplant on a 21 year old man at a hospital in Cape Town in May this year the same team performed a similar operation on a 40 year old both men had their original organs amputated after a botched circumcisions in rural South Africa when they were 18 Bush circumcisions called loco are part of a cherished traditional manhood addition ritual practiced by people belonging to the Am Of course the tribe but poor hygiene standards have led to thousands of amputations and more than a 1000 deaths since $9095.00 Nobel Laureate Desmond Tutu has called on traditional Corso leaders to move the procedure from the field to hospital wards while male circumcision or lower loco is the butt drop of a groundbreaking new feature film called The wound which last weekend was announced to our South Africa's submission for the foreign language Oscar the film's star is South African singer songwriter. And author a canny and you've been listening to his new single Playboy. Welcome to the program I love that scene the video for that is well it's fantastic thank you so much thank you for having me the word has been described as an unflinching examination of masculinity same sex desire and cultural identity how much does it resonate with your own roots as a core set in South Africa's rural eastern cape I grew up around those people I am those people so for me it was almost a no brainer for me to be part of it actually what did you think when you 1st read the script I was really excited making as Joerg 2 or 2 friends of mine that have also preservation what. I mean I understood that the film was going to be controversial that was leading to Bruce objects and that some people would be well angry that's putting it mildly but I was excited because I felt like it was a story that hadn't been told before that needed to be told and not just the circumcision part of it but also the sort of queer aspect of the story because it's still a foot to a lot of people something that is denied to exist in that space which is supposed to be the most men hyper masculine and patriarchal of spaces in our culture when you say in that space what space to mean so what happens is that 18 year olds possible is goal to and secluded them to go to the mountain and for a summer and they sort of live I guess I'll call an ascetic life where they're circumcised in the 1st day but they're arriving at the camp and they are there for months the way they learn new ways and how to be a man quote unquote What was it like when it came to your time to be circumcised well as all the more complicated the. At the time I was a very devout Baptist Christian Calvinist so I was sort of against the idea of me going because I felt that it contradicted my Christian beliefs I'm very happy I did and now you know because I think that as much as the rite of passage has its problems and I think doesn't have its problems it can be very beneficial to a lot of boys who feel maybe that they are not part of the society because it includes a lot of people so you look back on it as a positive experience always in the completely completely Can you take us through the what happened there procedure when it was time for you to be circumcised take us through the stages when I was 20 years old it took about 2 years to imply further to come to find to compensate me when I convinced me sort of tell me I suppose on one hand it was one of the longest time my life because I really didn't believe in it at the time and on the other hand it gave me 4 months to just meditate on my life and what I wanted to do and be angry about certain things and accept other things were you circumcised in that area low income people in the bush No I said it now in a static law your memory. I suppose the for the one thing that always remember is that of the sound of. Just like advice you start a positive experience so that maybe that's ready to go every day that I mean you're so here's the thing right when you're not a man in my culture especially in rural areas and your boy boys are treated I mean they actually even call dogs they treated really really terribly So a lot of boys look forward to the right of passage because finally they can be involved in the culture in the society and be looked at as should win big and that's what Nelson Mandela said that was the moment he became a man exactly where you have cause for it to be taken from the bush to hospitals and you hear that poor hygiene standards have led to thousands of amputations more than a 1000 deaths since 1995 points here we actually until I had a family member who worked in the government in Port Elizabeth and they were taking extra good care in making sure that the circumcisions were not legal to be tell it is or even Boston circumcisions Bustard in traditional list do not believe in some of those procedures but I'm not I'm not I'm not necessarily against it being in the in the hospital so what's the reaction been to the film so far both globally and from within that community the cosa community saw the film premiered in Sundance and then showed it open the panorama leg of $1000000000.00 and internationally does winning awards really claimed on the other hand at home it was sort of getting a really harsh backlash how much of it was personal all of it but they were all there were all personal attacks they're all death threats to me personally what types of things to people say I know is he so far we can go on a show of course but they can you just give us an example of the types of things people were saying t. . I hope we don't have aids Well no wonder what do you expect from homosexuals were put to tires around the neck in bringing a field and as much as those things did exist there was also an overwhelming positive reaction to it from especially the Black a feminist movement who were for the form and the queer movement as well is that to do with the fun that you are gay and the film is about also about same sex desire I think it's both I think it's the fact that as a fact of the film deals with things like Zaire and it's the fact that the film is dealing with the to be subject which is a rite of passage do you feel like there's any conflict between your life your art and your course a background north and off each other after. Became an apple state and left to Christianity I became deeply involved in causes more trouble to your mind is a song on there which is sort of as an African version of Islam and for some women and for me the that sort of feeds into every part of who I am as an artist because I believe that my ancestors are with me all the time and I strongly believe with every fiber of my being that I'm doing good for the culture the County thank you and speaking of South African films this week on the art soweth Nikki babies joined by South African film editor at mega Gayle he's worked on movies including the Oscar winning salt sea x. Men Origins Wolverine and the action film I in the sky she tells Nikki why the South African film industry is booming and explains how working as an editor can be a little like being a therapist. Many societies have restricted access to literature over the years these days despite some recent relaxing of its rules to run stands out for censoring books which is why the catalog Corp bookshop in Los Angeles has been selling and publishing bad. And potion books since 1901 reporter Valerie Hamilton I demoed these 8 poets are a big deal in Iran and for oxide was one of the biggest in the 1960 s. She was practically a rock star known by her 1st name like Madonna Here's a record she cut reading her poetry. From a man in fact when she was killed in a car crash in 1967 thousands of fans thronged her funeral but after the Islamic Revolution came to power in 1979 for books vanished 1st banned then censored by the government. Thousands of miles from Tehran in his book store in Los Angeles beyond her is trying to explain the logic of censorship to me with a racy line from one of her rocks poems life is perhaps lighting a cigarette in the language moments between 2 love me. That's enough to. Be banned. Banned Books are a specialty of Healy's his store has a whole section for them books on religion histories of modern Iran here in the u.s. There are just books but in Iran there contraband 1st of all let me explain that countries like Iranian that is under dictatorship. You have to go and get the permission to publish Let's say you have a novel the story of a kid wizard named Harry before the publisher rolls the presses Iran's Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance gets to weigh in with changes cuts or an outright ban for example is somehow they think that these games is long then you cannot publish that book what qualifies as against Islam can be pretty broad it includes criticizing the government acknowledging the Holocaust mentioning wine even in a cookbook sex dancing dictators meeting an untimely end if these are major plot points you'd better start rewriting and yes Iran censored Harry Potter the. Ministry of choragus 1940. Orwell's 1904 is a book he knows well really was a grad student in Iran at the time of the revolution and he voted against the Islamic regime and landed in jail when he fled the country he stuffed a copy of 1904 into his suitcase along with books by Dostoevsky Victor Hugo and the Persian poet Hafez I had 93 I left everything behind that suitcase full of books made up the 1st shelf at Khatab the 1st Persian bookstore in the United States. Today the stories bigger on a busy street in West l.a. Home to a large Iranian exile community but it still has that old time feeling and for Iranians raised with censorship it's amazing this is totally just blow your mind because you do not expect such a thing to be here you can find the most illegal box in the book shelves here I meet a levy while he browses the business section he recently moved here from Iran and asked me to use only his 1st name he fears retaliation against his family back home we're only talking about books I asked him why they're so controversial So if you have more knowledge then knowledge is power knowledge and power. 2 things Iran censors try to control but Iranian readers can find ways around the limits with the help of exiles like Ali because Khatab isn't just a book store it's also one of several Persian publishers outside Iran helping band writers get their books out some of their books get smuggled into Iran then shared or pirated for the black market the internet helps to Iranians who can crack the government firewall can access uncensored ebooks by Khatab and other publishers I am proud that I help some Iranian to be knowledgeable about whatever happened or whatever is close to true because the truth he believes could set Iran free if being successful to break that barrier and that censorship I believe is going regime at all will be and it. Is our goal of yours I hope so yes of course breaking censorship for good still feels a long way off but could top books have reached at least one unexpected bookworm Iran's government Khatab books on taboo topics like gender equality and political prisoners have somehow mysteriously made it from Los Angeles to the collection of Iran's National Library and who knows maybe someone is reading them. Follow me how to report it. So we've got time for this week to make sure you never miss an episode of the cultural frontline don't forget to subscribe to our podcast go to b.b.c. Don't go to ek Saussure while Service Radio obsessional the cultural frontline I'll be here same time next week. With their island practically destroyed the people of Puerto Rico didn't think anything could descend from the sky worse than that then like the threatening fim from Jaws they heard hail to the Chief I'm Peter Sagal we'll toss around jokes like some people throw paper towel was Andy Richter try sitting on our couch on this week's Wait Wait Don't Tell me from n.p.r. Today you 2000000 on 91.5 k. R.c.c. Southern Colorado is in p.r. Station. At 91.5 k. Or c c We've increased our daily news services please consider upgrading.