We'd love to hear what you think find us on social media using the hash tag b.b.c. Food chain for now for me down to Latino and the rest of the food chain team thanks for listening and joining us again for the future next week. As a historic hurricane bore down and used in the nation was frozen in terror how badly the president screw this up and the answer is not too badly praised his own crowds but he didn't say there was bad water on both sides of pewter say they'll join us as we give the President Gul flats his favorite time and talk to both Jack works when creator vastly Obama walks on this week's with Wait don't tell me from n.p.r. This morning in 9 a 91.5 k. R.c.c. . Kirit 91.5 Care c c we're not afraid of complicated issues or heated debates we jump into those conversations because we know you are open to hearing something that might challenge your beliefs and support those conversations today at k. Or c.c. Dot org This is southern Colorado's n.p.r. Station k. Or c c k or c c h d Colorado Springs k e c c law Hunter k. C.C.'s Starkville and k w c c f m Woodland Park streaming at k. Or c c dot org In stargazing this week I'll be talking to telescope operators at. The remote observatory high in the attic on a desert of northern Chile with their oxygen tanks at the ready. But it's pure oxygen and I feel better now that it's an otherworldly prize the colors are sort of orange and green from the Sol from the. Surface of I am Jupiter's moon. And you're surrounded by mountains volcanoes that look like the volcanoes that kids draw you know a triangle with steam coming out of the top we have $66.00 something I'm going tennis will work together to emulate one single beat the sham as big as how the of the not so separate. Join the Deva Sobell for stargazing here on the b.b.c. World Service after the news. Hello I'm Gerri Smith with the b.b.c. News North Korea says it has successfully tested a hydrogen bomb which can be loaded onto a missile seismologists in Japan registered a 6.3 magnitude earthquake in the area North Korean state television made a special announcement confirming the test also need to doing I will. Go far with more details here's the releases are great Illinois from the South Korean capital Seoul it's been expected for a while now that North Korea would conduct another nuclear test but experts believe the latest is significantly more powerful than previous tests in a statement on North Korea's state television the country has said it successfully tested a hydrogen bomb which can be loaded on to an intercontinental missile was before the test the country's official news agency had released photographs of its leader Kim Jong un inspecting the nuclear device the latest test comes against a backdrop of heightened tensions in the region following multiple missile launches by North Korea in South Korea an emergency Security Council meeting has been held and troops have been placed on high alert in the past few minutes China has strongly condemned the nuclear test Japan has protested to Pyongyang describing the detonation as arm forgivable. Just over a week ago President suggested that there were signs North Korea was starting to respect the United States and he hopes something positive would come out of it the latest nuclear terror suggests otherwise and puts Mr Trump in a difficult position Steve Jackson has this analysis for nearly 2 decades now successive American leaders have tried and failed to rein in Pyongyang's nuclear ambitions but the difference for President Trump is that the North appears extremely close to achieving its goal of becoming a nuclear power on his watch threats and posturing from Mr Trump appear to be making little difference his efforts to strong arm China into ending its lukewarm support for North Korea have had no impact if anything Kim Jong un is looking and bold and perhaps sensing that there's no appetite in Washington for a deadly war on the Korean Peninsula for Mr Trump there are no good options left the opposition leader in Cambodia comes to a car has been arrested in accused of treason have been expected to be the main challenger to the country's leader in elections next year here's Jonathan Head. Leads the Cambodian national rescue party which came close to defeating Prime Minister Hun Sen In a general election 4 years ago and was expected to do well in the election Sheffield for next year his arrest was immediately condemned by his party as politically motivated the government issued a statement accusing the opposition leader of a conspiracy with unnamed foreigners to harm Cambodia militants from the Somali Islamist group Al-Shabaab have attacked a military base near the city of Kismayo reports say the assault began with a car bomb followed by an assault from several directions world news from the b.b.c. . Tens of thousands of residents of the German city of Frankfort have left their homes for the day to allow experts to diffuse a massive unexploded bomb from the 2nd World War police checked every designated house with heat detection technology to make sure everyone was out the evacuation area is in the vest and distrait. The author or it is in record state in western me m.r. Have called on Rohingya Muslims to cooperate with the security forces searching for what they called extremist terrorists state media says Your thought is warn them over loudspeakers not to challenge the security forces when they enter their villages in search of a hinges Salvation Army militants. The Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto has said his country is consulates in the United States have been turned into legal advice centers to defend the rights of immigrants and combat discrimination he made the remarks in his 1st State of the Union address since the President Trump came to power it will be able to sit up all the end of the Mexican government will continue to promote the recognition of immigrants as agents of change and progress and will continue rejecting any discriminatory actions that is why we have transformed our network of 50 consulates in the u.s. Into legal advise centers to give guidance to Mexicans who live in the u.s. Mr Pena Nieto also said that while he wanted to agree a border policy with the u.s. He wouldn't exempt any proposal that offended Mexico's national dignity. The imperial household in Japan has announced that the emperor is oldest granddaughter Princess Marco is becoming engaged to a man she met at university the formal announcement is the 1st step in a lengthy marriage process which will see the princess lose her royal status the engagement has reopened debate in Japan about the shrinking size of the imperial family b.b.c. News. I'm David Bell and this is star gazing. A journey through history and star lore to the latest spacefaring a magnificent astronomical observatory. The high altitude doesn't bring us any closer to the Stardust but it does lift us above the thickest parts of the earth's atmosphere. We have $66.00 something else pretty heavy can tell us I'm going to work together to emulate one single big fish as big as how the and then us are separated. This is currently the biggest astronomical facility on earth. The Atacama large millimeter and submillimeter array. We do look at the sky. But it's a different type of light is not something that you can see with your own eyes it's a grouping of 66 separate antennas that function together as a single eye on the universe or rather a single ear because the signals collected here are the longest wavelength of starlight the radio waves. Imagine $66.00 huge white satellite dishes each as tall as a 6 story building spread over an expanse so wide it takes 3 hours to walk across the site. It's very special price but the idea that you'd put a major facility barrier about would be the center of understanding the universe to see bunkers. Copernicus relied on his naked eye and a few rudimentary instruments he never looked through a telescope and he certainly never imagined that the scintillating light of the stars was only a fraction of their full glory what is exciting is to know that we are on the frontier. Is a step much further than we could have ever anticipated you are seeing things and nobody else has seen before. Kind of. Hello Daniela Yes Sam hi it's David so vocal I met the Greenwich Observatory Yes some answer here from a real bridge inside from almost circuitry at 5000 meters above sea level that's great I couldn't quite believe we got through to our honor to speak today and hello Vidar who oversees all visits to the site even though it's made by telephone. What can you see from my desk here I can see oh like 50 and then us all together and the mountains and why big gray is sky covered by clouds. We're having a beautiful sunny day here sorry Well actually if she or we have 300 days a year with no cloud little I mean absolutely the blue sky but today. Is just different. As much as I'd love to travel there in person observatories difficult to reach. From Chile's capital Santiago to take a 2 hour flight north to the copper mining town of until for gas down and then drive at least 5 hours through the world's driest desert. Over 20 years in development involved scientists from 1000 countries in North and South America Asia and Europe. When I started there was this incident being built called Alma that was off in the future. Dr Stephen Long more and they asked a Physics Research Institute in Liverpool England grew up without it has defined his career in astronomy I started my Ph d. In 2003 the sorts of questions I want to answer I'll most going to make big strides nouns are just obvious as a liberal decade of thinking about it and I'm preparing it so ever since I started my career astronomy it's been there. Until recently astronomers worked only with visible light gathered by after telescopes very talky so he quickly objects. That here at the Royal Observatory Granites in London I follow astronomer time Kurtz up along wrought iron staircase. We're standing underneath the largest refracting telescope in the u.k. On site in its original location its original home here the Royal Observatory to the very large great equitorial telescope. If you've never looked through a telescope you don't know what you're missing. I urge you to go to a star party or to a big observatory like this one that invites the public in. Fact. We should have an old saying in the amateur astronomy community which was oh and g I c s t r which is shorthand for oh my God I can see the rings which is what everybody says the 1st time they see Sasson because it's really profound to see what has traditionally been an illustration in a book for most of your life actually projected in the real sky I definitely had that experience the 1st time I looked at Saturn through a telescope of thinking somebody had put a picture at the end of the tube as a prank because it was too perfect it just just was unbelievable that it really looked like that it's gratifying to hear that because if I think it's too good to be true they must really like it. When Galileo saw Saturn through his homemade instrument in 1610. He mistook the Rings for a pair of moons clinging very close to the planet. Later he likened them to handles and once described them as ears. Galileo's best telescope could achieve about 30 times magnification which if you're a planetary observer today you would consider to be very low compared even with a monocular or a cheap pair of binoculars or pair of even opera glasses which will be optically better than most of what Galileo worked with in his entire career as an astronomer for Galileo that was enough to see Jupiter as a disk with its 4 largest moons its. Satellites to see the rings of Saturn although he didn't understand what they were indeed to see Neptune itself although again missed cataloging it as a star must have been transformative when we look at the creators of the main today . It's something that people remark upon I think many people don't believe it's possible to see an individual moon crater just from their back garden using a telescope and yet there's an enormous amount that you can unlock so the experience I'm sure of for everyone is actually quite similar that it was for the 1st telescopic observers. Visible light reveals only part of the universe. Is trying to make every antennas capture a different kind of light it's called the electromagnetic spectrum because that is what light is major Red Miller took out of it is an astronomer and science communicator at the Royal Observatory granted an electric field a magnetic field gives you light which is really amazing when you think about it and the only difference between visible light and all the other types of radiation is wavelength frequency and the visible spectrum makes a pony a tiny part of the total fun of light in nature. It can help to think of the electromagnetic spectrum musically. Say as a piano keyboard. In which only a few notes near middle c. Represent visible light. The 80 notes on either side represent all the other types of light that we cannot see. We are deaf to most of the universe is near 0. So in the early universe they were very high energy short wavelength. High Elmer's retina detects radio waves it's picture of the heavens made visible only by way of a conversion process reveals an alternate universe in which the moon and planets are barely detectable in their place or clouds of interstellar gas and other exotic celestial sources. This window of the letter I do expect from is incredibly important to the reader who end of the spectrum is very low energy. That is really important is that objects in the universe these very cool objects are the sites where things like stars and planets form they form from gas very dangerous very cold. And if you're looking in other wavelengths the way we think our eyes look up there is completely invisible they don't emit light signals wavelengths we have to get a very long with wings of very low energies to be able to see these incredibly cool objects and yours. Stephen Long more is one of very few astronomers to have actually spent time around since it went into full operation in 201399 percent of astronomers who have Almaty it will never have been to the site the whole thing from start to finish from astronomers is completely remote those few who do this it must undergo a stress test to prove they are healthy enough to withstand the conditions and the onsite workers receive regular check ups it's the high altitude that gets them. You feel it you absolutely feel like you had a couple glasses of wine brains operating but slowly is not very much oxygen of their fuel bit light headed so going up stairs or doing anything that is actually no bother at sea level takes a bit of getting used to. Our visits to the site of our About 10 years ago before there were any telescopes up there just as they observed it was being built and it struck me as the most remarkable place. Chris Lintott professor of astrophysics at the University of Oxford in the u.k. Described the site so vividly I could almost see it myself it's an otherworldly heist the colors are sort of orange and green from the sulfur and it's like the surface of iron Jeepers. And you're surrounded by mountains volcanoes that look like the volcanoes that kids draw you know a triangle with steam coming out of the top of that's really what they look quite proud. Of it lives and works it out you are slipping them actually your breathing rate to start like reduce or reduce an event or just a bridging. Then when that happens after a few say. Consider body will react it will produce certain by a contraction of your diaphragm that will force you to wake up. And you. Sit in your bed. What just happened. Radio astronomers don't need to wait until dark to make their observations that can work at any hour day or night but very high winds are heavy snow can pose a threat to a radio telescopes began 10 a dish is and there's a storm brewing at around that. What's happening there. We have. A sort of weather condition unexpected for the season thermal meters marking like minus 7 in such degrees but with the wind speed the real feels like minus 18 or minus 20 and what is your job now what do you need to do. Will be in tennis itself there were made it to in durance the conditions here listen this you know like earthquakes on low temperature hot temperatures a strong wind lightening means and all the things the antenna were made on the sun for that the thing it's the intent is big enough big enough to work as a sail. After some point of wind. Must be moving through each and something we call did this to revive the moat survival mode. And what does that look like a sentinels gets in an inclination of about 15 degrees maybe 10 degrees sun is facing a lake in favor of the wind not against the wind. As the coming storm in Chile bears down on Elma It's began 10 additions must be turned for safety otherwise they would catch the wind like giant sails on a ship and suffer damage it's all hands on deck. It was sent from here we can tell. The storm it's moving to we're asked. That's the reason why everybody is super super. Hurry up Omaha's are little army of technicians and engineers you need to be real good the real tough to this job. But I mean but I'm I think working for al no means being faced with many different challenges technical climate health research. And I much will get a I think I'm a talk to my mother on many places of 5000 meters about to shoot him over how many buildings built over 5000 meters of the visit beautiful from here the animals and plants that we've seen and other interesting. That there are more animals than plants up here foxes chinchillas birds. Come in. Read the 7 The storm has passed them yellow Have you created the astronomer calico it has is at the helm in the control room. At this moment we are restarting operations after we alarm you sometimes leave very quiet when everything works is really quiet week you observe ations and go through the night without any major issues but sometimes when like now for example when there was a problem we always have the pressure to try to put in a come back to main operations because operating almost quite fast. Precision is crucial for every step in the chain of events or down all the antennas must aim in perfect synchrony the than a millionth of a millionth of a 2nd of one another. Each antenna dish collects its faint whispers from space bounces them up to a receiver which conducts them down into a super cool detector behind that is where the signals are digitized. Then channeled through miles of underground fibers to a central computer. Any astronomer hoping to use the unique resources of our mayor has to apply for observing time this is a rigorous and painstaking process which comes up only once a year and to Stephen Long more told me it's a competitive business so this last cycle 1700 proposed 700 yes and only about one in 10 maybe one of 5 to one in 10 of those actually gets time and yeah and then sometimes you're lucky and you've been lucky I have your work is the word yet what did you want to use the telescope for so we found an object that we were looking at and recently realized that it was so my sieve and so dense that we think it's the projects are all of a global cluster so global clusters are incredibly dense conglomerations of millions of stars in a very tiny volume there's remnants of extreme star formation of aids and so we phoned this and we asked to see hey we've might nor if we can look at this close to these extreme stellar systems for how long did you have to wait until you actually received your data that was a long time it was about a year because there was a storm was over in the world who want those few hours or 1015 precious hours and so there's a Q.'s quite literally a queue of all these projects that have been given the thumbs up science wise and then you just sit and wait your turn. On the given the 4 Ponce astronomer power Cortez carries out observations very eagerly waiting astronomers all over the world without knowing who's who I could not tell you what we're observing tonight because we are blind to what's where the 6 acute in the air is that we have to be as fair as possible all powers see is a big spreadsheet full of project numbers of the stuff he decides what observations will be made on the basis of weather conditions and the configuration of the antennas. Not the science or the scientists we heard yet if you heard it we can ping back and forth and then arrives. To the meeting and how does it arrive a variance or money so actually I'm usually sitting at my desk in my office in Liverpool as an email your days as read if you to download and there's a link and it's very easy to get carried out by the daily routine we lose perspective but there are times that surely when we are trying to do something we really knew English that information which is not that glamorous that we're getting from the screen becomes why they're standing in quite significant. Can you show me some images try to describe what what we're looking at here Ok so this image is. Enormous gas quote. The image in here has been processed a bit this has been run through software that does innovation a rudimentary we. The sky looks like visually these things would look like the dark are an inch blob with several bright spots that blow out dead about yet yet or I mean so most redo images look very poor but that's just the nature of what brings you data looks like those individual bright points are the individual forming a solar systems the new king at but 25000 light years away. So looking at this image now whatever is happening at that place has already advanced by 25000 years yes. Distribution of the b.b.c. World Service in the u.s. Is made possible by American Public Media producer and distributor of award winning public radio content engaging audiences creating meaningful experiences and fostering conversations proud to deliver the highest quality and most respected global news b.b.c. World Service because global times call for global perspectives a.p.m. American Public Media. Hurricane Harvey 1st made landfall more than a week ago what comes next for the victims of the storm is my hope that in spite of how massive this storm has been that the city of Houston will quickly to get back to where we were and then even govern young that the latest on Hurricane Harvey and all the news Sunday on Weekend Edition from n.p.r. News Sunday mornings at 6 on 91.5 k. Or c. C. . Luna Goodison says she didn't choose to be a poet however she feels compelled to be one but it's her duty to document the slave history of her native Jamaica recently Luna was appointed the island's poet laureate and I decided to write a special poem to mark the public holiday of emancipation day when the last slaves were freed in Jamaica as someone who can spend years crafting her work will she meet her deadline joining me Andrea kid in the studio with Luna Goodison after the news b.b.c. News where Jerry Smit North Korea says it has successfully tested a hydrogen bomb which can be loaded onto a missile is the 6th on the ground nuclear test by North Korea in just over a decade and Japanese scientists say it was 10 times more powerful than the last one a year ago. The test has been widely condemned China Pyongyang's main ally said it resolutely opposed it and called on the north to respect u.n. Security Council resolutions and halt his nuclear tests the Japanese foreign minister said the test was unforgivable opposition activists and human rights campaigners have condemned the arrest on treason charges of Cambodia's opposition leader comes a car his Cambodian national rescue party called the detention politically motivated he was expected to be the main challenger to Cambodia's veteran leader whom Sen in elections next year. May embers state media say residents of towns close to the border with Bangladesh have been asked to cooperate with the security forces searching for what they called extremist terrorists the author it is warn them not to challenge the security forces when they enter their villages. The former governor of India's Central Bank has said the government's decision to withdraw or high denomination currency notes could not be described as a success the unexpected move last November designed to flush out under cloud world cause economic chaos tens of thousands of residents of the German city of Frankfort have left their homes for the day to allow experts to diffuse a massive unexploded bomb from the 2nd World War police checked every designated house with heat detection technology to make sure everyone was out. The imperial household in Japan has announced that the Emperor's oldest granddaughter Princess Marco is getting engaged to a man she met a university is the 1st step in a lengthy marriage process which will see the princess lose her royal status b.b.c. News. Hello and welcome to in the studio from the b.b.c. World Service the series that meet some of the world's most creative people and finds out how they work and think. I'm Andrea kid and in this program will be in the company of the prize winning Jamaican poet Luna Goodison from the very beginning of my career as a boy had been writing about slavery plantations leaver and of course division of sugar and there are some dysentery visit all a term I need to cry old in some way a bill that is. Born in Kingston Jamaica but now living in Canada one h. Of islands people sights and sounds along with this history of slavery continue to inspire hope then don't chop furious on course like we could slip Dr a tell Grosso it good for not Lizzie an a mix of Florida she said bad leg sin that harm commit I'm gone we can stand up an all or d. Of Jubilee a call. In May this year was appointed as the 1st female poet laureate of Jamaica and has decided to mark a 1st Emancipation Day in the roll with a special poem The public holiday of emancipation day on the 1st of all guest commemorates the end of slavery in Jamaica but no one is not a poet who usually writes to deadlines and this past approaching day is a very important one for her both professionally and personally it's also her birthday I don't think it's an accident that I was born on the 1st of August and I don't think it's an accident that I was given the gift of poetry so I took that to mean that I am to read what most people on the commission and I would. Career burden of. Unholy prevailed until a day. Known as in London on a book tour for her recently published collected poems and I meet her outside what used to be an old warehouse in East London built at the time of the transatlantic slave trade to still sugar from the West Indian plantations how much now has been turned into the Museum of London Docklands I have a special relationship with this museum just to be standing in a place where people acknowledge the fact that plantation slavery contributed so much to the economy of Britain I'm thinking about the fact that so many people millions of people. From Africa to the new world in order to go to be sure so I'm feeling very quiet Insead standing here and. I'm saw them close the tears I tend to be a great big bag of feelings. Just walking or on the really I think that's why I had to do what I do You said you are full of feelings is that what makes you look. I don't know I didn't decide to be a poet it was not my choice and I just found myself writing poetry from the time I was a very small child I would see people or on me people of African descent in Jamaica and I often wondered a lot about the cultural retentions if I could reclaim any of these memories I wanted to do with that I wanted to speak about older people who suffered such unspeakable degradation were able to sometimes mentee in their dignity in the face of unspeakable assaults in my own family my mother was a grandmother had memories of slavery and I was told very clearly by relatives who knew her that she was very anxious that we should not forget about this. Great grandmother was again a woman wide as turning the corner. Of her face could see behind her her cheeks dusted with a fine rash of jet bead warts but when the rain said. We've come to the permanent London sugar and slavery exhibition on the 3rd floor of the museum. On the wall of the entrance is a list of hundreds of slave ships that left the city in the late 18th century destined 1st for West Africa and the Caribbean is ironic that some of the ships of because the exact French ship golden girl. Some marries Flora Helen is actually one called African. You currently on a book tour and here to a literary festival and so gives an opportunity to visit places like this but it's not your home area it's not your studio. A book to be a creative time for you well yes it is I'm standing here and I know that I will have to write a book because because it strikes me that it's one thing to see that wall you know of names of the ships the slave ships and I was immediately struck by the fact that so many new ships had really lovely names but. What actually went on longer ships is something is so indescribably minutely it's I know I'm going to have to write about that because it is a big disconnect that begs for some kind of explanation or some I need to cry out in some way about you know how will you remember those feelings will you keep a notebook to keep it from I do keep notebooks but I would also I think just not be able to forget it there's a sort of burden placed on me in a way that I cannot explain and it will not go away until I wrecked it all that much anyway. We now go behind the scenes away from the exhibition How long will it take to put a poem together how long can the process before I have never had a good fortune to get a poor man and then write it once and that is it I spend an awful lot of time fixing them up on taping them up and trying words or turn true and what will freeze is and I want to write the best possible poems that I can and so do whatever that could often mean 2030 dress and working on a poor novel because I was just made good there's a poor may have been thinking about for some time and I actually did some early drafts and some one amendment in your books because I've given massive the task of finishing it as an emancipation poem for August the 1st this year so even as we speak I'm working on it. Even though we're thousands of miles away from your home you've actually brought with 3 different notebooks all very different some are very small lined pieces of a 5 size and what's interesting is that everything is really handwritten but it's all written in completely different things this is browning and I said this is black ink you've got red ink on the next page as well hurried to the little Hansel you know those were there to her it doesn't matter to you to what you're writing with no it does not know. 2 thirds of the way through this book which is falling apart and says are more meal on the cover and I bought in Mexico all in a marketing war Hark up. I'm pretty sure it is an absolute 1st draft of what I'm hoping will become my emotive vision board the only thing that's I recognise from this 1st draft is that I am writing it in the voice of an enslaved woman. Young girl rather was a friend who are questionable The are part of the last group of exactly people who are going to be set free because the phone old from Hillary because was a great historian he told me that people are not us all are freed on the 1st of August it into it that they were freed in stages so the staggered distinction earlier in the year made their own January it would go to skilled labor as the. The very very last to get freedom or to come on ordinary you know the grass wheedles on the cane called toes and in a wonderful way of of human beings those people were far of a look dawn upon better or you know the word considered important enough to get from early. So the speaker of course she was your friend they're both 1st of all those leaders in the pool and they're watching the people have been freed them and they're making fun of them teasing them could you read me just the very beginning of this 1st draft. I tell question but don't cry. When I walk past your wooden bar you know on the we had to be free. Like others we've known him. When I'm singing banter in song. Doesn't get 1st and 2nd for. An hour like we said get live kid trash to live and. It's interesting that in the book here it almost looks like a fully formed poem it's not single words it's not single lines you've actually written a page and a half here it can be just sort of. I think it was also crying when are were did. A lot when I read them usually the ones that made me cry as I read them tend to flaw I'm not being corny but this kind of like you're some kind of lubrication. They're all wrong. It's just. To the marchers. Minutes after the 2 guys. From. The. Later on in the 2nd page you've actually added. So much namely here I know how to use I know how to have Yeah and that's been added later it's a different pen Yeah and I'm not even sure it's going to make his way into the board but I have some point devoiced came out of the poor and it was as if she was singing because sometimes I have the of course media but sometimes the poor just once a signal that I have to be. Org You just. Really . Start some point she says add north to r.b.s. And north to a ball I dig my be wrong on my lip as I watch him play a bust me tear up my body time my Borg she's us caught up in just keeping ourselves to get out as she watches everybody is Buster to freedom bunch of you know. Eva She goes so brought a printed copy of the poem which is a draft for the room. I tell question about war like in a sedan when in person them big boned land bank around and Jubilee buttering song and sure we get left but because according to Massa freedom is like way when transferred on to the computer stop looking at the one in a notebook I was just going on memory of what So I think big things I never do you know got left old and some things that weren't in it before I know it so when you actually type it up you don't look at the original now not in this case. But more think about it I want to reintegrate some of these from the 1st draft back into it but you said you wouldn't normally do that what we created today is how it you know you what you're doing is causing me to think. When General Conda led some skilled and the colored mixed blood January name after the 2 faced security guard who stand by the doorway and the Satan who must be a HUO and the pending on what to man tell him and slam the door and drop the ball so in the original He talked about July June and now in this draft or in January they had started releasing people from his or. As January so that's waving to January and actually this whole section here has disappeared already you know what I like it I think of what I most want to put it but. Others working on it is a work in progress. Can you write anywhere does it matter that you're not at home in Canada that your here in London no I do or do write anywhere everyone on the say Dhaval groups are bad ones that poor really be directing and so I just had to stop Iran scribble it on the side of the grocery bag I once came with a plea it wasn't a good player and I was just reading important in my mind so just went outside on the road around the edges of the program if I remember to have a little a little bright yellow Mini and I would drive about the streets of Kingston and I'd have to pull off to the set of a rule to write them down you know. So a poem can come to you at literally any time you can be in a grocery store or you can be at a play and what this idea comes to you are the words come to you how does it work sometimes as some sort of sensory trigger I've heard poor come because I have some particular smell or a particular Saunders And is it a whole poem nor is it a long line is it a word is it a feeling never a whole or poor Magnavox in that lucky sometimes it's a 1st line but sometimes it's or saw an image. Which of them begins to speak it's no the beginning of July so yeah that gives you less than a month feeling confident what are you RINGBACK doing Mr Man No I'm not but. I wanted to be whole I wanted to be and sometimes that takes a very long time you know. This for. A few listening to in the studio and from the b.b.c. World Service and in this program we're following the creative process of the Jamaican poet laureate Luna Goodison as she writes against a fast approaching deadline a new poem to commemorate Emancipation Day and to make a national holiday on the 1st of August it's just over a week since our visit to the Museum of London Docklands Luna has returned to Jamaica and is busy soaking up the inspirations of the island kids. When I'm away from Jamaica I get an idea and I get the skeleton born on paper and in Iraq and I work and then I reach a point where I think this is not going where I wanted to go and then I come to Jamaica. And very often I've been at the same place from which we're speaking the litany club I'm looking outside of the lignum vitae tree there are lots of lovely is a way to heal a butterfly as growing Roldan grown in the leaves of lignum vitae tree there are all kinds of interesting birds. This very hot. And I look outside and something happens some sort a shift to explain this and the poor becomes a poor man I wanted to be how is your poem going to mark Jamaican Emancipation Day I think the voice in the point changed after we went to the doc loans made. One day I decided to try writing the poor Mina different voice maybe in our sort of voice a voice that was not connected in any way at least to really it is a big gun would. Let on the play and I did a few tries but when I came back to Jamaica I went down to hunt of all where my mother's from a Les Paul to some of my relatives and friends and I just felt that that had to be divorce and having don't doubt I just decided I needed to go back to my original idea I write the poem in the voice of a woman who is one of the last to be set free. And I have to tell. You the title changed already in 8 days the title change already Yes a tad less change completely. I think of my poems as a living breathing organisms with opinions on things like they sometimes are so the say were I don't like myself being called this I think this is a better title it's now called testimony of a 1st of August negro one of the last to be set free I tell my friend question go on like it don't you miss and then one or leave scot free where we still back in peace the 1st free wooden bantering song. True Word upon we will get left back because according to my song Freedom is like an aged white. That's interesting because that 2nd line is now completely different and you've added the aging white run Yes and also band and free the 2nd line has who leave scot free while we still bank and it was who a pass with them big bundle and bang. Also the quotation from us about freedom as I can aged word Rome is ironic It sounds rather. They're like one of the things that was written are all the time to justify keeping some people in slavery use a section at the end when January come the letter as long as they're gone let's just go till it got here that's 9 lines just gone like that yeah after many months of our going to. So that order me the human we'd to dig it dawn on Route 2 up and fling it to one side of the your roots back into grown together you're as good as any growing thing you're just planted where you list scalded and use that because you are in Jamaica it's those feelings that actually you need to keep going back to remind yourself where the poems are rooted I think that is so maybe if you would pause a question to me 2 years ago I would have said Oh I'm not sure but I'm positive in all that that is a very important part of my process with some point I have to be here to finish them to make them right are you aware that the deadline for a month's patient day because I'm doing this leaning closer your oh you're always doing. Yes I am aware. Well I'm here till next week sometime and I'm working every day I keep speaking to him I was born about it in a because I read it to him as well I keep saying don't do in a morally they're fine please don't mess with it at the mores I promise you under There's only so much changing one can do while. It's now the 31st of July tomorrow is Emancipation Day and Luna is back at home in Half Moon Bay 2 hours north of Vancouver on Canada's west coast. It feels great to be home it's always nice to be able to. I am sitting on by the deck right by the sea and up see you just popped up a while ago and went back on her and so that is beginning to homing birds us a little homing words much smaller than the ones we have in Jamaica is pretty beautiful bright sunshine and right by the water. Luna Hello hi how are you good morning good morning the big question is the poem finished I think the poem is finished I think the poem is finished a poem is finished. We were going to publish it tomorrow but tomorrow's need to be we've made a decision to publish it in the Sunday paper which has a bigger readership it has been made in the postcards by the National Library of Jamaica when you left Jamaica how much of the poem was left to finish most of it was finished but. The last 2 mornings were no in Jamaica I didn't touch it and then I came here back to one b. And I walk up in the middle of the night and sorted some things. I just kept thinking I just kept doing things to it down yesterday I thought of one other thing I could do and I thought no I can't keep doing this so I am officially done I've noticed something that's been happening with my work in that I begin something in my house here and then I get to a point where nothing happens and then I get to Jamaica and then it just falls into place and then I come back and I sort of I'm able to finish it off how many drafts do you reckon you've done at this point now I'm going with 3540 if at the very least the last time we spoke you do move lines you change the last minute change the title and you said you weren't going to change it much so what if anything did change 2 parts I looked at in being because that changes beginning I have decided I wanted more to happen in the beginning so I have the voice of the woman in the porn who is telling her friend to plug our ears and bees wax so she doesn't hear the songs of the people who are passing who have been set free. I tell my friend to crush stop up your ears with this bees wax so that the bantering song of all will get to leave scars free to be who still banged the key in peace so it's become more of a conversation between the 2 women you actually hearing their voices for the 1st time Absolutely and I have to confess that I burst into tears a bit when her q. Was question responses since I'm Karen McCall from getting a won't go and that's a line from our song I think that's 100 Sora songs in Slate people would sing. I say don't book you'll wait longer Rady more Still she said since I'm caramel from Guinea. Need to but it is one thing we learn from what St Paul preach is this they doubt wheat nor is not him said that must be the prophet as there are some on a mano help but would a lock on key my friend such a door here no comfortable words today my heart strings stretch Oh to disappoint the tired pretty bend on. A lot of what I've been doing with this poem I think us to do with just thinking about coping mechanisms hope people Corp did something as devastating as waiting for years and years to be set free and then to be told it's not your turn yet pretty little grass weed to me you are a sweet rules even though some don't think so according to them it matters not what you bought and blossom you do not cone does flow was there for you not good enough to cause I'm put in a water and said pun table in a big hose. I thought it was a poem and 2 parts but it turned out to be a poem in 3 parts and I think the voice in the 3rd part is a male voice he sounds like an older man and it's as if he's sort of endorsing what those women said and he's summing it up in a very powerful we are not a great Jamaican who happen to be a dear friend of mine was Professor Rex nettle for it was a very fond of saying you know we all came out at a kid. When he was in a kind of national discourse he would always bring to it the sobering thought that no matter how some of us had made progress and some of us hadn't we should always be compassionate and remember that we all had to see the beginnings and a poem seemed to want to end on that note. Some believe the foolishness the horrid horrid sea board freedom not for any and everyone also in need to be bled with breadline bit like mule on horse not because some get let go 1st always remember this it matters not where needed leave every single one of we come out of the kid in peace. I'm trying to fulfill one of my duties sport laureate of Jamaica and that is to wrote poems for you know important occasions like emancipation and I'm done and I have to think about the next what i wrote but for now I'm not going to do that I'm going to try to enjoy my birthday tomorrow and just look at the scene. You've been listening to in the studio from the b.b.c. World service to the Jamaican poet laureate Luna Goodison the producer and presenter is Andrea.