In addition how to get started on Saturday morning well you can help weekend edition you can donate your car. 'd 'd will turn it into the program 'd. 'd for details this is Southern Colorado's n.p.r. Station k. Or c c c c h d Colorado Springs Katie e.c.c. Long hunter. K w c c f m Woodland Park streaming in your c.c. Dot org. You're listening to the inquiry on the b.b.c. World Service I'm James Fletcher this week video games a waste of time in the United States young men working less and playing video games more the problem is you become a consumer video games and nothing else and it's at the expense of being educated in life but our games just mindless fun games unlike other media actually are for the person who's engaging with them consequential choice making some games helping ordinary people solve real scientific problems electricians secretaries paralegals there to ones that come up to the top and could games provide a sense of identity in a world where work is rapidly changing they call it find rewarding work and therefore the mastery of a video game becomes important space for them that's the inquiry after the news. Hello I'm Gerri Smith with the b.b.c. News the Indian Supreme Court has ruled the Privacy is a fundamental right for every citizen a decision that has implications for the country's biometric identity card scheme where more than a 1000000000 people are involved in the world's largest biometric database so enjoy magenta explains what is likely to mean for the scheme known as the implications are massive because the number of services essential services which the government had insisted another card was mandatory for include things such as opening a bank account filing your tax returns even accessing welfare benefits and therefore it's going to be very interesting to see how the government approaches there's a separate court is going to go into some detail to see what the implications specifically are for the idea system but I think it's fair to say that there are a lot of lot of question marks now over that entire system senior White House delegation led by President Trump son and Lord is in Israel for talks on how to restart the Middle East peace process Tom Bateman is in Jerusalem according to the White House the discussions will focus on a path to substantial peace talks but the chances of any breakthrough looks slim there is growing frustration among Palestinian officials but Mr Trump has not explicitly endorsed a 2 state solution the long standing policy position of his predecessors Meanwhile both Israel's prime minister and the Palestinian Authority president face significant internal political challenges which are likely to limit their capacity to make concessions required for any future negotiations senators in the Philippines have opened an inquiry into the police handling of the recent spike of drug related killings the case of the 17 year old boy who was killed by police last week Karen Lloyd Dobler Santos was among more than 80 people reported to have been shot dead in raids against suspected drug traffickers officials said the teenager had fired police 1st but witnesses. Said he didn't have a gun and c.c.t.v. Images showed a man widely identified as Mr De la Santos then carried to a place where his body was later found. The Brazilian government turns abolished a vast national reserve in the Amazon to open up the area to commercial mineral exploration Camillo Koester in Sao Paulo has the details this is the 1st time in 30 years that the Brazilian government is to allow mining in the Amazon the area which covers 46000 square kilometers and straddles the northern states of armor. Is thought to be rich in gold iron manganese another minerals the decision comes after a series of controversial measures by President Michel damage relaxing the rules for allowing economic activities in the Amazon environmentalists warn that this could further increase deforestation and land disputes between farmers and indigenous communities Camilla cast world news from the b.b.c. Dodge police have arrested a 2nd suspect after a rock concert was cancelled last night because of a possible attack police say the man is 22 and lives in Southern Evelyn's a Chinese court has sentenced a computer hacker to 6 years in prison for his links to a food case that led to the death of a teenager duty and you was found guilty of illegally obtaining the personal information of more than 600000 students who had written China's college entrance examination he then sold the data to a group of fraudsters who contacted the students pretending to be university officials demanding tuition payments 118 year old girl reportedly died of a heart attack after realising she had given the con artists the tuition money her poor family had saved for her. The Cambodian government has responded to criticism of his decision to shut down a u.s. Funded pro-democracy group calling the American political system bloody and brutal an open letter sent to the u.s. Ambassador questioned whether the u.s. Was aiming to help or hinder the command people scientists have developed an insecticide that exploited mosquitoes attraction to sweet substances and makes you believe this drinking a sugary treat the drug of their tracks is laced with chemicals that mimic the sweet smells the lure of the insects he could both refers to suppress malaria and other mosquito borne diseases worldwide a general matter Neto who developed the inside decide said trials in Tanzania and villages have been very positive we used 8 villages 4 of them with treated the outside of the houses with as formulation and we monitored more students that were getting into the houses in the villages without any sector so Project tracks treatment the mosquito population took off and became tremendously big whereas in the deck tracks treated villages to publish and took a nosedive and went down to almost 0 enough your ex and that's the b.b.c. News. Welcome to the enquiry on the b.b.c. World Service Each week we bring you 4 expert witnesses one pressing question from the news. University graduation addresses generally have an inspiring message think of Apple founder Steve Jobs telling students to follow their hearts or Harry Potter author j.k. Rowling talking about learning from failure but when Professor Eric Hurst took to the stage at the University of Chicago last year instead of offering inspiration he pointed out a stark statistic in the u.s. Almost a quarter of lowest skilled men in their twenty's did no paid work a toll in 2015 a figure that's grown rapidly these young men without a college degree are now less likely to work than they were before or less likely to marry than they were before have not increased their propensity to go to school and are more likely to live with a close relative or parent. So if they're working less or not are told what are they doing Professor Hurst had a surprising answer from his own research videogame playing the average young lower skilled 9 employed man spends about 2 hours per day on video games in 10 percent of them report 42 hours a week a full time job a video game playing Professor Hurst and his colleagues have found that young men in the us a working less and playing video games more this is both because some jobs are becoming harder to find and less rewarding and because video games are becoming more and more attractive to gamers say they're happy that Professor Hood was worried that in the future they'd find they did not accumulate on the job skills because they were idle in their twenty's playing video games is now put food on their family's table the effects of changing technology on labor markets will likely have repercussions. For years to come this research has got a lot of attention partly because it sharpens longstanding concerns about video games that there may be a lost generation of young men sitting in their parents' basements frittering their lives away on mindless games with disastrous long term effects for them and the economy I'm James Fletcher and this week on the inquiry we're asking video games a waste of time. 'd one shooting down stereotypes. My 1st job when I finished college was that is new and every day I would pass through this bird house and I didn't particularly like birds I have to be honest fresh from studying English literature Catherine is based or had little interest in birds or video games and then one day there was a kiosk that showed up in the bird house and I thought oh I've got a little time so I played this game. And the idea of the game was you had to try to be a Redwing Blackbird 1st season. And the weird thing was when I finished playing this game I actually had a lot more empathy for birds and I thought to myself that is really amazing I want to understand that better so I ended up going back to graduate school explicitly to study you know what is it about games that moves people emotionally. Catherine is based or is now professor of computational media at the University of California Santa Cruz she's going to help us get a handle on the basics what a computer games like and who's playing them these days a lot of people still have in their mind that the archetypal gamers some teenage boy in the basement shooting things but the fact of the matter is I think the average gamer is in their thirty's. Reason almost as many women as men play games games and now a $100000000000.00 industry bigger than Hollywood and an estimated $2200000000.00 people play them on everything from phones to P.C.'s to Consols everywhere there's a digital technology there's somebody making a game to play on it and those games very just as widely from casual fun games to sprawling immersive online worlds there's been a real renaissance specially in the last 5 to 10 years in game design and development just a broad range of different types of emotional experiences that people are creating but sometimes that emotional depth is obscured by some of the more controversial aspects of popular games one that's taken a lot of flak right it's Grand Theft Auto they put in content that's risque or extra violent and I think they do it partly because they know they'll get some attention from that they work hard to screw over everybody that you love her rob kill indiscriminately and maybe just maybe if you're lucky you become a 3 big gangster. Are there any redeeming features to a game like Grand Theft Auto they were one of the 1st to create beautiful sweeping worlds. I can remember driving around in this car not completing any of the violent missions just looking at this huge world and watching the sun come up and I thought this just this is incredible. That emotional experience of gaming is not just passively seeing and reacting games unlike other media actually offer the person who's engaging with them consequential choice making you can get someone to feel guilt or regret when they're playing a game because they've made choices and if they're consequences for those choices they feel that more deeply than they would. When they you know watch a movie or they read a book another long held stereotype about gaming is that it's a solitary experience something Catherine his business says is no longer true the nice thing about games is he taking action with other people in a world together so it's more like sport it's like you're all on the soccer field together playing together bonding with each other. First expert witness has argued that video games to waste of time any more than great books or movies or that they can provide rich emotionally compelling experiences but amid all this high minded talk she says there's one aspect of games we shouldn't forget there's always a role for casual fun you know it's the same in movies as it is in games or at Sometimes you just want to read John or a fiction or see an action movie right but but other times you want to have a more complex engaging experience that gets you thinking. This combination of entertainment and emotional depth is a big reason why video games a more alluring than ever but is that a good thing. Pants to last n. Pixels. Many many years ago when I was teaching at Stanford my son Adam was a videogame addict our 2nd expert witness is Philip Zimbardo back in the 1990 s. He was a psychology professor most famous for the so-called Stanford prisoner experiment but his son's experiences with video games led him in a new research direction he would be playing hours in into the night made a lot of enemies because if he was so good at the game that other kids could not get on a machine and I actually wrote an article saying I am concerned that this kind of gaming could have a more negative impact than positive and I saw it in my son. So what does he see as that negative impact of gaming it's time away from everything else you're not creating anything you're not learning anything new you're not exercising and you're not sitting down to family dinners you're not watching the news you're not reading or not writing so the problem is you become a consumer of video games and nothing else and it's at the expense of being educated in life this isn't just wasting time in the present doctors in bother says it's also a way of being which has an impact on the future he calls it present headed mistake which is seeking a novelty you get bored easily you always want something new something exciting you seek sensation you need to know lation your excitement you make decisions on the spur of the moment without thinking of the future consequences so this is Ok if you're a kid once you begin to be a young adult that means you never planned for the future and so he planned for the future is not going to have a future and video games tap into that So what about the emotion. The richness and complexity of games that our 1st expert witness described it's a game it's not like playing these games does not prepare you to be a husband a father a voter volunteer ing for social needs in your city in your community these games do not prepare you to live in every day social reality. We've already heard that gaming is no longer the male dominated world that stereotypes would suggest but the concern that gaming is problematic but it's a waste of time a was is most often focused on young men doctors in Bhatta has written a book called Men disconnected and says the problem for some men is not just the allure of games but the increasing challenges of the real world many young men are being lured into b.-o. Games because what it means to be a man is now in flux women are doing better than at her academically so many no longer even can compete with women the other problem if you play videogames is so exciting and then you go to school and school is boring most teachers don't know how to use technology and education is tied to perhaps the biggest problem lack of employment if they don't have a degree a high school degree certainly a college degree then there are no available jobs for them then that's another reason for them to stay in a video world of virtual reality and in social reality. I'm not against video games it's only 2 issues excess social isolation and when you link those 2 it leads to social destructiveness. So often games a waste of time a 2nd expert witness suggests that despite their emotional richness games essentially don't give back they take. People and men in particular a way away from education away from work away from society and ultimately away from their own futures it's a major problem and the evidence is it's getting worse and worse in Japan in Korea in Poland in America and in the u.k. And Australia all the places we have study societies cannot afford to lose millions and millions of young men to the video game world who could make a contribution to improving the quality of life in their community. So easy right. Part 3 Gaming the good. Member playing Frogger until the logs moved so quickly that it was completely uncontrollable. Popovich is a man after my own heart someone who cut the gaming teeth getting a frog to cross a road into a river in the classic eighty's arcade game Frogger. Distinctly remember getting frustrated by never really seeing the end of it did you get the high score yeah yeah amongst my friends I did on that specific bit. These days his goals are a little lofty basically showing people that they can become world class scientists through participating in a game community Professor Popovich runs the Center for game science at the University of Washington in the us almost 9 years ago they developed a game called Foldit for that is basically trying to solve one of the greatest mysteries of life namely hard do we know what proteins are doing proteins have a 3 dimensional shape which determines what the protein does but the number of possible shapes is astronomical figuring out the best ones had stumped even the most powerful computers so Professor Popovich his team turned the problem into a computer game with echoes of one of the most popular games ever it's kind of like Tetris but imagine sort of Tetris on steroids if you will with 3 dimensions and you can sort of burn them and move things around in all possible directions like a spatial puzzle and so when you say game I think kind of fun and when you say protein folding I think homework hard work one of the game elements that marked this out as a as a game that you brought to this that you saw engage people there's music on but there's also visual elements to it. When you accomplish something there are sort of these immediate feedback of things splashing things turning around things spinning around. There's a scoring system too and social interaction with other players about half a 1000000 people have now played Foldit and their discoveries have been used to research diseases and develop drug treatments there was a protein that people didn't know how to solve they worked on it for 13 years they say Ok well presented to the fall of the community 10 days later this protein structure was discovered and confirmed in the laboratory Professor Popovich his team have recently launched another game called Mosaic which gets players to help figure out the shape of brain cells called neurons what's amazing is that it has already generated about 100 or more. What I would call sort of game base and there are scientists who are have sped up the center of it process by a factor of 4 with both fold it and most AK work that was previously being done by professional scientists who spent years studying for Ph D.'s is now being done by electricians secretaries paralegals you know you wouldn't think that they would be into science but there do ones that come up to the top we really did something unique from the perspective of having people really reach expertise world class expertise from practically knowing not knowing anything about the main that they were working on initially despite this steep unorthodox learning curve Professor Popovich says some of these people he calls game based neuroscientists a good enough to be paid I see a number of different nor a science labs in the next year or 2 basically being able to compensate people for what they're working for I can tell you I'm actively working towards setting up these kinds of structures now. Folders and mosaic a part of the burgeoning field games which I aim to make a positive impact in the wider world. There are games aiming to do everything from treating attention deficit disorder and p.t.s.d. To improving the global response to pandemics one of the fundamental mechanisms of games is that the difficulty level is intelligently adjusted to match the skill of the player so they don't find it too hard and give up Zoran Popovich is team are already using this in educational games for school kids when you applied to math and English it turns out that kids don't get the solution and they get actually inspired by doing this and they're believing in themselves which is oftentimes the most important thing. 3rd expert witness has explained how some video games do make a contribution both to society through scientific discovery and to individuals through education possibly even allowing them to earn money from the skills they learn. But protein folding is always going to be a tiny nice and you could argue that science games are more science than games could mainstream gaming ever deliver the same sorts of benefits. For well the pot to get there. I'm currently playing a game called Dark Souls Purdy's isn't Torrijos for being punishing if you still think that games are just frivolous fun. Might convince you otherwise the tagline of the game is you died and basically it's a failure that we keep throwing ourselves against in order to try to master the puzzles He's a sociology lecturer and gaming expert at Manchester Metropolitan University in the u.k. Although he's punishing himself with puzzles he says focusing too much on the mental challenges or emotional content of gay. I mean he ignores one of its most important elements if you actually look at a skilled players hands they're incredible they're performing in excess of 800 actions per minute. You know if anyone was to want to understand the skills that are generated from playing a video game then I would suggest that they go in You Tube professional gamers and watch the videos where people are recorded their handwork look at that and then keep something like a piano player in mind. Highly skilled piano playing and gaming both the products of obsessive often socially isolated practice but in the past only one of those skills has been fated that's beginning to change with the rise of competitive gaming now it is a sports where players vie for prizes that can be in the millions of dollars now having conversations about pointy sports on the Olympics so it's just funny how the Protestant Ethic continues it's the only that which earns us money can be conceptualized as a good like Olympic sport it's only the very few who will ever achieve money and fame from competitive gaming but Tom brought believes the rise of e-sports might lead to gaming skills being better valued in the real world more and more research is coming out today that suggests that games are helping players develop skills like patience perseverance strategic planning creative prowess pro-social behavior like sympathy and leadership skills because people are playing together some of these skills might have more personal benefits while others might be more pleasurable to the workplace Tom Brock says that through team gaming players learn to inspire and mobilize. They're teammates towards share goals video game players are good at resolving interpersonal conflicts when placed in the competitive team game situations but even if gaming skills could help gamers find work one of the very reasons they gaming more in the 1st place is because work is changing my dad was a lithographic printer operator and that was the only job he ever had in his life I think the average amount of jobs today that young people are projected to have is somewhere in the region of about $20.00 to $30.00 in their lifetime as work for some becomes more transients Tom Brock says it provides less in terms of a stable identity and community he argues that gaming can provide some of the same sense of value and belonging that work once did they can find rewarding work in other aspects of their life and therefore the mastery of a video game becomes important space for them in a way that others recognize and respect them for it and that's a very powerful motivator it's a different way to look at something that's currently viewed with suspicion people mostly young men working less and gaining more. That is not to create a moral panic around we are you losing young men to video games it's to recognize that videogames are rewarding spaces for work and say how can we change work to reflect games and if not then how do we value. The skills that exist within games. It's about moving beyond this binary sense of play and work it's about moving beyond the sense that you know work is a productive space in gaming is an escape from that productive space. So our video games a waste of time we've heard the fear that games take people away from what's considered. The real world of work and social interaction but our expert witnesses have also explained how the world of gaming is in many ways just as rich and as we've just heard it might be time to stop viewing these 2 worlds as opposite and separate and stop thinking about what they could learn from each other. That's all for this edition of the inquiry and for me James Flecha it was produced by Benedict. If you want to make sure you never miss an edition of the enquiry subscribe to a podcast just search for b.b.c. The inquiry with an eye where you get your podcasts next week we're asking can you rig someone else's election. Distribution of the b.b.c. World Service and the u.s. Is made possible by American Public Media producer and distributor of award winning public radio content designed to engage inform and entertain proud to offer the b.b.c. World Service in bringing global news reach to an American audience because we live in an increasingly global rapidly changing and interconnected world a.p.m. American Public Media. Hi I'm Steve owner of clean air lawn care listeners of 91.5 Care So you see understand our message of green solutions for lawn care underwriting and station has worked well for clean air lawn care and I suggest other business owners try it if you'd like to find out more about underwriting through your business. Or Jeanette 719473480. You're listening to the b.b.c. World Service with me Andrew Walker of the business daily will be asking what will be on the minds of central bankers and policy makers as they meet in the u.s. Resort of Jackson Hole in Wyoming on Friday will also be examining why Frankfurt may not become the world's new finance capital and taking a look at how to kick in will be off the menu for India that's all after the latest news. B.b.c. News with Jerry Smit India's who print Court has ruled that individual privacy is a fundamental right that landmark judgement has implications for India's massive biometric identity card scheme in which almost all Indians are now unrolled it was conceived as a voluntary system but is mandatory for many services an international commission has advised me m.r.s. Government to lift restrictions on his ethnic Muslim or Hindu minority allowing for freedom of movement and a path to Bernie citizenship the commission said the authorities must deal with the ranger without violence or they risk being radicalized by extremists. Senators in the Philippines have opened an inquiry into the police handling of the recent spike of drugs related killings the proceedings will focus on the case of a 17 year old boy who was killed by police last week dodged police have arrested a 2nd suspect after a rock concert was cancelled last night because of a possible attack police say the man is 22 and then in the sudden Evelyn's his flat is being searched police are still questioning the driver of a Spanish version that was told near the conservation you in Rotterdam carrying gas canisters. A Chinese court has sentenced a computer hacker to 6 years in prison for his links to a Ford case that led to the death of a teenager duty I knew was found guilty of illegally obtaining the personal information of more than $600000.00 students who had written Chinese college entrance examination he then sold the data to a group of fraudsters who contacted the students pretending to be university officials demanding tuition payments scientists have developed an insecticide that exploited mosquitoes attraction to sweet substances the drug is laced with chemicals that mimic the Swede smells that lure the insects trials in Tanzania where malaria is rife suggested the drug almost totally eradicated mosquitoes b.b.c. News. Hello and welcome to business daily from the b.b.c. I'm Andrew Walker coming up reaping what a decade of money printing has so we'll be talking to economist Pip amount about the forthcoming meeting of central bankers in Jackson Hole whatever the old all time record high was the new one is 18 trillion dollars more than it was before because that money has to go somewhere if you give the market free money $800.00 trillion dollars worth of free money can't be surprised that they throw it around and the B.B.C.'s Joe Miller has been finding out how Frankfurt might cope with a sudden influx of bankers they're looking around testing the market where it would say more than 1011 clients currently coming to Frankfurt but honestly the people are coming visiting looking around not making any decisions that's all in business daily from the b.b.c. . It's August which means it's summer holiday time for many people in the northern hemisphere even central bankers they're gathering for their annual retreat in the American mountains at Jackson Hole Wyoming they'll be some hiking but no real escape from the challenges of monetary policy one big issue the return to something like normal after the extraordinary policies in response to the financial crisis the u.s. Federal Reserve has made a start raising interest rates from their ultra global levels post crisis but central banks in the euro zone Japan and the u.k. Have much further to go I've been discussing these issues with the amount Grant who was an economic advisor to President George w. Bush and now to the British government I asked her what she thinks is the biggest problem policymakers face bigger is a small word for the magnitude of problem that they face think of it this way central banks around the world injected roughly 18 trillion dollars into the world economy in the aftermath of the financial crisis hoping that it would save us this is a historic. He said that exactly it's historic has never been seen in history and now the question is how did they take it back and the answer is they can't without disrupting the world economy so they're all saying well let's just do a little bit here and there and then claim that it's more than it is but you know every little rate hike is kind of like taking a cup of water out of the ocean it doesn't really tighten policy and yet they know if they don't do anything we already see record high prices for stock markets record high prices for property for assets and so they know they're creating a bit of a bubble and the foundation for inflation if they do nothing that was my next question is it a bubble that's the consensus view that the big question is when will the stock market crash I have a different approach which is so we should be most worried about well the market housing market people are actually looking at all of them to be honest and saying every single one of them as a valuations that have never been seen in history people say well how can I possibly buy any of these things at their all time record highs my answer is whatever the old all time record high was the new one is 18 trillion dollars more than it was before because that money has to go somewhere I think the big question is are the banks and financial institutions taking more risk today than they did in the run up to the financial crisis and you think it's a case that they could I think there's a case that they that they are and that they're using leverage and using all this free money. To rev up those balance sheets in a more aggressive fashion than before and so that is what makes central bankers nervous is that there's less discipline but I don't know why they're surprised by that because you know if you give the market free money $800.00 trillion dollars worth of free money you can't be surprised that they throw it around I think what's really important is traditionally what financial markets do is whatever is most painful for the most participants and so my question is what would hurt people the most today. I melt down where asset prices fall or a melt up or asset prices rise and I would say it's the latter and that's why I think the latter is still more likely to be the outcome for the time being continued rising asset he said yes but then that everything's Ok if we don't have a great question that is running that's right but what we should keep a sharp eye out for is inflation picks up and I believe inflation is faced by real families and real households is higher than the official data is telling us that's not just in Britain it's a global phenomena it's funny how you talk to people you know at work and they'll say there's absolutely no inflation look at the data and then you go to the bar at 5 or down to the pub and the only thing everybody is talking about is the rising cost of living their electricity bill is going up their gas bill their rail fare the talk about their groceries the school fees the insurance costs I mean you name it it's going up so I think we have set a foundation for inflation to be rising now will it rise so dramatically that that it in of itself is a problem my view is the key thing is when you go from one percent inflation to say 2 and a half which is probably what's happening in Britain in the u.s. That sounds very small that's a massive jump if you're a poor household and it's a serious change in the assets that are buying if you're a pension fund is it possible do you think for central banks to get it right. I think it's a much narrower trickier path and we've ever faced before and that's one reason they're being so darn tentative about everything and they broadcast so far in advance we're thinking we might think about doing something and at this future date because they want to test out what's the market reaction they're terrified of of wrong footing the market do you think we're going to get anything concrete coming out of Jackson who I don't think for example Janet Yellen statements really going to be so surprising she's basically going to say that we're going to let the inflation rate drift a little higher and the interest of letting the economy grow a little faster and encouraging that because in her view there are too many unemployed people still in America and they only have chance to give them is letting the economy roll it'll faster. I think that might not be right they're kind of 2 economies in America and arguably in Britain too there's one that's absolutely on fire and then there's the other one where it doesn't matter how fast the economy grows people are going to be employed because they're almost on employ a ball and she is catering to the latter so this question of what she delivers she's delivering to 2 different communities almost what you see as being the potential political and social consequences of this inflation bring social consequences and I think part of what we see happening in America with these protests and the sense of unease that it's giving us news headlines in America you'll find it in those communities the cost of living has gone up rather more dramatically than the official data is telling us and inflation isn't actually a data point it's a wave so it had some people sooner and harder than others so if you own assets right if you're a wealthy person and you own the stock market you own the bond market and you own property then you're absolutely flying high because all those things have gone up and you don't really care if your grocery bill or your electricity bill is rising. But if you didn't own assets and now they've gone so far out of your reach you don't even think you'll ever own a home but now you're renting is rising dramatically then you have the foundation for protests if we look at Portland for example where we saw the 1st big protests in America I had a look at what happened to rent in the previous 12 months the gone up 15 percent now you cannot tell the people of Portland there's no inflation pick the moment banks now have plenty of other things to talk about quite apart from what to do with all that central bank money sloshing about the financial system that we were just talking about that for some one important question arises from Britain's decision to leave the European Union should they move any of their operations from London Europe's biggest financial center Frankfurt home to the German financial markets and the European Central Bank would be one obvious choice and some banks including Goldman Sachs and Citi Group have announced plans to move at least some jobs there although this stage it's not a flood by any means so how will the city cope the B.B.C.'s Joe Miller reports from Frankfurt. One in the very center of Frank through Tom mine the city that locals like to call in heart because it's the skyline of Scully scrapers is the closest Germany has to that of New York's financial district Frank as a merged ahead of Paris and Dublin as the preferred post Brooks it destination for some of the City of London's largest firms but it's unclear precisely how many bankers will be a rally being here some implausible estimates suggest as many as 100000 the sort of numbers the city would really struggle to accommodate so I've come to talk to those with firsthand knowledge of the demand for office space in this European. It's my name is up in the rock which I'm managing from night Frank Frankfurt last year when the Brick City issue was announced I got called Ellin Are you happy everybody is coming to Frankfurt but unfortunately I have to disappoint you it's not really the fact of the companies they're not meeting a very what will happen in one or 2 years and what will be the result of the BRICs if they're looking around testing the market we have we would say more than $1011.00 clients currently coming to Frankfurt but honestly the people are coming visiting looking around and not making any decisions but do you have enough space in Frankfurt to accommodate tens of thousands of bankers if you see around me approximately 6 developments each of them is bigger than 253-0000 square meter definitely what we can say is we have enough space in Frankfurt. The lack of Truth be told I don't think anybody really wants to move to anywhere however many bricks that exiles end up coming to Frankfurt they would be doing so without attracting the only of some local residents and campaigners on Monday moved to Rio Smith's time bomb or recruit them to retire from retirement and them to come to terms with the situation in Frankfurt we are at the actual for housing crisis there is not enough housing under specially not enough public how awful the citrus population are living off less some 2000 Pierrot's a month Frankfurt has only a population of $730000.00 people half of them would have the right to get social housing how much more expensive apartments all flats in this area about 50 person compared to far here's the. Gist of the rights of us as I luxury apartment complex with to teach shop some of the nice hit beauty cafes what's missing there are no people there really aren't it's completely deserted this is the overall policy which in Frankfurt we call will start the mildly. Forward similarity to Stalin and is in Eastern Germany and this in Europe this construction behind us is a problem but going up. Cross the street trains everywhere every single see House from the last 4 years when I moved into. Which was part heres ago there was nothing here I would have expected such a thing in China but here for just look straight down the road you can see the skyscrapers of commits bank and. Financial Service giants that have driven the growth in in Frankfurt There's reports almost every day at the moment of perhaps tens of thousands some people even say a 100000 bankers moving here from the u.k. To bricks and I get worried about jobs I don't know what influenced the BRICs a group half in Frankfurt but it will not be that hard so we should be calm about the BRICs and start banker pressure until we have to put on pressure onto the contusions true care for the people but already are here I don't want a situation like lumpy where in the city of London are only living 8000 people I want to protect the face of the city and to protect its inhabitants. And that was just reporting from Frankfurt that you're listening to business daily from the b.b.c. With a 100 Warka And now to the final cost on today's business daily menu and online food Air India has recently decided to offer only vegetarian food that's if you're travelling inside India in economy class Tunde and does that quite a lot and the airlines move has got him thinking. I was recently travelling on a flight within India being someone who likes to eat I was looking forward to seeing what food they would serve on it after carefully studying the menus vegetarian and non-vegetarian options I decided to try the chicken dish but just after the end has test gave me my chicken curry meal the. Passengers sat next to me a man in his early fifty's asked me a question are you going to eat that much or how to respond Don't worry I'm still you all food will be coming soon and if it doesn't well you can always share mine he did not smile instead after a long pause he said I don't think so I'm a strict vegetarian and then added I'm happy grateful if you could switch to a vegetarian menu as I do not like people eating meat around me suddenly I felt a loss of appetite and written my chicken he was happy but a few hours later my stomach was not what my fellow passenger must have been delighted to hear that Air India has now decided that it will only said vegetarian food on its internal flights in India that is if you are an economy in business class you are paying more so you can have what you want the company said it was part of its cost cutting measures and when you are $8000000000.00 in debt you have to do something but if the Indian politician Omar Abdullah pointed out ironically that move could restore Air India to health in about 5000 years time the decision comes as many states in India have banned the slaughter of camels an animal considered holy by this country's Hindu majority here in the city of call cut it with food is an obsession there India's move has caused a lot of debate it was the hot topic when I helped a friend celebrate his 50th birthday recently after a few large whiskies to celebrate his big day he said if you haven't heard of such a ridiculous idea if they wanted to save money why not stop all meals and do what most airlines they want short flight get passengers to buy them correct we'll Mamet but then another guest added her opinion is not that simple she said You see I'm a vegetarian and when I've travelled on Air India I've often been served the wrong mail it's annoying and means that I try and avoid flying with them on domestic flight and I might start again so she added They might lose some customers. But on the other hand they might gain a few like me and there's quite a lot of vegetarians here that started a heated debate which continued late into the night hopefully it won't be so heated on the domestic flight I'm about to catch it's not where they're India but just to make sure there are no problems I wonder if I can check if the person sitting next to me it's vegetarian or not but it b.b.c. World Service I'm right hold Tandon just about to enter Kolkata airport. And tomorrow on business daily we'll be examining whether a shift away from criminalising drugs will help those trying to kick the habit how using laughing gas or not to use its proper name is taking off in the Netherlands and a look back on Portugal's decision to decriminalize all drug use that's tomorrow join us then. B.b.c. Species show you. Hello and welcome to witness from the b.b.c. World Service history told by the people who were that I'm Lisa Benz and today we're going back to August 1992 when the hunt for asylum seekers was set on fire and the German city of Rostock in the country's biggest racist attack since the 2nd World War. Germany for the Germans to foreigners out with a war cries of the hundreds of right wingers that come from all over the country. Local police were almost overwhelmed as the right wingers charge the refugees hostile throwing petrol bombs and stones ya can Schmidt was a trainee journalist with a German t.v. Network that death he and his team had seen news reports of rioting in Rostock over the weekend and arrived in the city on the Monday the fire the guns caution that what you want isn't it was a very strange situation like we were expecting to see tension in writing but it was just the opposite there were parents pushing proms over the meadow it felt more like a festival than a pug roam but if you look more closely you'd see young men wearing bomber jackets with the flag of the 3rd Reich on the shoulder and it was a mood of waiting waiting for it to be evening and for something to happen tensions have been rising and rust UK for several weeks the city was home to the main center for asylum seekers and the former East German state of Mecklenburg for common and in the early 1990 s. Thousands of asylum seekers from the Balkans were coming to Germany particularly since he and Roma refugees the center was in a residential area and lived in Haagen in the north of the city one of a row of high rise apartment buildings with a colorful my sake on the side known as the zone and lumen house the some flower house but probably in one ward is the sense of a lot lower still a few but the problem was that the center was much too small and completely overloaded it just wasn't room for all the people who. Arriving so they were camping outside the building on the measure what was it and the German residents of the buildings around about thought it stank literally because the city of Rostock refused to bring in portable toilets a local newspaper published a letter from a reader promising to clean up the center on the weekend of the 22nd and 23rd of August and angry rough stockers were joined by right wing extremists from elsewhere in Germany that name a lot when one out of London let me put it this way when people notice that for weeks they hadn't been getting any reaction from politicians or from the wider public and then there were riots and suddenly this horde of journalists descends on Rostock of course as a Rostock and you'd feel vindicated by that after 2 nights of rioting the center for asylum seekers was evacuated but the crowd of near Nazis and local state and in the same block the building next door was home to a group of the enemy's contract workers that come to rust out years previously as part of an agreement between the Communist East German government and their Vietnamese allies it was a lot of. And we knew that the Vietnamese had not been evacuated because the our storage is thought no one's ever had a problem with them which was a mistake because this was an attack on all foreigners the Vietnamese were very upset because they'd been living in Rostock for many years and they felt like part of the community and then suddenly their home was being attacked by people they knew his neighbors your hunch met and his team went into the building on the afternoon of the 24th to interview the Vietnamese residents I think. If not when we went into the building it was still relatively quiet my colleagues went up to the upper stories to do interviews and I went down to the ground floor to talk to the caretaker who had a phone and I was meant to call the others a d.f. Camera team who were outside and say to them we'll get the shots from inside you get the shots from outside. And we can cut it together later and while I was on the phone the door was broken in and youths came in with baseball bats and they ran through the corridors chanting I ran up the stairs as fast as I could to my colleagues and then we started building barricades to block off the staircase so they couldn't get up to attackers until we realize that they'd set fire to the building they began gathering outside the largely abandoned hostel as soon as darkness fell once again they threw petrol bombs and stones and the police retaliated with border cannon and tear gas but later that evening the police pulled back and took the opportunity to storm the foreigners hospital where they started several fires done. Book on them we got really scared we knew they wouldn't be able to get up to was because a fire was blocking their way up to but we couldn't get out so we just kept going further and further up the building until we got to the 11th floor and then the want anymore stairs and that was a moment we finally all realized this was probably the end of us and what goes through your mind a moment like that in the moment think model of fighting in that moment you think 2 things 1st we were thinking about doing our job we didn't have a lot of battery left and we didn't have a lot of tape left and we were trying to work out how to get the footage out of the building but the other thing you think about is a people you love and that the time has come when you have to come to terms with the end of your life the camera crew was trapped in the stairwell with 120 Vietnamese people along with death from Rostock Council who was responsible for helping foreigners integrate into the city I happened to get my me but I think one of the Vietnamese men found a crowbar and broke down the door which led to the roof so then we were on the roof in the fresh air out of the poisonous smoke we were lying on our stomachs because if they'd seen from below that we were on the roof they might have tried to get up to us and then they would. Have been fighting on the roof and then there would certainly have been deaths and who've gone Richter who really did a remarkable job that night sent the women and children over the rooftops to an emergency exit and one of the blocks further down the building and tried to get German families to take the Vietnamese in hiding on the roof yeah and then the others had a prime view that the scene below g.t.s. Nothing confusion the police units had been protecting the building had been withdrawn and not replaced because. We could see that there were 3000 people in the meadow they were chanting Germany for the Germans foreigners out stupid things like that the police are gone and we could see the house was completely unguarded nobody could understand it it was a situation which just didn't fit in the country we'd grown up in eyewitnesses said it was like civil war as cars became barricades and were burned local residents were forced to color in their homes eventually they were able to get into one of the other buildings in the block but the other residents refused to let the men if a stance Cornelius before the game and Purple Heart The Clinger it was really bizarre imagine you're going through a stir the world and you ringing on doorbells and you can hear the t.v. Running and the commentator is saying a building in Rostock is on fire and you're in the building yourself and trying to get to safety and the doors stay locked out of fear because the people in the other buildings were just normal Rostock as Germans and they were scared of becoming victims of violence themselves they finally managed to escape from the building in the early hours of the morning the Vietnamese residents of the Sunflower house were taken to safety yeah I believe that. That night we went back to our hotel and we told the barman he couldn't go home and we celebrated our birthday as a team it was like we'd all been reborn then we went to bed for about an hour I don't think anyone slept and the next day we set off and did some more. Interviews and that evening we had a special feature on our program John Schmitt went on to write a book about the events 10 years later trying to find out who was responsible for that night. Not. The dramatic thing is that even now after 25 years no one can say who was responsible of course the main people who are responsible are the people who were throwing Molotov cocktails but also the 3000 roster because on the meadow who didn't do anything to stop the run and the people in politics who made it impossible for the police to operate properly and the city representatives were certainly to blame too for not doing anything to deescalate the situation it was like a pressure cooker the lids not on properly explodes and Schmidt is still working as a journalist he was talking to me for witness and for more of our history programs just b.b.c. World Service dot com slash Well yes. You meet some fascinating people on the world they wrote numbers on our hand and they even don't call you by your name they call you by the number so I was like 17 so yeah this is me this woman made her way to Germany after escaping from Syria so I decided not to speak any Arabic or any Kurdish So they were not suspect that I might be a refugee stories you remember on the world the world today at 2 pm a 91.5 k. Or c c Southern Colorado's n.p.r. Station.