Transcripts for KRCC 2 [BBC World Service] KRCC 2 [BBC World Service] 20190228 090000

Korean leader Kim Jong un has ended with no agreement on further moves to end the North's nuclear program a signing ceremony was canceled and talks cut short after the u.s. Refused North Korean demands for sanctions relief Mr Trump had this explanation basically they wanted the sanctions lifted in their entirety and we couldn't do that they were willing to do you know go largely portion of the areas that we wanted but we couldn't give up all of the sanctions for that so we continue to work and we'll see but we had to walk away from that particular suggestion we had to walk away from. Our correspondent Jonathan Head in Hanoi says the outcome does not reflect well on President Trump this is a setback and I suspect a serious misunderstanding between the North Korean and American side the loss of freely things that go on before these summits where senior officials hammer out what could be deliberate and yet President Trump says he was confronted by North Korean leader demanding that all the sanctions be lifted in return for any dismantling part of his nuclear weapons program no American administration Cup possibly sign up to that they didn't just walk away they cut the summit short by cancel the signing ceremony they canceled the joint lunch but it doesn't look good . The chairman of the u.s. Congressional committee questioning Donald transform a lawyer says that based on the testimony it appears the president has committed a crime Michael Cohen made various allegations against his former employer including that he'd broken campaign finance rules by paying off a woman who said she'd slept with Mr Trump the president responded by again accusing Mr Cohen of lying he called the investigation into his alleged connections was Russia during the presidential campaign a hoax the United States France and Britain have submitted a new proposal to the un Security Council to place the leader of a Pakistan based militant group must sued her on its list of designated terrorists his group said it was responsible for the attack in Kashmir 2 weeks ago which killed 40 Indian troops triggering the latest military confrontation between the 2 nuclear armed neighbors the b.b.c. Sent me to my SCA has the latest on the situation on the ground there has been no major military escalation overnight between India and Pakistan that has been increased shelling and mortar fire along the line of control which is now the defacto border between India and Pakistan as a stablished in Kashmir we understand that public services sunny on the Indian side schools hospitals and so on that are close that border have been shut down there is obviously a sense of tension and worry and concern amongst the populations on both sides of that line of control but so far no reports of casualties b.b.c. News Health officials in the Democratic Republic of Congo have confirmed that one police officer was killed when an Ebola Treatment Center was attacked on Wednesday night for Ebola patients are also missing after the incident which happened in the eastern city of pretend it was the 2nd such attack in a week a b.b.c. Correspondent says health workers have struggled to win the trust of local communities to tackle the outbreak. Rescue workers in Indonesia say they are in a race against time to bring survivors of a gold mine collapse in North Sulawesi to safety officials say 6 people are known to have been killed and at least 40 remain trapped 2 buried have again mostly has more it's now nearly 2 days since the unlicenced mine caved in in a remote part of northern soul away say dozens of people remain underground and rescuers are hampered by the steep terrain and muddy unstable ground they've been forced to use spades and even their bare hands to try to clear away the rubble the survivors are being carried away in makeshift stretchers one local official said cracks it appeared at the site of the accident raising fears of a further collapse a former Canadian government minister says she faced attempts at interference and veiled threats from top officials seeking a legal favor for a firm facing a corruption trial Jodi Wilson Raybold said she was pressed repeatedly to find a solution for the engineering giant s. And c. 11 and the prime minister just intruder has denied that he or his officials did anything untoward in the handling of the case. The 1st all British expedition to the Antarctic together meteorites has returned with the whole of 36 space rocks the 2 women team spent 4 weeks scouring the frozen continent for the rocks whose origins can be traced back to the formation of the solar system the specimens will now be analyzed in the u.k. And that's the latest world news from the b.b.c. . You are listening to the inquiry on the b.b.c. World Service with me. Each week one question for expert witnesses and an answer. This week I want to start by telling you the story from my own childhood I grew up in Iran in the 1980 s. During the 8 here Iran Iraq war a long and bloody conflict which saw the deaths of tens of thousands of child soldiers one of them was. He was 13 years old. It was spring and Iraqi tanks were heading towards Iranian troops with a grenade in his hand blew himself and a tank to smithereens his so-called martyrdom was glorified in school textbooks across Iran mine included his face adorned city murals suicide mission powerful political propaganda. Children are used as fighters across the world by states and extremist groups most notably in recent times the Taliban and the state where. Many of these children have survived. So this week we are talking to people who are grappling with the very pressing issue of. How best to deal with child fighters as conflicts and. We ask can radicalize kids recover. Park. A call to arms. We know that the children who were under ISIS rule all of them were exposed to violence and so they've been traumatized this is Professor me. Blum She's the author of Small Arms children and terrorism a book which looks at how children are recruited and used and terrorist organizations as part of her research she had the grim task of actually counting the number of I as child fighters known as cubs who were killed 457 children were advertised on the ISIS networks as having been martyrs for the cause. That's 457 children in a 4 year period between 2014 and 20. I as she says had a meticulous system in place for preparing children for acts of violence all the school children the boys notably would have been exposed to ISIS indoctrination textbooks basically made all forms of violence and killing a very normalised So for example when they were learning to tell time they would learn to tell time with clocks but the clocks were affixed to a bundle of dynamite. In the schools sometimes the children would practice beheading by beheading dolls. They had to watch beheadings either on video in school or attend them in ampitheater or they had them in public squares and they distributed the knifes to the adults who then beheaded prisoners. They would become desensitized over a period of time by the end of the process it was the child who was doing the execution. I as child fighters were used to teach it coolly and come back to and countries like Sierra Leone or Liberia they were place and separate fighting units but that's not what happened to as cups we will see the children mixed in with the adults in a unit of commandos called. I think that it had a shocking effect that if the children go in and the target sees children they may stop. Even if they have to take for a 2nd that sufficient time for the next part of the team to come in and have the advantage. Professor Mia Bloom says that was not the only way i use of children they appeared in almost all their propaganda videos and campaigns and served as powerful recruitment tools and other ways to you'd have an 8 year old holding a microphone addressing a crowd in a town square in order to convince the assembled people mostly adults to join ISIS because not every person under ISIS his role was a member of ISIS and Isis was very clever that by using children it really did guilt the adults like here's a child they would make the men feel less manly It goads them to participate so it was a fantastic way to manipulate the adults. This reminds me of how children were used during the Iran Iraq war Iran state run media which show children as young as 13 lining up to join the conflict. An image used to stir emotions and those desperate times. And there is another reason I recruited they got some of them were indoctrinated to survive it's about ensuring the next generation. Bloom says one of the major findings of her research is that the use of children in the Syrian conflict was not exclusive to I asked. Every single group including those groups that we consider to be the good guys groups that are getting financial and military support from Western countries from the u.k. From the United States used children on the front lines. Now that the conflict is coming to an and many countries around the world are having to think about how to deal radicalize and reintegrate all these children I do think that we're going to need programs to rehabilitate the children if it's unaddressed they're very vulnerable to other kinds of negative outcomes for example criminality or gangs or drugs some of the same skill sets that ISIS would have to train the children as cobs would be very useful for criminal gang children who have fought in conflicts or have been radicalized are robbed of the normal childhood but should they be treated as victims or as perpetrators What does it actually take to turn a child's fighter back into a child. Mind. 'd the 1st day or 2 it is nothing much that happened except books and believe me putting most of them just having a pair of shoes for cricket or football meant so much to them. As director and supervising psychologist at his center and Pakistan wish to radicalizes young Taliban fighters. In 2009 she was approached by a high ranking member of the Army he requested me to profile these boys that they had caught this had been disturbing me a lot young boys could be convinced to conduct acts which are just horrific. So I went with my colleague we were wondering what people going to see me. But when we saw these boys being realized that they were more scared of us than we were of them. To a very young between $8.16 so must do something for them to do would be able to chart a different trajectory. Power at the helm of the security forces at that time had similar ideas so literally 4 weeks later sub own was born. The sub own center is located in Pakistan Valley not far from the Afghanistan border it can house 250 children former Taliban fighters at a time most of them came from very large families they had siblings like 141516 and many of them to school dropouts Unfortunately our school dropout rate is too high but there are lots of students who loiter around not having much thought about what do you should do and most of them to Father's Will working abroad so they did not have an authority figure and responded very easily to the authority of the commander who did crew to them. One of them his family was bonded labor at a brick kiln factory and this young boy that came to us had some kind of neurological deficit he was caught at the border and was being sent somewhere to blow up a base I think and when he was caught he was so disappointed because he really thought he was actually going to have been a life of plenty. And. Quite a while to make him understand how important this life is. You know sometimes when there is such dire poverty and helplessness and desperation you believe anything you want to believe it and I don't know how I would be in that place. When the center opened the Swat Valley was under the rule of the army and a decision was made to allow boys to receive treatment without the threats of prosecution so unusually boys here are viewed as victims not perpetrators they receive daily sessions with social workers and psychologists during which they can explore the violence they have seen and done each boy also receives an education. Into his ability not according to his age so that the child can't pick up where he had left off then there are those who needed location training skills and then that is the critic to have religious education because they hardly knew Islam the program is tailored to the individual boys so the length of stay can bear hugely anywhere from 68 months to 5 years very high says the success rate is extremely high we monitor them very closely and we have pretty integrated 211 boys so far over the last decade only 2 of the boys have failed to reintegrate the vast majority are now living normal lives and their community. There was a reintegration ceremony it's a bone and one of them came. At me just came very close and said I bet you don't know who I am. And I did not recognize Mickey was looking smart and elegant. It has been. Such a reinforcing feeling to give dish children an opportunity to be children to know Dick you can change hearts and minds. I think this is the best system. Looks to be a success story and shows it is possible to do radical eyes children the approach here though is unusual there are very few centers like it anywhere in the world. But even with similar programs are available and effective They may not be enough. Part 3 a cold welcome. There is one girl who I've met a couple of times now she lives in sucky ruin eastern part of Congo her mother had been killed by armed men and her dad had died previously Sandra Olsen is a program manager with child soldiers enter national an organization working to end the recruitment of children conflicts around the world she started living with an aunt but it wasn't really working very well so the girl felt that she wanted to eventual mother's death and she went to one of these groups you know like this. There are over 40 such groups in Congo. For almost 3 decades the country has been ravaged by violent conflicts around who should control its vast natural mineral resources huge numbers of children have been pulled into the fighting with tragic consequences she was sexually abused she had to witness terrible acts of violence and she was able to escape she came. Back home but what greeted her was a decidedly cold welcome. Her aunt didn't want to take her in because she was afraid of what the community would think and this stigma was based on the fact that they had been with men and. This story is not at all unusual between 30 to 40 percent of child soldiers in Congo are girls and huge numbers of them are rejected by their families. This is a very specific stigma ling to goals that we've seen in a lot of conflicts such as Librarian the Syrian Leone and we see it in Nigeria with around for example now as well in many community members eyes they had lost their value one girl told me I'd rather die here in the on group than come home and be rejected by my family. And when rejected these girls may well go back to the one place they feel they can belong. We actually heard of a lot of girls who had returned to the on. The lesser evil. So preparing the communities to accept these girls as a vital part of the work Sandra also and and the local team on the ground do it's all about the dialogue. And by that she means getting people in the community involved and having conversations about what is required for them to welcome the girls return we had a meeting with traditional leaders in a very remote area surrounded by mountains it's on a high plateau it's really difficult to access. And at 1st they would say no they don't belong here anymore and then we asked them Well what if she had 3 cows because this is that Pistorius communities are cows is very important they said no not really we said what if you had 4 counts which is the dowry and then one of them said just maybe and then we said what if she had her school diploma and then everyone said oh in that case yeah that would change things that would help her regained her value in her community. Sandra Olsen and her colleagues help the girls get an education and academic qualifications she also says they need to be included in the dialogue that is why they talked to over $200.00 former girl soldiers about what they thought needed to be done in order for their communities to accept them they had some very clear suggestions talking to the priest which is obviously one of the most respected members of the community if he for example would ask one of these girls completely rejected on on the outside of community to collect Bibles after service something very simple but that has a great power in changing the minds of the other community members. And having these conversations should ideally start before they return home and then a welcome home message can be sent out either through community based radios which is something that's quite common or even relaying messages to hunters or other people who travel in the forests where often on groups are to basically say you can come home now we're here and we're waiting for you. To hear that message can have a very great impact on girls and sometimes they are able to escape and we've already heard some stories of girls who said I heard what you said and now I've come back. Being accepted and welcomed by a family community is the single most important factor in the emotional recovery of a child has been with an on group if that doesn't exist the child won't recover. In Congo mending the community is helping to mend the children but what if it is not clear who your community is or even worse what happens if your community or country refuses to accept you belong to it. Part for. No id. I visited a camp known as a hold count this is the camp where those being evacuated from the last ISIS pocket known as the battles pocket are being transferred to in the past few months I've also visited 2 other camps in northern Syria our final witness is now deemed Howdy He's the director of the terrorism and counterterrorism program for Human Rights Watch. They look like any other refugee camp tented you know a lot of mud when it rains but what is particular about these camps is the very high percentage of very young children I mean this is the most striking thing. Each woman usually has 3 or 4 children many of the children are very very young under the age of 6 and often there are babies a lot of babies present. People in these camps come from all over the world. The Syrian democratic forces who are allies of the West say they have no intention of prosecuting foreign I as fighters they want them sent back home currently many countries are procrastinating even refusing to take them back often citing security concerns which leaves a lot of children in detention camps and effectively in limbo a lot of them are not officially stateless in the sense that they would be entitled to a citizenship or nationality usually that of their parents but the fact that their parents were unable or unwilling to register their birth particularly if they were born in Syria or Iraq means that they don't have any form of identification so they don't have any citizenship right now that is recognised. But not seem Howry believe that problem could be sorted it is possible to determine the nationality of children and grant them citizenship when I was there last week there were 2 children whose mother is French the mother died and the father is German and he's in detention these are children who were born in Syria I found them in a cab because the grandmother had alerted me in France that they might be there. These children are French I mean they would be entitled to French citizenship except they're not registered anywhere now how can you prove that they are French the easiest today would be a d.n.a. Test from their grandmother for instance is it doable definitely it just requires a bit of political will. Why is it that there is this lack of political will and these different countries. You know obviously there's a lack of sympathy for the parents and that's understandable these are adults who in some cases travelled as teens to live under ISIS it's also I think the politics of fear. Many of these children have been described as time bombs now some of them may have been exposed to extreme ideas but the answer is not to abandon them. And he believes that should also be the case for children who have not only been radicalized but have taken part in fighting and committed acts of violence such as the I as Cubs actually visited many of them they are housed in a center called a lorry center in northeast Syria we know ISIS did use some of these children to commit some cases murders but again international law allows them to be sentenced but like any juvenile justice principle the aim of the punishment should be the reintegration of the show. A lack of citizenship learns that these children are also deprived of other rights such as an education and there may be something even bigger at stake too you need to belong somewhere it's an essential part of your identity. Just because these children may have the label of Isis I don't see why they need to be treated differently from child soldiers from Liberia Sudan or from the Yugoslav wars. He says these countries have taken responsibility for their own child. Soldiers who don't carry the stigma that I as child fighters do. And if we always held children responsible for the behavior of their parents what sort of society we would be building. So can radicalize children recover we've heard that the radicalization and recovery are possible and of course necessary. 'd if we don't attempt to reintegrate these children the cycle of violence will not be broken but we covering it won't happen overnight months more likely years of professional help and education might be needed for a child soldier to become a normal child again. It is also not the work of a single individual or group it's may require the whole community all of us to welcome these children back. That could make the biggest difference and is possibly the biggest challenge. This inquiry was presented by far and I'm produced by Rosamond Jones. Distribution of the b.b.c. World Service in the u.s. Is made possible by American Public Media producer and distributor of award winning public radio content a.p.m. American Public Media with support from online test prep for the a.c.t s 18 Jerry energy math that's designed to improve scores students can get video lessons practice questions and expert support online at www dot com. There was a 2000 to Kota I'm Sam Sanders reporter with n.p.r. It was a stand bronze town of color I loved it it was my father's truck so it has an image of value to me but it got pretty right by the and the shots were just horses so it felt like a horse and buggy every right to the end of its life imagine that truck becoming my favorite go to k. Or c c dot au r g for details. You're listening to the b.b.c. World Service with me at Butler where today we're looking at all gadgets cell phones the stuff of modern life much of which when it goes wrong is pretty hard to repair modern firms stand accused these days of secrecy making the job of fixing our stuff really difficult a scam to force us to spend more some say Business Daily investigates. B.b.c. News with Debbie us the summit between President Trump and the North Korean leader Kim Jong un has been cut short after the 2 men failed to reach agreement on further moves to end the North sneakily a program a signing ceremony was canceled after the u.s. Refused to North Korean demands for sanctions relief. The chairman of the u.s. Congressional committee questioning Donald Trump's formal lawyer says that based on the testimony it appears the president has committed a crime Michael Cohen allege that his former employer had broken campaign finance rules by paying off a woman who said she'd slept with Mr Trump the president responded by again accusing Mr Cohen of lying the Indian prime minister an arranger Modi has urged people in the country to stand like a war against what he called the enemy Mr Modi was making his 1st comments since Pakistan shot down an Indian fighter jet and captured its pilot on Wednesday near the disputed border of Kashmir that followed an Indian a strike against what Delhi said was a militant camp in Pakistan. Rescue workers in Indonesia a us struggling to rescue survivors of a collapsed gold mine in North slow way sea officials say 6 people unknown to have been killed and at least 40 remain trapped buried a large fire on Mount Kenya is threatening tens of thousands of hexes of bamboo forest which serves as a vital water catchment area for millions of people the file on the 2nd highest mountain in Africa started 6 days ago it's burning on 2 fronts and is being spread by high temperatures and strong winds. And the 1st old British expedition to the Antarctic to gather meteorites has returned with a hold of 36 space rocks the 2 women team from Manchester University and the British Antarctic Survey spent 4 weeks scouring the frozen continent for the rocks and that's the latest b.b.c. Nice. Hello there I'm Ed Butler and welcome to business daily from the b.b.c. Is it right companies effectively stop you from doing your own fix on gadgets even after you've bought them they have responsibility to make sure that product itself is safe during since high use they also have to guarantee the data security and cyber security of our product today we're looking at the right to repair the growing global campaign for a free and open market to fix the stuff we buy consumers should have the right to know how to fix all the things that in every product you buy should come with her. And it should say Hey you know here are the common failure points and when they fail we get Iraq that's all coming up on business daily from the b.b.c. . Here we have prepared happening that happens in Portsmouth every month and people bring their stuff to fix That's Clare seek the owner of a place called the repair cafe in Portsmouth in southern England a venue meant to encourage citizens to get their electrical items lost in longer than my granddaughter stated rather less. So we stayed home on the company tonight my mom's like that's been the focus here for men and speaks to someone brings in a zip or a bus and that's really 3 pad the challenges we really have around electronics there are some items that you even can't get into because it's a physically plastic sealed there's also tiny screws sometimes you know a little safe to screens which you literally can't take the item apart before you even try to fix it and it's criminal that you can buy a catalog one month what the next month we need to. Help people to have things that last longer the owner of the repair café in the u.k. And that sentiment is actually now beginning to spread worldwide more and more of the stuff we buy especially electrical goods has become extremely hard to fix when it goes wrong if it can be mended very often only authorized dealers carrying high spec parts licensed to the manufacturer are. No one's allowed to do the repair is that the way it should be it's a question we're asking today Should there be a universal right to repair for us consumers and if so who's going to force manufacturers to apply it gay Gordon Byrne is the executive director of something called the repair Association a u.s. Based consumer advocacy group is taking on some of the world's biggest companies all of those little gadgets and devices you buy everything from an Alexa you know a listening device to a Microsoft Surface Pro which is on repairable these companies are producing things that can't be fixed unless they themselves fix them why is this happening then do you think this is just been a steady creep of companies trying to basically close the shop on their own kid. That is a very good explanation if you did come out 10 years ago that you couldn't be able to repair your stuff the way we are today I don't think anyone would have accepted it the problem is we kind of crept at it incrementally things have just stopped you have 2 really big famous names that are kind of the poster child for this one of them is Apple and on the agricultural side John Deere is certainly a major opponent and they're doing the same thing to the farmers as Apple is doing to their consumers John Deere the makers of tractors on the whole right so they're trying to as a not machines the farmers can themselves repair or local mechanics correct every now and then these things are highly electronic they'll be a software bug and something will happen it'll say check engine Well the guy in the tractor can't just haul this thing over to the local mechanic and say What is it John Deere has to come to him and if you're hundreds of miles away in the middle of a harvest that's a huge delay even if the guy just races out there so it's terribly important that there be an immediacy of knowing how to manage the equipment and then of course since John Deere is the only operation that can come out and make those determinations they get to decide. How much you're going to charge so it can easily cost $1500.00 just to find out that you need to reset the c.p.u. $1500.00 just to reset your computer correct what the foam is do I mean in practice what do they do right now they're adamant that they get their right to repair the stalling point is that their organizations that represent them are not so good at advocating for this so we get calls from all over the world now from farmers but then we're not getting help from their trade associations so it's it's a crisis on the farm but it's not a crisis in the trade world why not why would the trade association be protecting John de. It's all about money really absolutely these organisations are stood up and supported financially by the manufacturers they're the ones that sponsor all the events they're the ones that don't a lot of money and they are literally being suborned to do their bidding presumably you've spoken to the likes of John Deere and Apple over the years what do they say . Now they won't talk to us they went toe to toe. Not at all. Wow Well they wouldn't talk to OSs either neither John did nor Apple despite repeated requests call wins is a professional repair and founder of I fix it a website that offers free advice to consumers seeking to mend their locked gadgets with a company like Apple it's a very clear strategy they want you to be on this treadmill of replacing your devices every 18 months they do things like taking the battery gluing the battery and so challenging to get the battery back out Apple uses special screws on the bottom of the I thought that aren't available in your typical hardware store specifically to make it yet add a barrier for you to get in and swap out the battery but the battery is a consumable it wears out so every 18 months you need to swap out your battery they're not very expensive we sell the batteries for about 25 euros for and I thought on at with a kitten all the screwdrivers that you need to swap out consumers should have the right to know how to fix all of their things I think every product you buy should come with a repair guide and it should say Hey you know here are the common failure points and when they fail we get you back but it's not as though the companies are denying you that right they're just not being very helpful it's interesting in the past I would say that you're right that they are proactively going out of the way to stop you but now as we have electronics moving in that more products there are things that they're doing that where they're pretty actually preventing you from repairing it so for example all the local repair shops are very good at fixing i Phone screens and batteries but there's one repair that they can't do if your home button breaks it requires a special tool that only Apple has that they won't make available to anybody else so we're seeing software starting to give companies tools where they can actually prevent you from doing those repairs so that's the case against Apple for want of a response from them directly I spoke to Yani headline and he's a lawyer at a firm in London called r.p.c. Which often represents manufacturers in this field I think a lot of it comes down to protecting their intellectual property and to protect consumers when it comes to illegitimate repairs by 3rd parties if we give essentially free for. Or all to repair anything that you own by anybody to any standard they're essentially going to devalue the IP that the companies own in their products when it comes to patented parts when it comes to the design of them what's the value in the patent we have to mandatorily provide spare parts to 3rd party repair service providers or consumers at a set price because the patents point is to give you value on the innovation that you might have spent millions if not billions of dollars on but is limited perhaps if the spare parts were still licensed to the company itself in other words didn't have to just hand over the license to anyone to make the batteries or the I don't know the widgets that go into their phones that those things could still be licensed to the company so it would still own those it would just be selling them a separate unit of course you'd still license them but the value in the license going to go down immensely so if you were to provide a broad amount of information on batteries on screens on anything imagine the wealth of information that somebody who would want to counterfeit these items would have at their disposal and I think depending on where you get your spare parts and pending how you repair things it will most likely affect the lifecycle of other parts that interact with that lawyer Yani airline and well let's talk about life cycles then campaign as well argue that offering a better right to repair will surely allow gadgets to last longer that is the point and without a clear toolkit where to find all the complex and often toxic chemicals that go into these gadgets disposing of them safely can be a big problem he's gay Gordon Brown of the repair association again it's very expensive for people to dismantle electronics so that they're properly processed our Solid Waste Systems are or even our recycling systems are not set up for the huge variety of products that now include digital parts and batteries so it's enormously expensive through out the lifecycle of the product to throw it away and that could be better recycling if we were all had I don't have better access to repair kits. Indeed one of the things that has to happen for recycling to be done safely is to know where these hazardous parts are and with thousands possibly hundreds of thousands of different products it shouldn't be a mystery but it is because manufacturers have proven unwilling to share even the diagram of where these things are. Going to go waste all of those bits eventual it ends up in places like this I bought blushing in Accra in Ghana secondhand phones computer tablets you name it many of them eventually find a home in Africa and when they're completely caput they end up right here in this gigantic dump to get stripped down for the precious metals they tame I visited this gigantic computer graveyard back in 2015. That's the side of the old casing of a computer here and there's the front of it and I mean there's a big pile it's tall of the Nyan in front of me of old computer casings 2 or 3 meters tall everything here has a value and everything can be of this aerated pulled out burnt in many cases just to get rid of the plastics in it that aren't of use and to pull out the metals which always it seems have some kind of resale value. Or you know I'm led Mercury asked Nick These are among the dozens of poisonous chemicals that these machines contain and the residue from them can seep into the air and soil around like bug cancer rates in the area around the dumbass had to beast guy Hi Collins of I fix it knows this region well and other parts of Africa where so much emergency repair is now a key to the continent's technological development if you look around it but bushy there is these incredibly diverse and vibrant repair markets where people are fixing and reselling electronics and the skill that those technicians have will surpass the skill. All of a technician in London for example so the products are distributed around the world we figure out how to distribute the know how and how to fix things as widely as the products are Was there a reference you made about a an incubator in attends a new and Children's Hospital Yes So there's this guy named Frank who runs this amazing website where he shares service manuals and when you plug say an infant think you'd be there and the power in the developing world the power isn't as good as it is and the u.s. There are kind of more fluctuations in voltage and you can the failures more frequently so Frank has been publishing serviceman's on how to say fix the power supply and then think he could be there and he is getting legal takedown though this is from a variety of medical device manufacturers and we do not want you to teaching people in Africa how to repair devices to keep babies alive and I think that's it's those legal threats that they're sending are the exact same sort of legal threats the Apple sends people to share service manuals for i Phones It's the same problem across the board. On your website you say repair is freedom bit over the top isn't it. I don't think so I think you have your things and you should know how to maintain them that's going to put your website out of business isn't it hey that would be fantastic I would love it if every manufacturer would put repair mission on their sets he didn't need if their party organization like I think to be reverse engineering all these products but until we have it we're going to keep publishing ads for everything we can get our hands on so what our governments are actually doing about all of this European Environment ministers are now considering a series of legal measures to force manufacturers to make goods that last longer and are easier to mend they affect lighting televisions and large home appliances at least 18 u.s. States are also considering similar laws but change remains slow and piecemeal Let's hear from the trade body that represents many of the consumer electronics firms affected by all of this Susanna Baker is the head of the environment and compliance program at Tech u.k. a Body which represents more $900.00 digital economy firms they have responsibility to make sure that product set is safe doing since high use they also have to guarantee the data security and cyber security of that product sure but I mean look there are lots of mobile phones out there smartphones in the world and not all manufacturers have the same constraints Apple are particularly brutal if you want to change your battery your or your screen they're going to taking away your rights and they if you go to an approved repair you can lose your warranty rights and so can't speak for anyone manufacturer I represent Broadchurch manufactures but in the u.k. We see a really thriving repair environment walk down any high street it in England and you will find a pair operators littering them certainly where I live I know you're going to I do see them too but not all of them are operating legitimately with the approval of the manufacturers and that's the issue isn't it yeah but we're also seeing manufacturers competing on repairs services as demand for repair. Comes more from the consumer they will respond to consumer demand after all so we have some members for example who can from the point of receipt and dispatch repair a product within 3 days other manufacturers who now are offering doorstep repair facilities and can repair that product in an hour others who are using io t. To remotely diagnose faults in products this is the internet of things yes absolutely so you can identify problems more quickly identify what's wrong more rapidly and send the appropriate part Wicca Ok I get it but surely there will be ordinary people listening to this and I think I include myself among them saying what's changed here in the olden days you had a electronic item it went on the blink you could go to a somebody who would go and fix it for you now you have to either go through an approved dealer and in some cases with some of these firms they're charging you what seems like through the nose when you could in the olden days get it done simply through anyone there was a proper free market is there not profit going on in the name of repair absolutely no this is a legitimate service and we are seeing why degree of innovation by manufacturers trying to bring down the cost of repair to their customers so what's changed while the product some more complex the number of parts that are involved in the product is more complex and the risk of fire is a particular scrutiny because a whole range of new legislative structures in place designed to protect people from the party operators who can't guarantee the safety of what they're providing to customers do you think the balance is right there for a legislation Well I think we recognise climate change becoming a bigger issue with concerns around rizzle security becoming higher that things have got to change we are preparing for actually the European Commission to introduce a lot more work in this area so for example where working on a suite of. That will help to define well how durable is a product how repairable is a part out what does that mean how do you measure it because then you can start to legislate against it to break look how where does liability sit if a product being repaired that because clearly if we're going to move to a mall Septra Khana may these sorts of issues really need to be ironed out Susana Baker of tech u.k. Well that's just about it for this edition of Business Daily As mentioned we do await more general legislative moves on all of this right to repair all the campaigners say it may just take one us state to introduce tough laws for everyone else to fall into line that's certainly the hope of Carl Williams of I fix it dot com He says it's up to all of us in this consumer age to think a little bit harder about how we regard the stuff we buy there's an element of fatalism in how we interact with our objects when you have a kettle and it burns out that doesn't work. And you figure maybe it's your own fault for mine the wrong one and I don't think we've been good institutionally and culturally putting the blame really on where it lies that kind of joy in fixing and becoming more attached and building these stories and the things that we have and I think I think that's how we're going to get back to a culture where our things are a shared part of our joy of existence rather than you know a constant source of kind of frustration. Below and now the b.b.c. World Service it's time for witness history I'm Ashley Byrne And today I'm taking you back to 1972 and a deadly hostage crisis in Japan between armed police and extreme left wing militants who call themselves the United Red Army the standoff at this Somme amounts enlarge their care as our left 2 people dead and gripped the nation for what you are a member missionary Cato has been sharing his memories of the summer sun so incidents. That already but it had a videotape of the 28th of February $972.00 the hostage crisis and siege which became known as a son a son so finally came to an end. Markets the money. We made holes in the rule put the gun barrels through and fired through the police offices we did this for 10 days 2 policemen to being killed storming the building and 23 others injured on previous days. People asked why we didn't just surrender and come out with their hands raised but we couldn't do that we were willing to die for this struggle Richard Henri Cato was one of 5 United Red Army members holed up at the sama sound so he was only 19 at the time. They were so many factors that led to the violence it's hard to understand them from the outside but now I deeply regretted. Missionary Kaito was born in 1952 in Korea city and grew up during Japan's rapid economic growth of the 1960 s. And seventy's so they show that it was a time when young people expected to become wealthy and successful at the same time there was a war in Vietnam and since Japan had built a military alliance with the United States knowledge bombers were forever taking off from the us military. Bases in our country don't we grew up in that environment that my father wanted me to attend a prestigious university and then find work at a good company joining the elite of society but I felt really uneasy about becoming part of this elite of such a society a missionary was not alone Major left wing student movements in Japan were calling for political changes and an end to the military alliance with the United States. For days on end. The mutual friends treaty with America in parliament an attempt to critically prevent ratification fail when the speaker was carried on a 5 for a call to order in a fashion that approved the British by 971 Micha Nori and 2 of his brothers joined the United Red Army a violent revolutionary group that wanted to turn Japan into a communist country. My older brother was already part of this armed organization at the time I was involved with similar groups to Nagoya it wasn't long before Michonne Oriya and his brothers were summoned to the United Red Army secret training camp in Japan's southern Alps. It started around June 1991 members of the group kept running away and every time they did we had to move the hide out somewhere else this was a huge effort stopping us from proceeding with our plans despite this members of the u.r.a. Were able to launch attacks on embassies bomb buildings hijack planes a massacre 26 people a lot airport in Tel Aviv leading to a major police manhunt which by the beginning of February 1982 was getting ever closer to the base on mounts around or fearing discovery leaders of the USA were now obsessed with stopping anymore dissolution comrades from escaping and began a process called so catsuit where everyone had to confirm loyalty and confess any doubts on the walk taking the. Anybody who revealed weakness or doubt was heavily interrogated by the other members and made to confess their weaknesses even more so the more honest they were the worse they were considered with the police closing in a mood of violence grew in the camp and eventually the so catsuit confessions lead to torture and even death to you they were treated with such violence but the calm rates who were subjected to the guns and all became used to it a kind of weird atmosphere was created where we eventually felt like we didn't have any options live or die but to execute them 12 members of the group were executed in all including Mitchell Norreys own brother. One it's hard to explain how I feel there's overwhelming sorrow a deep regret that what's done can't be undone 2 more you are a member successfully escaped and the rest abandon the mountain base within a few days most had been caught by the police but Micha Nori and 4 others evaded capture and on the 19th of February 1902 they stumbled upon a holiday home amounts Asama more than once we ran up a steep road and found to not use and the car almost of the mountain top of the car was parked in the logs called Osama sensor nobody but the caretakers wife was there at that time the unfortunate woman was 31 year old you Sukkot Muhtar missionary on the 4 others thought about stealing the car but with the police not far behind they took it Sukkot hostage and barricaded themselves inside the launch. When he recalls the large was built on a slope we could see the underlying road from a balcony so we kept watch over it and shot at the police as they approach. To the Japanese media flocked to the scene images of the hostages Sukkot me. Filled t.v. And newspaper reports and the whole country became fixated. On the one that it was clear that we were surrounded and it was only a matter of time before we would lose but being confronted by the police like this was no reason to stop the goal of the United Red Army was to wage war we had no tomorrow after 10 days the police decided to launch an all out assault they began by using a wrecking ball to break into the building. Up at about. Unintentionally when. I was shocked when it happened and when they are on board hit the wall I thought the building was about to collapse police then advance through the large sum of the u.r.a. Members shot at them and 2 officers were killed so you are in accidents I felt quite pathetic killing police officers now was pointless I was very hesitant to fire at them when the end finally came Michonne Henri was hiding in the bedroom at the back of the House who are Chinese sure done I no longer had a gun the police directed water hoses at this so the building was drenched and the water was up to our knees it was minus 10 degrees to tell the truth I was glad it was over whether I survived or not I was glad it was over before summer sun so there was a good deal of public sympathy if not support for radical leftist groups like mature Norris but when the stories of the so cat Super just came out people were horrified and it caused a huge shift in Japanese politics. The actions of the United Red Army created a climate where any activity opposing the government was now seen as evil I think that was our biggest missed. Sake I think 1972 was a historic turning point Ok now it was returned to Japan Nixon visited China and Japan hurried to establish good diplomatic relations with them too so 972 was the year when the current political structure was built following his arrest Richard Henri was in prison for 15 years looking back now he says that he would have liked things to be different but those. Were war I'm probably an idealist or remand to Sr as I think that a communist society would still be great if it was achievable Sadly it's impossible so I would never again want to engage in the violence that I did in the past you know. Missionary Cato ending this edition of witness history with me actually burn it was a made in Manchester production for the b.b.c. World Service You're listening to the b.b.c. World news on k. Or c c 2 Southern Colorado's n.p.r. Station broadcasts on 91.5 f.m. From our studios in Colorado Springs Colorado you can also hear cares you see in the following communities 88.5 f.m. In West Cliff and Gardner 89 point one f.m. In La Hunter 89.9 f.m. In Lyman 90 point one f.m. In Manitou Springs 91.7 f.m. In Trinidad and Raton New Mexico 94 point one f.m. In Walsenburg unlove Fida 95.5 f.m. In Lake George and Hartsell 95.7 f.m. In saliva universe to end Villa Grove and 105.7 f.m. In Canyon City for questions or comments please call 719-473-4801 during regular business hours you can always become a member of k. Or c c by going to k. Or c c dot au r.g.p. And making your financial contributions safely on line. 10 am in London 5 am in Washington 1 pm in Nairobi this is Dan Damon at the b.b.c. . The long awaited Trump cam summit and without agreement basically they wanted the sanctions lifted in their entirety if they were willing to Deano go a large portion of the areas that we wanted but we couldn't to give up all of the sanctions for the what some Afghans think about women's rights groups demanding freedom before any settlement with the Taliban if water continues like this and their freedoms are undermined anyway but if this bloodshed ends then we can have a civil society with all its rights and semi identical twin same mother same eggs same father 2 different sperm discovered for only the 2nd time we'll speak to one of the doctors dealing with that in Australia after the news. And I'm ws.

Related Keywords

Radio Program ,Bbc World Service ,Irregular Military ,Business Terms ,Legal Documents ,Types Of Organization ,Human Rights Watch ,Ceremonies ,Armies ,Engineering Vehicles ,Services Management And Marketing ,Police Ranks ,Dos X ,Apple Inc Software ,Mechanics Trade ,Cycling ,Legal Terms ,Finance ,Walls ,Experimental Rock Groups ,Radio Krcc 2 ,Stream Only ,Radio ,Radioprograms ,