And the Madrid codices Where had they been all those years Leonardo Da Vinci's Apprentice Francesca Milton inherited most of his work and manuscripts but when Metsi died 50 years after Leonardo in 5070 estate was broken up a much of it was taken to Spain including the Madrid codices which lay hidden the years in the National Library. The story is very complicated but for what I know they were finally discovered by Professor pings in 65 with of wrong inventor in number and so he was very lucky in the his and he was a responsible of the official discovery of the manuscript even if already 20 years before and other Italian professor found this to a man whose creates a bubble without understanding their importance and eventually this discovery was made public and you one of the few people to have held the originals they're written in Tuscon using Leonardo's famous writing and the drawings done in ritual Yes yes how that felt is the same feeling I had the other times when. Originals in my hands the most exciting things I remember is to have not directly on my fingers but as you say in English clubs exactly because after one hour. Studying they originally. Become read the opening the books some a spray of red shawl is on the hair so because also the 2nd of the manuscript the in my breed the red child drawings of landscapes and so this is forgettable So I still have my grove of the visit here that was laying out. But Professor Pietro Morani. Whose company has designed robotic technology for among others NASA and the American armed forces is the author of the book Leonardo. Reporting lots also today tomorrow meet the South Sudanese refugee who fled war with an ultrasound machine on his head he'll tell us he was inspired to help others by his mother's death in childbirth when he was a little boy his story tomorrow join us if you are listening to the B.B.C. World News on K Or C C to Southern Colorado's N.P.R. Station broadcast son 91.5 F.M. From our studios in Colorado Springs Colorado you can also hear cares you see in the following communities 88.5 F.M. In West Cliff and Gardner 89 point one F.M. In LA Hunter 89.9 F.M. In Lyman 90 point one F.M. In Manitou Springs 91.7 F.M. In Trinidad and Raton New Mexico 94 point one F.M. In Walsenburg unlove EDA 95.5 F.M. In Lake George and Hertz all 95.7 F.M. In saliva universe to end Villa Grove and 105.7 F.M. In Canyon City for questions or comments please call 719-473-4801 during regular business hours you can always become a member of K. Or C.C. By going to K. Or c c dot au or G.E. And making your financial contributions safely on line. B.B.C. World Service it starting now is G.M.T. This is all of a Conway with a newsroom in the past few moments the sovereign President Jacob Zuma has said he will not bow to pressure to resign there's nothing I've done wrong this is policy. What is the problem I don't understand anticorruption police raided the home of his powerful allies the Gupta's We'll have the latest live from South Africa also in the NEWSROOM I think that the prime minister should quit if this condition of the bodies. Should be a place he's facing possible corruption charges but the Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu insists his government is stable and later. Than that. The so-called paramedic ants who save their injured come rates 1st our top stories Hello I'm Gerri Smith with the B.B.C. News South Africa's President Jacob Zuma has described efforts by his own party to force him to resign as unfair in a rambling television broadcast Mr Zuma appeared to defy and ultimatum to step down by the end of today the party says that if Mr Zuma fails to step down voluntarily he will be forced from office by a vote of no confidence on Thursday President Zuma said he didn't understand why the A.N.C. Was so focused on the issue even of what is Harry what are you writing for and then in the process of the discussion it was clear that people are saying the woman must go my problem was that it's not a new thing it has been said then tire year including people are saying this 101 there are things they themselves never provided there isn't. Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has insisted his coalition government is stable and he has no plans to call an early election a day after police recommended that he be indicted for bribery opposition M.P.'s have called for him to resign is James Reynolds Israel's leader says that the corruption allegations against him won't make him step down to prove his point he's tried to go about his normal day's work the Israeli prime minister continued his public criticism of the investigation into his actions he said that the case put forward by the police was like Swiss cheese full of holes and that the truth would come out the decision as to whether or not to indict Mr Netanyahu now rests with the country's attorney general Mandel plate the United Nations says that the 1st aid convoy for 3 months has entered a besieged rebel held enclave in Syria on the outskirts of Damascus the U.N. Said the convoy crossed into East Ghouta with food and health supplies for $7000.00 people the United States and Iran have each demanded that the other end their military presence in Syria as the conflict threatens to enter a new phase at a news conference in Jordan the U.S. Secretary of state breaks Tellus and said a recent confrontation with Israel only confirmed that Iran needed to withdraw but we are quite concerned about the recent incident involving Israel Israel and Iranian assets inside of Syria and I think this again illustrates why Iran's presence in Syria is only destabilizing to the region we think Iran managed to withdraw its military its militia from Syria and allow hope for peace process to take hold in Geneva Iran swiftly responded with a top aide to the Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei saying that Iran's military presence was legitimate news from the B.B.C. . The economy of the 19 countries using YOUR of single currency grew by 2.5 percent last year according to official estimates is the fastest growth rate in the eurozone since a 3 percent rise in 2007 the President of the European Commission junkfood younker has dismissed suggestions that he personally favors the creation of a European superstate he was speaking in response to a question about a speech by Britain's from Minister Boris Johnson Mr Young Person some people within what he called British political society were against the truth and falsely accused him of being a stupid stubborn federalist reports from Libya say a truck carrying hundreds of migrants has crashed killing at least 23 people a local hospital said that around 100 people were also injured most of those on board were Eritrean and Somali nationals mountaineers have been paying tribute to Lama geisha a Buddhist monk who blessed many of them as they prepared to climb Everest he was $87.00 he came to Nepal from Tibet about 60 years ago Tara Johanna reports a trip up Mount Everest and indeed many other peaks appears to have been impossible for many shippers without the blessings of Lama gay she the Buddhist monk lived in the tiny village of Pan bocce which lies the just under 4000 meters in the Himalayas and Paul it wasn't just shippers he placed the mountaineer and polar explorer Allison living tweeted that she was lucky to have been blessed by Lama gay she twice and fact it for the good karma the filmmaker and mountaineer Peter Athens paid tribute to his unrestrained compassion care instruction and love poor weather has caused further disruption to outdoor events at the Winter Olympics and killing Chang in South Korea the organizers were forced to postpone the women slalom and individual biathlon until Thursday because of high wins B.B.C. News. Thanks very much Jerry listening to the news room from the B.B.C. World Service with all of a Conway for much of the past hour the South African president has been speaking live on television defending his decision not to resign Jacob Zuma who faces corruption allegations has been on the pressure to go since they're all run opposer took over as A.N.C. Leader in December but in his lengthy and rambling interview with the state broadcaster S. A.B.C. Mr Zuma insisted he had done nothing wrong and was being victimized He also said a compromise deal on his future was well within reach there are those that are must resign now and there are those who don't think I need to resign now instead of dealing with those kind of issues I think we should have something in the middle that we should agree on that I should agree to resign but let us work out a timeframe we announce that the members of the inside the public parliament even the opposition will know I'm not refusing to resign is the question of the time frames that now we work on a few hours ago Mr who was given a deadline of today to quit voluntarily or face a no confidence vote in parliament police have also raided the home of his rich and powerful allies the Gupta's Let's talk to Andrew Harding in Johannesburg for us Andrew fast moving events what do you make of of that rambling interview. Well it was extraordinary very detail very comprehensive and the tone indignant wounded better as he said himself he feels he's being victimized clearly by a faction in the A.N.C. That he sees on a political mission to get rid of him despite the fact that he says he's committed no crimes and that he says this is against the spirit of the sea that he's essentially being railroaded out when he'd offered what he saw as a perfectly legitimate compromise wait say look I will step down just give me until June July so that I can oversee a more nuanced more stable process of transition to Cyril Ramaphosa Instead he said he's being elbowed out and he's clearly very very angry about it he did say he would give a statement later during that interview but on the face of it it looks like he's he's staying on and will face that no confidence vote in parliament tomorrow. I'm not so sure you can read the speech in 2 ways I guess one is one of defiance This is a man explaining exactly why as he said I do not want to comply with the decisions decision I feel is completely wrong on the other hand he did say several times that he was not defined as he kept pleading that saying look I'm I'm disagreeing but I'm not defying and you could see that as a precursor to a resignation speech later this afternoon having set out his case having explained to the nation to his allies in the end see I'm being treated unfairly then he can go and do the magnanimous thing the step down at the same time the A.N.C. Has been desperate to to get rid of him to try to save the party from Division this interview's not money to help. It's not going to help certainly you know this is one that is going to linger in the mornings particularly when you remember how factional the A.N.C. Is how bitterly opposed to so Rahm opposer plenty of officials still are you know this is going to echo through the ages of the sea to future elections future fights of the patronage and power but yes the parliament tomorrow moving now pretty quickly it seems to prepare a motion of no confidence it's cut some sort of deal with the opposition and so that will sail through very quickly tomorrow unless as I still think is perfectly reasonably likely President Zuma does go on T.V. Like this afternoon and does resign and at the same time the police have taken action against his allies the good news how significant is that in all of this. It's part of a longer process that we've seen building up it's about the change of power here that is happening that is Zuma likes it or not since December sense so around opposer busy and his faction took control of the A.N.C. We've seen the National Prosecuting Authority which many people believe is become severely political compromise we've seen in those prosecute is starting to wake up to investigate these allegations of corruption links to people close to President Zuma and so that has been building there for a while whether today was a cynical course designed to encourage Mr Zuma to step down or will likely either a coincidence or a sign that prosecutors are they are on the move and are keen to impress how much work they're doing with the new regime it's hard to be sure Andrew many thanks indeed Andrew Harding there live from Johannesburg with that analysis that Jacob Zuma could yet make a resignation speech later today despite that long defense of his position given in an interview in South Africa. Some other news now and the Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Jim Benjamin Netanyahu is also facing calls to step down after police recommended his prosecution on charges of bribery fraud and breach of trust in Tel Aviv these people gave their views on the case I think that the prime minister should quit if this condition of the bodies and it should be replaced at least until the whole thing would be clear. I think it's a right decision about the suspicion around the mitten you know it's time to clarify it's a lot of suspicion it's quite important for the country so it's time to clarify to Iran. If from the time you do a crime is a minute and come forth and be honest if you didn't in the hands of an eye and then it shouldn't be worth while for his part Mr Netanyahu has said the case against him will come to nothing. After reading the police's recommendations report I can see that it is a biased extreme document full of holes like a Swiss cheese it doesn't hold water and I want to 1st of all reassure you the coalition is stable no one. Any one else has plans to go to an election we will continue to work with you for the good of Israel citizens until the end of our term . So fuck I don't know what James Reynolds has in Jerusalem for us and he set out the main allegations facing Mr Netanyahu there are 2 separate cases each revolves around allegations of bribery the 1st gifts for favors the police allege that Mr Netanyahu received lavish gifts over a number of years and in exchange tried to get special treatment for those wealthy benefactors the 2nd case involves alleged manipulation of the media the police believe that Mr Netanyahu tried to do a deal with one newspaper for favorable coverage in exchange for CO tailing a rival newspaper so the police have made those recommendations it's now up to the attorney general How independent is that post. Like all attorneys general around the world it's fascinating because the person who is who becomes an attorney general is usually an ally of the leader who appointed them and then they have to get rid of their lines and become an independent figure it is such the case in Israel as well I mean in the Blitz was an ally of friend Binyamin Netanyahu for a number of years he was the cabinet sector in 2013 he is now the attorney general of course a lot of Israelis are asking whether or not a person can really ditch their political alliances. In such a post we're about to find out and how will this affect politics in the next few weeks and months. There will be a cloud hanging over politics but I think the fascinating thing to remember is this in recent history most Israeli prime ministers have been investigated on allegations of corruption in other words Israelis are really used to seeing their prime minister carry on working whilst there are serious allegations against that Prime Minister sometimes it ends a cropper would omit had to resign because of those corruption allegations and so but Mr but the Israeli public is pretty familiar with this James Reynolds in Jerusalem this is the news room from the B.B.C. World Service Still to come. Right. With God. Oh my. Goodness. Social media in Thailand give their verdict on the Prime Minister's love song for Valentine's Day 1st I had lines from Jerry South Africa's governing A.N.C. Says it will vote President Jacob Zuma out of office on Thursday if he does not agree to step down Mr Zuma says the effort to oust him is very unfair the Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has insisted his government is stable and the police corruption case against him is full of holes. And a Buddhist monk whose blessing was considered essential for climbers ascending Mount Everest has died in Nepal at the age of $87.00 at least $100000000000.00 is the figure that Iraq's prime minister Hyder body has estimated that Iraq needs for reconstruction so after a 3 day donors meeting in Kuwait How much did they manage to get Let's talk to our Arab affairs editor Sebastian Asher how much has been pledged Well the meeting isn't quite finished yet and more and more pledges are coming in but around $25000000000.00 worth so far but these are pledges which one the history often of such. Efforts to rebuild countries after major disasters or in Iraq's case this 3 year battle against the Islamic state group which the Prime Minster Hyderabadi announced final victory in a couple of months ago those pages don't necessarily end up with the money being given plus most of the pages are in the terms of loans credit so it's not in general the money being given just flat out to Iraq so there are problems but it is a much needed injection of cash into a country that's desperate How desperate is it what what's what's needed what are the areas that need to be fixed Well remember this is just the past 3 years I mean you look at the pictures of come out of Mosul that have come out of the places where. It was was holding out and you see terrible destruction but the history of Iraq's problems go back obviously a lot further than that but has been. Worsened by the corruption that is so endemic in Iraq which Prime Minister again Mr Body has said that his next target is to root out corruption because I mean Iraqis and the outside world were nesses weren't necessarily believe that this money would go to the areas but it needed for example the prime minister said that at least $125.00 houses that were. Needs to be rebuilt in less that corruption is rooted up that's a very big challenge. And of course the key thing is to try and stop the roots of what creativity how does I'm in 1st place reviving which is a sense of people in those areas that they have nothing that they receive from the government and nothing to bring them back to the destroyed cities and towns so thank you. It is Valentine's Day today and it says here that romance is in the air cards chocolates and flowers are the traditional thing but in the case of Thailand's prime minister it's a love song to the nation that's called for here's our Asia Pacific editor Celia has been. Listening to the sounds of diamond heart with lyrics by Thailand's leader pray you to Jannah cha and vocals by a loyal Thai army officer. On the right with God and. We've been on my way some. Good I'm alone brag I need some new school to the end. How many years have we gone through together there are always new problems the song goes you are the inspiration that makes me fight for you did you know your smile is my happiness many in Thailand don't seem to be smiling a You Tube version of the song has $900.00 and more than $22000.00 thumbs down the comment section has been disabled the song was ripped apart on Twitter people with true diamond hearts would not lie day after day and seize power from a woman One user wrote referencing Thailand's elected leader you look Shinawatra who was ousted by general prayer to a coup in 2014 many in Thailand are calling for new elec tronic music from their leader but new elections they've been promised were to meet demand. Syria reporting NATO defense ministers are meeting in Brussels to discuss military budgets with the U.S. Defense Secretary James Mattis expected to urge members to increase their spending but a growing tensions between the U.S. And Turkey over the conflict in Syria will also be on the agenda Mr Mattis is likely to have talks with his Turkish counterpart on the sidelines of the summit our diplomatic and defense correspondent Jonathan Marcus. Told me why relations are so strained or are they going to try and defuse the tensions as far as possible it's a bit of a standoff really are essentially the problem is that the Turkish army which has moved further into Syria wants to push back the Kurdish forces it's struggling a little in its campaign there but it certainly wants to remove and push back Kurdish forces who are in a town called Bridge which is close to where the Kurdish forces American allies are also located the Americans see this is a total distraction from the ongoing battle against the Islamic State and of course the Turks have been very bellicose in their threats with the American military in man Bijan system it is not moving so there is at the very least the potential for an armed conflict between forces from 2 NATO countries that is clearly a very unappealing prospect it's a clear Lee Mr matters and his Turkish counterpart will be trying one assumes to try and diffuse the situation but it's hard to see given the position of the Ankara government how things can really really be changed and while we're talking about the the complicated situation in Syria what do you make of those are deaths of Russian paramilitaries in a U.S. Airstrike and apparent denials from from both Washington and Moscow. Well it's hard to say I mean on the one hand you have reports from Russia from the families of some of the individuals concerned so one must assume that indeed the Russians were killed remember these were airstrikes and artillery strikes by the Americans in the face of coming regime some stated allied forces of the Syrian government heading for positions where the Americans were located there is certainly been a track record of independent in inverted commas Russian military companies being involved on the ground in Syria what's not clear is precisely what the relationship is between those inverted commas independent military organizations and the Russian command the Russian government who obviously also has forces on the ground in Syria in some cases doing very similar missions you know training assisting advising Syrian protein forces so it is a bit of a quandary it's a very murky area and as yet it's not possible really to say with any certainty precisely under whose. Whose responsibility Russians if there were indeed Russians there were operating Jonathan Marcus Prince Henrik of Denmark husband of Queen and MODERATOR The 2nd has died at the 83 year old was transferred from hospital to spend his final days at his home of freedom's ball Castle net Copenhagen the Danish royal house of the prince died peacefully in his sleep with the queen and then 2 sons at his side the controversial French born prince had recently developed a lung infection between a villa man who has authored several books on Denmark's royal family told me how the Danes regarded Prince Henrik the queen's husband had a very mixed a relationship with the Danes I think it's fair to say there were those who are lucky IMO there were those who had a more you are fair allies it is also fair to say that at times he made life difficult for himself by pressing on with issues on matters that the Danes saw as. Relevant for instance the issue of the his title 3 years actually ever since his wife became the queen of Denmark Prince Henry was trying to change his own title he saw there was inequality in his status and that he should be king and that he should be his majesty because he is the way he saw it it was unfair that Francis went to Crown Prince Frederick one day becomes king of Denmark his wife Crown Princess Mary will become her majesty Queen Mary Unfortunately the Danes Constitution and the laws that rule today is monarchy have not to do not allow the same to happen for a male spouse to a Danish queen so it was not possible for the dame screen to grant him his wish nevertheless Prince Henrik pressed on with the matter many many times in public and many times and to to a point where it became quite humiliating for his wife so that was one of the issues where the dames sometimes thought that he was. Most French than Dane is actually that to his Galle temper sometimes got the better of him and indeed he felt so strongly about it that he asked not to be buried next to his wife that is correct the Prince Henrik last year told a dame is public that he did not wish to be a parent makes his wife because he did not see them as equals and seem to have not been allowed to become equal with his wife he did not want to share his resting place with his wife so at the moment the Danes simply don't know where he's going to be buried because he has stated very publicly that he just thought want to be fair it was his wife Danish author Trina then and now with a quick look at what else has been happening in the world today his Gerry India's 2nd largest state run bank says it is uncovered fraud worth nearly one point. $8000000000.00 searches branch in Mumbai Punjab National Bank said there were an authorised transactions for the benefit of a select few account holders and that as a result money had been loaned to those customers by other banks abroad shares in P.N. Be plunged on the news the bank has already suspended 10 employees in a separate money laundering case a Kim Jong un lookalike got into trouble at the Winter Olympics in Pyongyang churning wearing a thick framed glasses and dressed all in black became impersonators sparked anger by dancing in front of North Korea's cheerleading team at the ice hockey game between Japan and the joint Korean side he was tackled by 3 security officials and frog marched into a room by police. 2 Russian athletes have married in a ceremony that they hope lifts the spirits of those inversions sport freestyle skier semi on the den she cough is one of the 169 Russians cleared by the International Olympic Committee to compete in Pyongyang as neutrals However his bride skeleton racer or go pro to lead singer was not despite the Anti Doping sanctions against her being overturned in court the groom said it would be a very difficult Olympics for all Russian athletes involved when a human gets a serious injury we tend to call an ambulance with paramedics for help it turns out that African matter Billy and look after each other in a similar way when attacking termite colonies for food many amps get life threatening bites of them losing a limb or to death follow ants carry them back to the nest and lick their wounds vastly increasing their chances of survival as I heard from Dr Eric Frank of the University of Luzon So in 2017 with Earth describe how that were injured in battle against the termites were picked up and carried back to the nest fading them from predators and allowing them to recover from their injuries and participate in future fights in this new Thirdly we know look inside the nest what was going on with the. Law You know one of whom will have termites clinging to them inside the nest but we observe that other Nothing makes other go toward the wall and lick the ruined to clean the wound. With increased. Significantly so this is once they've been taken back to the nest by their fellow ants. Who. Earth to get rescued from the battlefield and that then the math and in fact the nothing that would preclude any set a significant increase in survival rates it's huge. Yes there without a treatment roughly 80 percent of them would die more likely due to an infection of the womb and with the treatment it's only 10 percent that probably even if incomplete natural conditions and this is so that they can work carrying out the raids on the termite without fear all to rebuild the community for future battles so you're with isn't a factor in and in that sense. It's a very simple equation you could. Have every low birth rate of only $10.00 to $12.00 and they and already $10.00 to $24.00 for some kind of insulin in each day so if they wouldn't actually be able to recover this into the whole lifestyle of the hunting term and whatnot and by her book and within that in fact then the 3 are able to recover completely from the interim they learn to walk with 2 or 5 legs instead of 6 and participate again in future 5 franc of the University of Lowe's just time for some breaking news from the U.S. Police are investigating a shooting outside Fort Meade in Maryland headquarters of the National Security Agency local media said 3 people were shot and wounded and one person is in custody and that's it for now from the NEWSROOM. Distribution of the B.B.C. World Service in the US is made possible by American Public Media producer and distributor of award winning public radio content with support from Progressive Insurance protecting commercial vehicles and offering specialized coverage is designed to protect your business more at progressive commercial dot com. You know I drive junky car Hello this is Nina Totenberg when my husband and I were courting he was really scandalized by my very old 6 to 6 and when we were invited to a state dinner at the White House he said that I should rent a fancier car I refuse. To think that I could turn that car into my favorite programs go to K R C C dot award cheaper details. You're listening to the B.B.C. World Service with me Ed Butler where today it's all about bikes to some they may seem like yesterday's transport but the new craze but bicycle sharing services across China seems to be gaining a global market these days can it really transform urban travel as we know it and all Western firms ready to let the Chinese lead the way saddle up its business in a couple of minutes. B.B.C. News with Jerry Smith President Zuma of South Africa has criticised efforts to remove him from office is very unfair speaking on television Mr. To step down today saying he didn't understand why the A.N.C. Was so focused on the issue but he did add that he would make the statement later in the day his party says he'll be voted out tomorrow if he doesn't quit. The Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has called a corruption investigation against him biased and full of holes the police say they have evidence of bribery fraud and breach of trust Mr Netanyahu denies the allegations the 1st aid convoy for 3 months has entered a rebel held enclave in Syria on their outskirts of Damascus the United Nations said the convoy crossed into East Ghouta with food and health supplies for 7000 people it's estimated some 400000 people remain in the district which has been under siege since 2013 the United States and Iran have each demanded that the other end their military activity in Syria the U.S. Secretary of state said Iran's presence there serves only to destabilize the region Tehran said it was legitimately in Syria at the invitation of the government reports from Libya say a truck carrying hundreds of migrants has crashed killing at least 23 people a local hospital said around $100.00 people were also injured. Some news just in police in the United States say they're investigating a shooting outside Fort Meade in Maryland the campus of the National Security Agency U.S. Medio showed images of what appeared to be police surrounding a man on the ground in handcuffs and those are the latest stories from B.B.C. News. Hello I'm Ed Butler and welcome to business daily from the B.B.C. Today bikes 3 Jews even umbrellas all the stuff the Chinese love to share for a lot of them by users it's usually very inconvenient when you call indorse you have to put it in your bag or you have to hold in your hands and sell shared Umbrello which software problem yesterday were examining the new sharing economy and how the Chinese model of bike sharing could be sparking a worldwide contest for bombs on saddles cycling is going to really revolutionize how we move around their cities healthy competition is great on healthy competition is wrong and we're very aware of what's happened in China the bike is back on business daily from the B.B.C. . The sharing economy gets talked about an awful lot in the West these days doesn't it but mostly in terms of taxi services ride sharing how sharing like on a thing what about the more basic types of transport China is leading the world these days in all kinds of simple sharing technologies above all in the realm of bicycles as I discovered on a recent visit to the streets of Shanghai. So that's the sound you hear quite often around chain high these days I'm just stepped out onto the street in the French Quarter of Shanghai and I'm here with my fixer what we're about to do is climb on one of the many Easy Share bicycles that you can obtain in the city there are several companies on the air there are more than 5 or 6 companies and they all have different colors to represent them like all range green. It's easy to recognize a sharing bike on the street when you see the color of the 4 we have sharing bikes you have to own a bike but now you can just a bike on the streets all you need is just an app and then you can just use whichever bike you see on the street to right. So this is me whizzing down the street I'm sitting on the N O F O bike this is one of the several brands you can rent in this country it's cost me just a few pennies. And it certainly save me money and time rather than catching a taxi. Although I'm familiar with these roads as I am a slightly hair raising. In 2016 is reckoned that China's appetite for this kind of sharing of stuff involved $600000000.00 people and accounted for more than $500000000000.00 worth of transactions is not just bikes either you can share basketballs now refrigerators luxury handbags phone charges you could even share a so-called girlfriend sexto until last September when public outcry caused that venture to close in Hangzhou I caught up with Justin jar he's boss of Chan way a local umbrella maker who's now offering an umbrella sharing service. Right now we have 10000 users register. Heard on our platform and we target to deploy 600-002-8000 extension 00 umbrellas in the city I'm going to ask a really dumb question here but this cost about $10.00 to do people really want to be renting umbrella's every day just when it's raining. So there are 2 advantages one of the 1st one is the shared umbrella satisfy all your needs and your requirements for an umbrella it's big enough it can block sunlight blocking U.V. And it can block waned and of course the rain and 2nd for a lot of umbrella users it's usually very inconvenient when you go indoors you have to put it in your bag or you have to hold in your hands and soul shared umbrella which software problem there are those though I mean I've seen articles about this that say China is the capital of sharing you share everything you share basketballs you share bicycles you share bodyguards in one city I know recently just recently I mean it's extraordinary that the proliferation of sharing and yet just noise worked brilliantly you have to have all of these different portals where you can get your umbrella or your basketball or whatever it is you want there might come a point when it reaches saturation do you think you reach saturation with this or you're the one brother she shows. Most of the human needs are not clarified needs are developed when we 1st had i Phone 3 we did not think that we need i Phone 8 but we just step up little by little and the market well tested events you're creating a demand now you bring Xanthi you like ombre Zammit your love I'm. Just in those just pulled out a walking stick with the most elaborate and beautifully embroidered metal handle one and it's a fine crafted product and I guess. He's showing me the possibility of what a future umbrella could look like it could be something as elegantly craft as this Italian made stick and the stick to sell 420000 U.S. Dollars Wow that's a 20000 dollars per hour just to handle it sorry it's silver silver it's handmade OK so you're going to start doing sharing over $20000.00 sticks in the future you know the share we need that we want to create a something just. So you're going to create a global appetite for umbrellas one that has not existed before tell me how widely I'm I going to be able to rent a Chan way in the future where will I get one Can I get one in London can I get one in New York do you have global ambitions it's next year to learn to handle and. So we of course we might want to launch our products in the group a next year and we want to tell people that umbrellas just one case one example that we can do we can also integrate other industries as well but this is sharing sharing and sale Sherry and sells. Justin you have a global vision it's exciting to be around you because you obviously care passionately about umbrellas but let's be brutally honest you've only got $10000.00 customers at the moment I mean that does not represent a global revolution just yet doesn't want to hear about 18000 dollar one dollar for China's non for making their costs just like 15 years ago when Jack model launched Ali Baba Nobody were for see this coming and just like which I was 1st launched Nobody were foresee that it's connecting talent 1000000000 people 1000000000 users so I believe this is on the right track in the world did see their call a man with big dreams clearly just in jar of Chan way umbrellas was sitting near him. In the carry Center shopping mall in hand Joe where I was speaking the general manager Ronnie warm revealed another reason why sharing could boost business there obviously you know it provides a value added service and more importantly now over a period of time we can collect data with Justin's company where we know where the local people are coming from or where they're going back to after they've visited on John Kerry center in a rainy day or even in a sunny day also for the hotel for all tourists you know we now know exactly you know which are the main spots that they like to visit in honcho as a tourist destination so by collecting this data we know where our target customers are coming from and where they call back to so that in future when we launch a promotional event or when we launch an advertising campaign we can very much focus on those target audience that has a promotional value for a commercial value for you absolutely absolutely and that information isn't available to you already I mean in the form of apps on your phone or other things that you can see there are certain data available you know from platforms like We Chat and all those kinds of things but not specifically originating from home Joe carry center and you know we can even tell in future a specific person we can even potentially then send for motion or messages to these particular customers thanking him or her for for visiting us so I'm not just renting an umbrella or I'm renting a personal tracking device. You can almost see that you can almost say that but you know with the maybe sinister about that I don't know this sounds scary in the beginning but then this is what you know the market is demanding now you know this is what China is talking about now you know how to make use of big data of course we have to be very careful in which you know in the way in which we use the data but you know this is what everyone is talking about no other strict rules here about how you use data in the past or some and there are groups but you know it is . A strict Yes For example the western world. Not as strict as you know the U.K. Or the US Ronnie wall of the carry shopping center in Hangzhou China you're listening to business daily from the B.B.C. With Ed Butler Let's concentrate now then on the biggest of these sharing concepts bikes we heard about it earlier it may have taken China's streets by storm but now it really is turning global one or 2 European cities like London and Paris have already launched their own newness support fixed station bike sharing schemes but the 2 biggest Chinese companies Ofo and Mobarak back respectively by the tech giants alley Barbara and 10 cent are aiming to offer a far more dynamic Doc less alternative unfixed bikes you just pick them up where you find them and leave them somewhere else standing on the pavement what could be easier mow bike for one is targeting Western dominance as I discovered from its U.K. Head of operations Steve pire we've got quite big plans where we're all over the world already I think we're in about 14 different countries so we launched in Paris a couple of weeks ago we're in Berlin we've been in Italy in the land for several months now and we've gone over to North America as well so we've lost a few cities including D.C. And the business model is obviously to reach out and grab these markets many of which don't have any kind of bike sharing yet before you arrived right correct because we can produce so many bikes we've got such a good economy of scale that we can give this to cities for free so they don't need to pay anything really they just need to sort of say yes you can come in and help us find some space in this of highways is that actually profitable America's homes like a rather stupid question but right now you're just going to get as many bums on seats if I can use that term as you can. Not quite I mean yes there's a global expansion yes we do want to get to many as many cities as we can but we we need to go to cities that have got that critical mass where we can actually make a profit and you have a ton of money behind you so it doesn't matter if you make a loss for a few years now it matters we've only people like Tencent who invest in us you know . You know very shrewd investors and they want to see that we are really working hard so it's not about splashing the cash Tell me about data in all of this I mean I notice if you rent one of your bikes I consent to the transfer of my personal data to mobile like in China this is on the contract if I were to be signing up to you as explained in the privacy policy I think most of the actual have on your phone will potentially go out of the start of the E.U. Or the but all of the data we do take which is very small actually is held in the Tencent cloud so I mean that's a very secure encrypted cloud it's very secure you're saying that because presumably it's going to be accessible to the government of People's Republic if they wanted it I mean they must be allowed to demand it under the laws of China I really don't know about the laws of China but we take from people is their credit card data and a phone number to verify it so we don't actually take any data relating to the person and you weigh how you plan to monetize the data then because I mean this is what people say right data is is gold now and you can make vast amounts of money far more probably than you can directly from the the customer giving you $0.50 or 50 pence or whatever it might be to sit on a bike you're going to be getting all of that commercial information that they provide you by taking a journey. Like I say we don't really take much information at all the data we do collect we share with all the governments in the U.K. That we work with so we've got a really rich data set where the bikes are going but there is no plans in our business model that I would say monetize that Steve Buyer there of Mo bike U.K. The Chinese controlled operators though I'm not going to have it all their own way it seems some Silicon Valley ventures are now up and running to compete with them spin go bike line bike and here in Europe the new kid on the block herb it's an ARI show and talk less bike sharing provider and Tom McGovern is a co-founder every 30 minute journey will cost the user here in the U.K. $50.00 P. So C. Extremely affordable for at the residence of let's say lawn then we also have a membership fee at the moment one pound and we're trying to get as many as we call of bombs on saddles as in the early days that fee will more than likely settle out between $1029.00 pounds now in the months to come just to translate into dollars That's about $1.30 roughly for membership and a maybe about $0.70 US cents for each 30 minute trip at the moment presumably you're not profit making because you're in just started D.N.A. Need to start making a profit for this to become profitable for a while and we obviously need to have a certain amount of bikes in in a city getting used a certain amount of times per day and a certain members per byte and we're very confident that when we get our bicycle numbers at to that stage we'll become profitable because you're up against obviously we already have Santander bikes which are the kind of the city run but Mike system in London and we've also got the Chinese majors if you like over and mobile like in London already and they're and they're huge you're up against a lot of competition absolutely but as we say as you know in the USA you know a rising tide lifts all ships so you know we believe the U.K. Arland in Europe cycling is going to really revolutionize how we move around their cities and we believe we're we're not even touching the iceberg just yet. We're going to explode in the next number of years if you look at each side were you know troubled with congestion and pollution you know the solution is very simple it's a 2 wheeled bicycle let's look at the model and the example of China which China expanded massively fast all the cities have them and I've been to 300 few Chinese cities and sat on the back of them to the that kind of littering everywhere and you're seeing bike graveyards now in China you know I don't believe we're going to see that here in India U.K. So what are about we have a positive fleet management plan and so we've wardens on the ground 7 days a week continuously manning the entire system so they're going to man the system they're going to upgrade the bikes when they get damage which presumably will happen quite a lot and they will also stop people nicking them yet so all the bikes are G.P.S. Tracked so the team at all times know where where every single bike is in terms of vandalism you can expect that in the early days a disc eem ferry quickly that wears off so even here in London you know want one on one too we saw a bit of vandalism but that's now actually since stopped in China we have seen a few casualties because there's been too fast expansion it's claimed in those places it hasn't been properly regulated people are scaling up without actually having a viable end game in terms of profit people are starting to question to say inability of this of this sector you know there's very obvious reasons why some of those businesses went out of business to try to compete with the the 2 major players in China who had very deep pockets and simply what happened was those companies just offered free rides for months and months and months on end and really killed all the smaller players so but I don't know if a Mopar can go to do that to you because they're trying to compete with you right now right now in Europe Well absolutely but we don't ever go into an area with one of them if in the contract that we have in place there's rules and regulations to ensure that predatory pricing doesn't happen so we're very confident that when we go into those areas it's going to be you know we're all you know we we believe you know healthy competition. Grayson we're totally open to that and but you know we believe on healthy competition is it is wrong and we're very aware of what's happened in China and we want to ensure that the U.K. Doesn't just have 2 players who are 90 percent of the market they might be given free rides now but you know come 612 more months down the line they potentially have major leverage over cities and that's when the 1000000000 tactics might start fighting talk it sounds like to me Tom McGovern that of Europe's largest doc last bike sharing for. Time for May now to strap on the helmet and lycra and cycle off into the distance Russell Tandon will be here on business daily tomorrow looking at health care in India we do get around the talent rise say take. The B.C. B.B.C. . Hello and welcome to witness with me and today we're going back to fit brain 1967 when it was revealed that 2 long lost notebooks by the great 15th century Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci have been discovered in a library in space I've been talking to 2 people with a personal interest in the discovery. Leonardo da Vinci is one of the best known authors of time the few works of art of his that have survived like the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper beyond price but Leonardo wasn't just an artist he was a scientist and an architect musician and an engineer many of his inventions like the flying machine with the precursor to technology we use today. I remember a NASA engineer looking at those things I showed him but he said oh yeah that's like such and such person is doing currently that's what's so interesting about Leonardo is so advanced. Robotics engineer time was a boy when he 1st heard about Leonardo is 2 lost notebooks I mean increase the percentage of drawings by 1015 percent of what we have so it was a red letter day. People had known for centuries that the Madrid notebooks existed but over the years they disappeared like so many other of Leonardo's writings says Davinci expert Pietro Morani Oh from the beginning of the 17th century they were to be lost forever and saw no one was able to see and to know they were content for 4 or 5 centuries but in the middle of February 1967 an American university announced that one of its scholars had found the notebooks misplaced a mist numbered on a bookshelf of the National Library of Spain it was one of the great Leonardo fines of the 20th century the discovery of 2 manuscripts of Leonardo da Vinci was announced that a by Dr Jules pick us Professor of Romance languages at the University of Massachusetts Hurst Dr pick us who made the initial discovery consulted with Professor retie noted scholar of the Vinci scientific works who was also searching for the manuscripts and who was examine the documents and confirmed their authenticity back in Italy a young Pietro Morani remembers reading the news in the Italian newspaper Corriere della Sera I was 15 years old when the news was no more in the world and so because my father had bought every day the courier the listener read the very exciting article by Anna Maria Brita on the to discover manuscript and this article made the turning point in my life because 3 hours after I decided to go to the university where Anna Maria believed so because professor here in Miami land and become 1000000 of the scholar. The notebooks would become known as the Madrid code to seize the night hugely increasing what was known about Leonardo and his extraordinary. Retirement in particular my very 1st is the most important than most clear I did order that not a bill concerning mechanics that I had a lot of new information to understand all the elements of one single machine and the 2nd one is a very disorderly manuscript with a lot of topics from me to painting and so they are still 2 of the most important manuscript. Leonardo was kind of Walt Disney of his time so he was contracted by the powers that be to put in press dignitaries and heads of state and many major projects are represented in the Madrid code a series for example there's a drawing of a hang glider and there has been build and that works there's studies of this Worth monument the horse this giant multi-story bronze horse it Leonardo wanted to build but there is one thing that you think is missing is that there is 16 pages in the 1st book that. And you believe the lately and it is going to college who was one of the 1st people to evaluate images. That these pages may have contained the finished drawings of a. Great night exactly the robot night and possibly the robot lying Leonardo kept folders that had his napkin sketch drawings and then they would have also had his finished drawings it's the finished around that are missing he's showing pulleys and cables and stuff like that and then there's this gap and what do we know about this robot which you recreated the reconstruction idea based on the fragments I found many of them Windsor Castle was a robot Knight it could stand up sit down moved its jaw it are. That could move it might a been for the entryway of a park that was outside the sorts of Castle so it might have been kind of a renaissance version of of an amusement park and there would have been leavers or somehow the cables went off the robot and they were operated by possibly water power possibly man you know so he was thinking incredibly in advance of his time especially with the last project the water powered clock its digital in its conception and I find that is the point where he really left the face of the earth going into the modern age and the missing pages do we know where they could be oh well we have about 7000 pages of Leonardo's notes 14000 are missing and NAFTA fil A walk in closet wasn't. Some The original Leonardo pages once he was in a bar in Milan and there's some guy there selling original out of graph Leonardo drawings from the Codex Atlantic kiss for you know $1020.00 and needless to say he reported it and they got the stuff back but there's a lot out there. And the magick where had they been with. The United of inches Apprentice Francesca Mitzi inherited most of his work and manuscripts that limits he died.