Barbara hope zuckerberg. Corporate funding is provided by mutual of america designing customized individual and Group Retirement products. Thats why we are your retirement company. Additional support has been provided by and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. From the tisch wnet studios at Lincoln Center in new york, alison strewart. Stewart good evening, and thanks for joining us. The United States and russia are promoting a new plan to end syrias civil war, now in its sixth year, having caused half a Million Deaths and forced millions to flee as refugees. In talks in geneva, switzerland u. S. Secretary of state john kerry and Russian Foreign minister Sergei Lavrov said a countrywide cease fire is scheduled to take effect at sundown on monday. It calls for Government Forces of president Bashar Alassad backed by russia and rebels backed by the u. S. To stop shooting while humanitarian aid is delivered where needed. We believe that the plan as it is set forth if implemented, if followed has the ability to provide a turning point, a moment of change. Stewart if the truce holds for a week, the u. S. And russia intend to launch an unprecedented joint effort to attack positions held by militants from isis and al qaeda, known as al nusra in syria. Joining me now from washington for more on the latest truce effort is New York TimesNational Security correspondent david sanger, who just returned from geneva this morning. David thanks for joining us. Stewart tomorrow is the 15th great to be with you. Stewart what is the most significant part of this deal . Well, this deal is a big risk, but its probably a risk worth taking. You may remember, alison, that there was another ceasefire deal that was signed in february in munich, and the problem with it was that it allowed assad, president assad of syria, to continue to join in the the bombing of alnusra and, of course, of Islamic State sites, even while there was supposed to be humanitarian access, and a ceasefire elsewhere and a ceasefire against any of the opposition groups. The problem was that assad used the excuse of bombing alnusra to also bomb Opposition Forces that have been fighting him and that the americans have backed. And so the the question was is there a way for the United States and for russia to jointly take part in targeting alnusra and Islamic State forces, and keep assads forces out of the air . Stewart for a teal as complexes that to can come together, where you have two, stranged powerhouses agreeing to Work Together militarily, something significant has to have changed. What changed . Well, for the Obama Administration, what changed was the entry of the russians into the war. You remember it was a year ago that president obama at the white house said that the russians would regret this day, that they would get completely bogged down in had war. Well, in fact, as it turned out, the russians have done a pretty good job of shoring up assad. Had the the russians not entered, its entiewrl possible that assads government would have collapsed by now. So suddenly had became a battle in which two big supermowers to come to some agreement. Central problem with it, alison, is there are so many other players here its rawndzs, different, the iranians, different opposition groups, the saudis that if harry not all buying into had agreement, to which they were not a party negotiating, this whole thing could fracture apart. Stewart secretary kerry said this is not based on trust. This is based on compliance and oversight. Who is going to be monitoring this . Who is going to be providing that compliance and oversight . Well, the oversight is easy for everybody it see. The United Nations will see it. The u. S. Has got enormous assets satellites, drones, other things to see whats going on. The question is, if assad violates agreements, will the russians really reign him in. And they dont, would or could the United States threaten military action. There are manied in the Obama Administration that believe president obama made a fundamental error a few years ago when he did not decide to crater the runways something the United States has known how to do since before world war ii and keep assads planes from taking off. Stewart saying from the New York Times, thanks so much. Thank you. Stewart tomorrow is the 15th anniversary of the attack on america that claimed nearly 3,000 lives after al qaeda terrorists flew passenger jets into the World Trade Center in new york, the pentagon outside washington and a field in pennsylvania. After 9 11, terror suspects captured overseas were detained by prosecute terror suspects, the nations only pending 9 11 case is unresolved at guantanamo. In tonights signature segment, newshour weekends Phil Hirschkorn reports on the debate over the best venue to bring terrorists to justice. Reporter on september 11, 2001, jean nebbia lost her big brother, steven schlag. Steven was a character. If you didnt like him, he would do something to you to make sure you liked him. Reporter a generous soul who loved to ski. A bond trader for cantor fitzgerald, schlag was trapped on the 105th floor of the north tower, above the first plane hijackers crashed into the World Trade Center. A teachers assistant from new jersey, nebbia volunteers for the 9 11 Tribute Center giving tours of the memorial site. I get to let people know everything about him. My thoughts are to celebrate what i had with him. Ared down her brothers also alleged killers in person at Legal Proceedings called military commissions at the u. S. Naval base in guantanamo bay, cuba. These five men are the only people in u. S. Custody now charged with a direct role in planning 9 11. Long after their capture and detention in secret c. I. A. Prisons overseas, they were transferred to guantanamo ten years ago. The government says khalid shaikyh mohammed, known as k. S. M. , was the architect who brought the planes plot to al qaeda leader osama bin laden. Ramzi binalshibh was allegedly his righthand man, the liaison with the 19 hijackers who carried out the attacks. Walid bin attash allegedly helped train the hijackers in camps in afghanistan. Mustafa alhawsawi and Ali Abdul Aziz ali allegedly funneled money to the hijackers. Theyve already admitted to it. Theyll get convicted, and the Death Penalty will be justice served. Reporter but that outcome is neither guaranteed nor coming soon. With the military commissions mired in procedural roadblocks and interminable delays, prosecutors and Defense Attorneys involved say it wont be concluded before the year 2020. Former United States attorney david kelley was part of a team of federal prosecutors in new york that wrote the book on prosecuting major terrorism cases. The first chapter was the trial for the 1993 World Trade Center truck bombing, which convicted four defendants, each sentenced to 240 years in prison. You know, we were the go to folks pre9 11 and the criminal justice system. And then. On september 12, it wasnt so much that way anymore. Reporter kelley won a jury conviction against the attacks ringleader, ramzi yousef, who was sentenced to life in prison. Coldblooded, indeed. And he could, you know, look at you and smile, and rip your heart out at the same time. Reporter in the mid1990s, kelleys colleagues in the Southern District of new york also convicted omar abdel rahman, the blind sheik from egypt, and nine other islamic extremists for a conspiracy to carry out attacks on new york city landmarks like the George Washington bridge and the United Nations headquarters. I think the most memorable, historically significant thing about it for me is the degree to which it indicated what was coming. Reporter Michael Mukasey was the judge who presided over the trial and used his discretion to sentence abdel rahman to life behind bars. It was not a great ordeal or a tough call. Reporter but mukasey worries the Public Disclosure of evidence at that trial aided americas enemies. The government was required to serve a list of unindicted coconspirators that it knew about, and they did. One name on that list was osama bin laden. Very few people had ever heard of him at the time. We later found out that within ten days or two weeks after that letter was served on the defendants, it had found its way to khartoum, where bin laden was then living, and so that he was aware not only that the government knew about him but also who else the government knew about. Reporter after bin laden soldiers truckbombed u. S. Embassies in kenya and tanzania in 1998, killing more than 200 people, including a dozen americans, federal prosecutors in new york convicted four men for the attack in a jury trial that ended a few weeks before 9 11. All received life sentences. Former federal prosecutor david kelley believes those early cases proved terrorism trials work. Not only because its effective because it gets terrorists off the streets, but because its done in a way that meets all of our constitutional requirements. Reporter one of those requirements is that any defendants statements be voluntary, not coerced. Kelley says its a myth that once terrorism defendants get a lawyer, they automatically stop talking. The old adage is, bad guys just want to talk, and they typically do. And notwithstanding their opportunity to have a lawyer, they typically will forego that, at least at the outset, and theyll give you a lot of information. Reporter before the attacks on the World Trade Center in new york and the pentagon in northern virginia, the f. B. I. Had tried to get information, unsuccessfully, from al qaeda operative zacarias moussaoui, who was arrested for a visa overstay three and a half weeks before 9 11 after arousing suspicion in a minnesota flight school. Since moussaoui ended up pleading guilty, his trial in Virginia Federal Court focused only on his sentence. Instead of the Death Penalty, the jury opted for life in prison without the possibility of parole. Moussaoui sits in a cell 23 hours a day, doesnt even have natural light. Reporter Edward Macmahon led the defense team. To date, moussaoui is the only person convicted by the u. S. In any venue for the 9 11 conspiracy. It was a very dignified proceeding conducted by a federal judge in a federal courtroom under rules of evidence. A jury deliberated, came to its verdict. Was the client. Did he act out . Of course, that happens lots in criminal cases. Reporter moussaouis antics and his trying to represent himself caused delays, but so did the governments blocking access to Al Qaeda Leaders in military custody, like k. S. M. , that moussaoui wanted to testify on his behalf. From arraignment to verdict in may 2006, the case took four and a half years. It seems like a blink of time compared to whats happening in cuba. Ten years later, they dont even have a trial date. If i went into court and told a judge in alexandria that i needed ten years to prepare for trial, id get ten weeks. Stems. Elieve deeply in both reporter Charles Cully stimson helped write the rules for the military commissions as Deputy Assistant secretary of defense in the bush administration. Hes also a former military judge and federal prosecutor. Stimson helped manage that transfer of the 9 11 defendants to guantanamo in september, 2006. They would be held accountable. They would be brought out of the socalled shadows and that, for those that could be tried, they would be subjected to military commissions. Reporter the legal procedures for handling guantanamo detainees have been subjected to three Supreme Court decisions requiring changes in the military commissions spelled out in two acts of congress. There have been endless debates about what evidence is admissible, including the mistreatment of the defendants in c. I. A. Custody. Stimson is as disappointed as anyone that the 9 11 military commissions are taking so long. It could be 20 years after 9 11 before we have a 9 11 military commission completed. And that leaves a bad taste in my mouth and everyone watching this show. The measure of justice is not speed; its fairness. And you know, the military commissions are not speedy, and they are not quick justice. Reporter and its not a flaw of design . I think that its because its new and being tested aggressively and appropriately by the defense in every which way to sunday. Its taking time. The best reason it should stay at guantanamo is because so much work has been done. Reporter stimson points out that work includes 20 weeks of pretrial hearings, 50 oral arguments, 217 substantive motions, and 500,000 pieces of evidence turned over to the defense teams. Theres a law in place, a federal law in place that says they cant be brought to the United States. So, unless and until Congress Changes that law and theres the political will to bring them to Federal District court and hit the restart button, its not going to happen. Reporter that law passed after the Obama Administration announced in late 2009 it intended to transfer the 9 11 defendants from guantanamo to new york for trial in the federal courthouse less than a mile from ground zero. The decision reflected not only a preference of venue by the president and attorney general eric holder, but a track record since 9 11, federal prosecutors have won more than 350 terrorismrelated convictions in federal court. Besides moussaoui, the list includes foiled plotters like shoe bomber richard reid, underwear bomber umar farook abdulmutallab, and wouldbe subway bomber najibullah zazi. By contrast, military proceedings at guantanamo have yielded only eight convictions, half later reversed, and generally lighter sentences. For example, former bin laden driver salim hamdan was sent home to yemen after a conviction and serving fiveandahalf years at guantanamo. Before moving any 9 11 detainees, the Obama Justice department had a test case ahmed ghaliani, an east Africa Embassy bomber captured in pakistan in 2004 and sent to guantanamo. He became the first and only guantanamo detainee ever transferred to u. S. Soil and stood trial in manhattan federal court. Ghailani, youll recall, almost beat the case. He was acquitted of all the murder counts resulting from the bombing of the embassies. He was convicted only of conspiracy to damage government property. Reporter but that was enough to get him a life sentence. It was enough to get him a life sentence because of the intended circumstances, but it was an awfully close matter. Reporter that close verdict, plus fears that defendants would have a platform in open court, and concerns about Public Safety in lower manhattan, fueled opposition to moving the 9 11 trial. Is there a security concern . Yeah, but its yet another hurdle that can be overcome. I saw greater traffic jams when we came out with Martha Stewarts conviction than when we came out with any of the terrorist convictions. Reporter still, by 2011, obama and holder changed course. The 9 11 defendants remained at guantanamo. If, when obama had taken office, if hed he done what he said and he had moved those five gentlemen to new york city, they would have already been tried and convicted. No question in my mind. And i feel sad for the 9 11 family members who still want justice and who fly down to cuba and watch these ridiculous proceedings in cuba. Reporter for two years at guantanamo, Edward Macmahon assisted the defense team for 9 11 defendant walid bin attash. From what he saw, he believes the military is miscast to handle the 9 11 case. You wouldnt ask the Justice Department to go take baghdad and charge into the palace holding briefcases. I just think theres a lot of institutional inability to put on a Death Penalty trial in guantanamo bay, cuba. They dont have judges that have ever done it. The prosecutors have never done it. Reporter when judge mukasey retired from the bench in 2006 and became president george w. Bushs attorney general the following year, his view of terrorism trials in federal court had dimmed. Weve already got a reputation for having a fair system. We dont need to establish it. The sense that we have to prove something to the world, i thin is ridiculous. Reporter mukasey also sees a benefit in the defendants ongoing military detention of the 9 11 suspects. The most valuable feature of any of these defendants is as a source of intelligence. You get some information. You go back, check on it. Maybe go back for more. Once he broke, Khalid Sheikh mohammed was providing information for months. Reporter you would stay the course with them for these 9 11 defendants . Not sure. I think i would. I think starting again would be a travesty. Reporter guantanamo is not a cheap facility to keep running. These days, the prisoner census below a hundred. Its estimated its 3 million to 4 million per prisoner, per year. Right. You know what the cure for that is . Reporter no. Bring more prisoners. Reporter also willing to wait for the outcome at guantanamo is jean nebbia, who lost her brother on 9 11. We need justice. Its frustrating, but i have no desire to see them on american soil. Stewart what happened to some of the remnants of the World Trade Center . Find out at www. Pbs. Org newshour. Stewart according to the National Audubon society, Climate Change poses a threat to large numbers of north american birds. Now, a street art project here in manhattan aims to call attention to their plight. Newshour weekends Megan Thompson reports. Reporter walk these urban streets of upper manhattan, and you just might catch a glimpse of a tundra swan or a roseate spoonbill just a few of the birds native to north america, ones also painted by the 19th century artist John James Audubon, who lived nearby. You listen to these birds chirping, and youre like, oh, my god. We may not. Might not hear that sound in 50 years. Reporter mark jannot, a Vice President at the National Audubon society, says the whimsical portraits of the audubon mural project are meant to send a very serious message. A 2014 Audubon Society study found that half of all north american birds are threatened by Climate Change this century as their habitats shift and shrink. It might be a Grassland Bird and its going to shift into areas that are forests, so that it wont be suitable to live there. Reporter to get the word out, the Audubon Society partnered with local art gallery owner avi gitler. Hes working with artists to paint all 314 of the threatened birds. So far, weve painted about 45 birds. We have a long way to go before we finish the 314, but were hoping to have painted about 150 birds by the end of 2016. Reporter like the birds they depict, the murals can be tricky to spot. Many are painted on Stores Security gates, which are only rolled down when the business is closed. Some paintings cover entire walls. Others adorn panels inserted in doors and windows. Over here, you have a great painting by tom sanford who lives in the neighborhood. Its John James Audubon contemplating the cerulean warbler. Over here you have a mallard by the pennsylvaniabased artist graham preston. The last two panels are of these two wonderful brown pelicans, one diving and one about to be fed. There are a lot of birds on the list that people are surprised to learn that theyre threatened. For instance, the common loon, which is the state bird of minnesota. By the end of this century, by 2080, will no longer be found in the state of minnesota. The Baltimore Oriole will no longer be found in baltimore. The bald eagle, our national bird, it is seen to be threatened by Climate Change in this century, as well. This mural was the first one that we painted on the side of an entire building, our first big wall mural. The main bird here, thats a swallowtailed kite. That composition is exactly as John James Audubon painted that bird. One of the things that the Audubon Society and i agreed on from the beginning was that we were going to allow the artists to express themselves. We werent looking to paint 314 birds in the style of John James Audubon. We wanted artists to come in and do something original, do something in their style. My grackle . Hes a badass grackle. Hes there with his wife. laughs reporter new yorkbased painter ezo cu killz recently painted his grackles on the gate of an eye clinic. Its a loud bird and kind of like obnoxious, you know. It seems that its like a new york bird, even though hes not from new york. I just got the picture of the grackle in my phone. I have an idea of the composition that i wanted to do. I wanted to add some structures behind it. So, its almost like nature versus technology. You know, just, you know, thats the fight were in right now and kind of finding the balance in that, which is what were trying to do with these pictures, you know inform the public and expand their mind. This is pbs newshour weekend, saturday. Stewrt Hillary Clinton says she regrets calling half of Donald Trumps supporters deplorable. She made the comment at a Campaign Fundraiser in new york city last night. To just be grossly generalistic, you can put half of Trump Supporters into what i call the basket of deplorables, right . The racist, sexist, homophobic, xenophobic, islamaphobic, you name it. Stewrt in a written statement today, clinton said its deplorable that trump has built his campaign largely on prejudice and paranoia. She also said many Trump Supporters are hardworking americans who just dont feel like the economy or our political system are working for them. On twitter today, trump said her remarks were so insulting to my supporters, millions of amazing hardworking people. I think it will cost her at the polls. At a rally last night in pensacola, florida, trump criticized the f. B. I. Investigation of a private email server clinton used while secretary of state, and described her as immune to prosecution for anything. Because she is being so protected, she could walk into this arena right now and shoot somebody with 20,000 people watching, right smack in the middle of the heart, and she wouldnt be prosecuted, okay . Stewrt neither candidate had any Public Campaign events today. Three states can no longer ask residents to prove their american citizenship when registering to vote this year. In an order issued yesterday, the u. S. Court of appeals in washington, d. C. , blocked kansas, georgia and alabama from requiring new registrants to show a birth certificate or naturalization papers. Only kansas has actively enforced the law, rejecting some 20,000 registration forms. Stewart hinckley, who was found not guilty by reason of insanity after trying to assassinate ronald regan was released from a hospital. He cant venture more than 50 miles from his mothers home. And finally, tbretta zimmer friedman, at the center of one of the most iconic photos ever taken died. She was kissed by a sailor in times square as they celebrated the end of world war ii. She was 92. Thats all for this edition of pbs newshour weekend. Im alison stewart. Good night. Captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by Media Access Group at wgbh access. Wgbh. Org pbs newshour weekend is made possible by bernard and irene schwartz. Judy and josh weston. The cheryl and Philip Milstein family. The citi foundation. The john and Helen Glessner family trust. Supporting trustworthy journalism that informs and inspires. Sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. Barbara hope zuckerberg. Corporate funding is provided by mutual of america designing customized individual and Group Retirement products. Thats why we are your retirement company. Additional support has been provided by and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Female announcer truly california is a kqed production presented in association with. [percussive rock music] next on truly california. They play a vital role in the horse racing industry. Believe me, if it were not for the mexican grooms, there would be no horse racing. Announcer and they came to the United States with hopes for a better life. [speaking spanish] announcer but as undocumented workers, they face risks on and off the racetrack