Enabling urban progress. The john and Helen Glessner family trust. Supporting trustworthy journalism that informs and inspires. Sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. Corporate funding is provided by mutual of america designing customized individual and Group Retirement products. Thats why we are your retirement company. Additional support has been provided by and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. From the tisch wnet studios at Lincoln Center in new york, this is pbs newshour weekend. Stewart good evening and thanks for joining us. The flow of migrants and refugees to europes main entry point, greece, is going down, but the financial cost to the nation welcoming the most migrants, germany, is going up. Since the European Union cut off entry to migrants leaving turkey and arriving by boat in greece, new arrivals in greece have dropped 90 to fewer than 3,000 in april, according to the e. U. Border control agency frontex. The e. U. Is now sending refugees from syria, iraq, and afghanistan back to turkey, and paying turkey to accept them. Still, some 8,000 refugees from africa especially from libya, egypt, eritrea, and nigeria made it to italy last month. Just yesterday the Italian Coast Guard rescued more than 500 migrants from two boats stranded on the mediterranean sea. In germany, a report published today says that country expects to spend 106 billion over the next five years hosting migrants and refugees. The figure comes from a German Finance Ministry document obtained by the news magazine der spiegel. Germany admitted more than a million migrants and refugees last year and is on track to accept 600,000 this year. The finance ministry projects 700,000 more could settle in germany in 2017 and 2018. The costs include housing, welfare payments, and language training. Though the finance ministry predicts a majority of migrants granted asylum will obtain jobs. Nigeria is hosting a regional summit to combat the Islamic Militant group boko haram. French president Francois Hollande was in the nigerian capital of abuja today for the meeting with Security Officials mainly from other african countries. Boko haram is blamed for killing close to 700 people last year, more than any other terrorist group, including isis. It is also the group that abducted more than 200 Nigerian School girls in 2014, who have not been released. The west african nation of cameroon announced today that Multinational Forces captured five boko haram leaders earlier this month, and freed 46 women and children who were held captive. With donald trump just 103 delegates short of securing the republican president ial nomination, the biggest donor in the last president ial election is backing him. Billionaire casino owner sheldon adelson, who publicly endorsed trump yesterday, has privately informed him he plans to give up to 100 million to groups and super pacs for trump, accordin the new york times. Adelson gave 93 million in 2012 to groups supporting republicans, including mitt romney and newt gingrich. Trump is reportedly considering gingrich, a former speaker of the house of representatives, to be his running mate. Hawaii is the first state to sue Japanese Company takata for manufacturing defective air bags. The suit filed yesterday seeks 700 million in penalties, or 10,000 for each of 70,000 cars sold in hawaii with the airbags. A chemical in the air bags causes them to explode and spew shrapnel, which has resulted in seven deaths and more than 100 injuries in the u. S. Hawaiis office of Consumer Protection says the states climate, the heat and humidity, makes the explosions more likely. The federal Transportation Department has already imposed a 200 million fine on takata and expanded the recall of its airbags to 40 million vehicles. Stewart in the coming weeks, the department of Homeland Security is planning to step up the arrest and deportation of undocumented immigrants whose asylum claims have been denied. Many Asylum Seekers said they had fled violence in Central America. The deportations will most immediately affect some 50,000 migrants arrested crossing the southwest u. S. Border between last october and this march. Reuters reporter julia edwards, who covers Homeland Security, broke the story this week, and she joins me now from washington to discuss it. Julia, these raids are coming in response to a surge of people coming from Central America. Whos coming and why the surge . So we know that women and children, some traveling together, some children traveling without a guardian have been coming up from the three countries in Central America they call the northern triangle. That is would be guatemala, el salvadore an honduras, theyre escaping poverty. There has been extreme drought in that region this year and also escaping violence. So the drug cartels who have really made Living Conditions very poor in these places. And so since 2014 we really began to see a surge of people coming across the border, up through mexico taking very dangerous journeys, often paying human smugglers exorbitant prices just to get them across the border. But we saw a bit of a dip in 2015. The department of Homeland Security thought that they had more or less gotten this problem under control by trying to get the message back to Central America that Illegal Immigrants could not stay in the United States. However, at the end of last year and coming up until about last march, the latest numbers we have available, theres actually been a surge again. There were r raids like this in january. So these raids that are going to happen in the incomes month or so allegedly going to happen in the incomes month or so, how are they expected to be different . So the raids in january were just over two days. January 2nd and 3rd and focused on three states, texas, georgia, and north carolina. These raids are to take place over a 30 day period nationwide. And a document that went out to the field offices, it explained to each Enforcement Field Office to go ahead and take inventory of who was in their field, who had already groten a final order of deportation. And that is a point the white house is really trying to drive home as well. These are people who have actually gone through the court system. Their cases have been heard. They were not grant add sigh lum and a judge has ordered them to have deportation. In january it was 121 women and children who were arrested. This time, were likely to see many more than that. Once people are apprehended, where do they go . How long is the process . We know that in january, when agents came to the doors of these families often in the Early Morning hours, aest ared them, they brought them to detention facilities. There is one very notable one in dilley, texas, where women and children were kept where they could be processed. There was a bit of back and forth that goes on there while theyre at the detention facility. If they are approved they will be put on planes and deported back. The two candidates reasoning for the democratic ticket have criticize the Obamas Administration strategy here. How do they defend it. The white house spokesman yesterday said how do you defend the policy. What he stuck to is it is in the president s authorities to deport people who are recently arrival, that is people who have arrived after january 1s, 2014. That date is important because of course we saw a surge start around 2014. And at the same time that obama laid out his immigration executive action in november of 2014, we saw that there was another caveat to that, that while he wus going to protect some people from detor deportation, there were other people who were prioritis for deportations. And that was criminal aliens and also new arrivals it is sort of also the strategy of we cant deforth deport everyone here, that is 11 million people. But we want to try to increase our borders and say no, you cant come to the u. S. Illegally and expect to say. Julia edwards from reu ters, thank you for sharing your reporting. Thank you. Stewart as the newshour reported in the past week, the United States territory of puerto rico is struggling economically. Earlier this month it defaulted on 400 million in payments on its 70 billion of debt. At the same time, puerto rico is dealing with an outbreak of the zika virus, which the centers for Disease Control and prevention has predicted, could infect a quarter of the islands 3. 5 million residents. Theres a third Crisis Brewing on puerto rico garbage. The island simply does not have enough working landfills to dispose of its garbage or methods in place to recycle it. In tonights signature segment, the newshours Ivette Feliciano reports on efforts to fix this problem, especially in one area of puerto rico where garbage and raw sewage are dumped directly into a waterway. Reporter Romana Castro sleeps with her two children on donated mattresses in this small bunk bed. She lost most of her furniture and belongings last month, when several feet of raw sewage and trash flooded her cement block home in puerto ricos capital, san juan. translated i was asleep, and i heard water running, and i said, what is that . And when i get up and check, i see that water is pouring in. Water was coming in from the toilet. Lots and lots of black water. I didnt have time to bring anything inside or get anything out of the way. Reporter the problem of contaminated water and trash literally flowing into homes in her neighborhood is decadesold, and getting worse. Castro is one of 27,000 people who live in a ring of impoverished communities along the cano de martin pena, or the martin pena channel, a heavily polluted waterway connecting san juan bay and a series of lagoons. translated the water was pouring in from the shower and the toilet. And it wasnt clear water. It was completely dirty, really awful. Completely black. This time it was worse than ever. People have been comparing this last flood to hurricane hugo. Thats what it felt like. Reporter the water is so polluted, because the area has never had adequate sewer systems dating back 80 years ago, when housing for Industrial Workers was built here. More than 3,000 homes and buildings still discharge raw sewage directly into the martin pena channel. Just as damaging, people inside and outside the communities use the channel as a garbage dump. translated weve had to intervene and step in when they arrive. They bring trash and tires in the middle of the night. And at 2 00 a. M. , who will be here to fight with them and tell them to stop . Reporter the channel was once 400 feet wide and ten feet deep, popular for swimming and fishing. Today, the waterway, clogged with garbage and sewage, has shrunk to 30 feet wide and three feet deep, and almost no one goes in it. It is a magnet for mosquitoes, potentially carrying the zika virus, at a time when 925 people on the island are confirmed to have been infected with zika. Doctor Hector Villanueva is medical director at health promed, a clinic that offers low cost, and in many cases free, services to residents along the channel. When the trash is present, it usually attracts insects, rats, and all kinds of vectors and animals that may transmit diseases. Reporter a 2014 study by Mount Sinai Medical School in new york found people who live around the channel have higher levels of gastrointestinal disease than the overall rate in puerto rico. And university of puerto rico researchers found that children here are more likely to develop bronchial asthma and skin conditions. Castro is concerned about the health of her two children, and the third on the way. Shes six months pregnant. translated im especially worried because im pregnant, and zika right now is a big threat in this country. So im really worried, because i see more mosquitoes than ever before. Reporter pregnant woman are especially at risk, as zika can cause microcephaly, a birth defect that causes babies to have abnormally small heads and brains. Just yesterday the territory announced its first zikarelated microcephaly case among the 128 pregnant women diagnosed with virus. Doctor villanueva tells his patients to do what they can to avoid mosquito bites. The problem is that the communitys very poor. So the recommendations are not really affordable to them. Some of them cannot buy the insect repellant. Or its also recommended that they should use screens and they should take advantage of the air conditioner. But those things are not affordable to our community, so we have to deal with their reality. Reporter last month, his clinic received a 250,000 grant from federal department of health and Human Services and the centers for Disease Control and prevention for a zika awareness campaign. Clinic board member Carmen Velez Vega is a professor at the university of Puerto Rico School of Public Health and says part of the problem is that the amount of trash here undermines their efforts. The garbage truck, doesnt come here as often as it comes to other communities. There are places here where the truck will come once and sometimes even twice a day. But thats not whats going to happen here. There are parts of this community that probably wont see a truck in more than a week. And sometimes maybe more. There is a difference in terms of the attention that communities like these get. Reporter the clinic tests patients for zika if they exhibit symptoms like a rash or red eyes. So far, it has documented only one case of the virus. But just steps away from the clinic, we met carmen hernandez, who says she contracted zika after having sex with her husband, because she didnt not know the virus can be spread through intercourse. A proposed restoration project would dredge the martin pena channel, build a sewage system, and relocate families during the cleanup. The puerto rican government has already spent 120 million addressing the faulty sewage system in some areas and preparing for the dredging. Lyvia rodriguez heads enlace, an organization created by puerto ricos government to implement the project in partnership with the Environmental Protection agency and the army corps of engineers. Every time there is a flood, like the one we had two weeks ago, the government has to spend millions of dollars dealing with the crisis and the emergency when we should be spending those same dollars in dealing with the issue. However, we do know that puerto rico cannot afford by itself to deal with the cano de martin pena restoration. Reporter the estimated cost of the restoration project is 600 million. About half still needs to be secured. Congress has promised a quarter of the funds for the e. P. A. And army corps of engineers to assist the cleanup. The puerto rican government and its agencies are supposed to provide a third of the funds, but the debt crisis has put that money in jeopardy. Rodriguez says thats why plans to build a sewage system along the channel have been delayed. We have had one project, for example, which is the relocation of a Potable Water lane that has been in the bidding process for over a year because they do not have cash flow to be able to construct it. So those are the kinds of issues that the community has been facing currently, because of the fiscal crisis. Reporter the martin pena channel is a symptom of much larger trash trouble on the island. E. P. A. Has been telling puerto rico for many years that we are getting to the end of the road. Reporter puerto rico governor Alejandro Garcia padilla says the island is doing what it can to reduce waste. During the past 30 years, the Environmental Protection agency has ordered the closure of more than 50 landfills across the island for leakage issues contaminating groundwater and not being up to environmental standards. It hasnt been a problem yet to pick up trash from the houses. What is a real problem, and will be if we do not attempt to try to tackle now, is what they do with the trash. Reporter of 29 landfills left, the e. P. A. Has ordered eight more to close during the next five years. To reduce landfill waste, Garcia Padilla recently issued an executive order outlawing plastic bags, and says hes working to expand recycling. The island recycles less than 15 of its garbage, compared to 35 on the mainland. The landfill closures make Garbage Disposal even more challenging for residents along the martin pena channel. Basically, because people have less opportunities of where to take their garbage to, or they want to avoid the fees to dispose of properly of the garbage in ways, they look for places where you can use illegal dump sites and dispose of this garbage. Reporter while the Government Works to boost recycling rates across the island, People Living here have launched a Community Recycling program to do their part on the ground. The e. P. A. Told us this is the law, so if it is the law, well make it happen. Reporter next month they hope to sign an agreement with the u. S. Army corps to design the cleanup program. Obviously the trash situation has been an issue in this community for decades. The economic crisis and zika. All these three elements obviously doesnt help us. Because zika is bad in any moment, but right now with all those external factors affecting the quality of life for population, it has a greater impact. Reporter until the channel cleanup begins, Romana Castro lives in fear of the next storm, and the filthy flood it could bring. Material things can always be bought again, but my childs life . Thats completely different. Or they could get sick, all of that contaminated water could make them sick. It really worries me. Stewart learn more about how economic woes and the threat of zika are affecting life for people in puerto rico. Watch our reports online at www. Pbs. Org newshour. Stewart turning to the middle east and the war on isis, the United States is now deploying a small number of special operations troops on the ground in libya. Its part of a strategy to weaken isis and support a unity government in libya, which has been torn apart by civil unrest since a europeanled mission backed by the u. S. Toppled libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi five years ago. Washington post reporter missy ryan has written about the new libya mission, and she joins me now from washington. So missy we know isis is the Islamic State in iraq and syria. When and where did it begin to settle in libya . The Islamic State in libya really became a powerful force in 2015 and it was established with a combination of individuals sent by the Islamic State parent group in iraq and syria, and then pulling from the sort of hodgepodge of militant groups, disenfranchised people who havent fared well in the post revolution era in libya itself. So it is a mix of foreigners and libyans and really established a stronghold in sirte. And while the Islamic State is mall smaer in libya and that iraq and syria, it seems like the most powerful affiliate by the u. S. And its allies. You reported the u. S. Special operations has been in libya in two different locations, two different outpost this past year and they are the small contact teams, i believe is how you wrote about it. Can you explain what that means and what their mission is. Sure. Its really an assessment mission. It isnt so unusual, the United States has small special operations presences in various places. But the goal here in libya is really to help enhance u. S. Awareness of the situation on the ground. The idea is that the small members of americans special Operation Forces will sort through the factions and identify potential recipients of american support in the future. So the idea is that the United States, the Obama Administration wants to make sure that there is ready, if they do decide to launch an expanded operation in libya, that they have Partner Forces on the ground who they can velt and then support as they go in and do the fighting. From this strategy, what lessons have the u. S. Learned from fighting isis in iraq and syria . This is one of the lessons that theyve learned is that it will will take an effective partner on the ground. Not just a Capable Military partner but also a parter in that can bring the right political and governance tools to actually bring about a lasting defeat of the Islamic State. So maybe they can be defeated militarily. Were talking about some number in the thousands in libya. But really, the key will be finding partners who could be supported by the United States and europe, who could bring governance, who can bring law and ford and make sure that the conditions for the Islamic State dont return. I see ryan from the Washington Missy Ryan from the washington post, thank you so much. This is pbs newshour weekend, saturday. Stewart and now to viewers like you your chance to comment on our work. Heres what some of you said about last weeks signature segment about operation peacemaker the program in richmond, california, that pays young men with criminal records a stipend up to 1,000 dollars a month to stay out of trouble and away from guns. Some viewers were skeptical about the program. Robert nolton said you cannot bribe young men into becoming good citizens. I agree with the goal, but as usual the path to get there is very flawed. And after nine short months, they are totally transformed . Good luck with that. Mike tobias added how about being a man by start taking responsibility for your own actions and life i follow the rules, where is my reward . Some thought the money for this program should be spent elsewhere. According to bahman jab, the city of richmond could give them a productive job to build roads, paint, clean highways, plant trees, remove trash. Then pay them. Sandy cox added maybe if they helped low income people with things like housing, college, job training, they wouldnt have to spend all that money later on rehabilitation projects. Other viewers were hopeful the program can work. Anna marie wrote most people are not truly evil, theyve often just made bad decisions. Maybe a little positive reinforcement for a temporary period will go a long way. I like it a lot better than the idea of recidivism. Heidi marty said so often it simply comes down to how people react to being noticed, cared for, and helped along, perhaps for the first time in their lives. Sandy christian borella added whatever it takes to give young men hope for a different and better way of life. For far too many, there isnt hope, choices, or guidance. As always we welcome your comments. Visit us online at www. Pbs. Org newshour, at facebook. Com newshour, or tweet us newshour. And finally, on this National Astronomy day, a photographer took 200 photos of washington States Mount Rainier last june and blended them into this image, that will now be a postage stamp to commemorate the centennial of the National Park service. For more go to our website. Thats it for this edition of pbs newshour weekend, im alison stewart. Thanks for watching. And good night. Captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by Media Access Group at wgbh access. Wgbh. Org pbs newshour weekend is made possible by lewis b. And Louise Hirschfeld cullman. Bernard and irene schwartz. Judy and josh weston. The cheryl and Philip Milstein family. The citi foundation. Supporting innovation and enabling urban progress. The john and Helen Glessner family trust. Supporting trustworthy journalism that informs and inspires. Sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. Corporate funding is provided by mutual of america designing customized individual and Group Retirement products. Thats why we are your retirement company. Additional support has been provided by and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. [man speaking native language] [speaking english] [man speaking native language]