Corporate funding is provided by mutual of america designing customized individual and Group Retirement products. Thats why we are your retirement company. Additional support has been provided by and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. From the tisch wnet studios at Lincoln Center in new york, hari sreenivasan. Sreenivasan good evening. Thanks for joining us. Investigators today zeroed in on the pakistani woman who, alongside her husband, killed 14 people in wednesdays attack in San Bernardino, california. Law enforcement officials are now searching for connections between the two assailants and the Islamic State group. The newshours stephen fee has more. Reporter new details emerged today about 29yearold tashfeen malik, who posted her allegiance to the Islamic State on facebook the same day she and her husband, syed rizwan farook, opened fire on a Holiday Party for the San Bernardino county health department, killing 14 and wounding 21. Today, the official online Radio Station of the Islamic State said the massacre was carried out by two supporters of the Extremist Group but did not claim responsibility for the attack. Family and friends in the u. S. Said they knew little of malik. Her relatives in pakistan said she became a more devout muslim in recent years, switching from western clothing to more traditional garb. She came to the u. S. On a fiancee visa in 2014. Late friday, police towed away the black s. U. V. Driven by malik and farook before both were killed in a shootout with authorities. The f. B. I. Is investigating the killings as an act of terrorism, though so far Officials Say theres no evidence the Islamic State planned the attack or that the couple was part of a terror cell. This afternoon, president obama met with f. B. I. Director james comey and his Security Advisors for an update on the investigation, and, in his weekly video address, the president vowed investigators would figure out what happened. It is entirely possible that these two attackers were radicalized to commit this act of terror. And if so, it would underscore a threat weve been focused on for years, the danger of people succumbing to violent extremist ideologies. Reporter the president also called for new controls on who can get guns. For example, right now, people on the nofly list can walk into a store and buy a gun. That is insane. If youre too dangerous to board a plane, youre too dangerous, by definition, to buy a gun. And so, im calling on congress to close this loophole now. Reporter and the New York Times today for the first time in nearly a century published a front page editorial headlined the gun epidemic, calling for eliminating some large categories of weapons and ammunition. Sreenivasan among the concerns following the mass shooting in San Bernardino is how those living in the United States might become radicalized, and the challenges Law Enforcement faces in trying to track such individuals and prevent them from acting violently. For some insight, i am joined by David Schanzer, who is the director of the Triangle Center on terrorism and Homeland Security at Duke University. So, david, one of the things that people have been struggling with is that there isnt any one single profile of who is going to do Something Like this. Well, there is not. When we look at these group of perpetrators and we can look backwards, we do realize that they share some common traits. They are often disassociated with family members and friends, are loners, not deeply embedded in their community. Many of them have extented some forms of depression or forms of mental illness. A lot of them have had familiarity or experience with firearms. Those behaviors are so generalizable and they apply to so many millions and millions of people in the United States, if youre trying to look forward and be able to point out and say, well you, thats somebody we should really Pay Attention to, its just very, very difficult, if not impossible sreenivasan how does an Intelligence Agency prevent Something Like this . Its like trying to prevent a School Shooting or shooting up a planned parenthood clinic. Well, it really is. So to my mind the best way to try to deal with these things is really to have deep connections between our Law Enforcement agencies and communities, because its going to be friends, relatives, coworkers that might pick up on signals of individuals that they have changed, they may say things that suggest that they might want to engage in violence. So having those kinds of relationships of trust and connectivity in communities is what can possibly give the police some sort of Early Warning that an individual is headed down a road to towards violence sreenivasan well, in this day and age, when you start to talk about connections and communities i automatically think of social media. And it seems those are now opensource indicators of what someones thinking. Theyre opting into sharing this with people. Well, absolutely. Not all these individuals are well trained, hardened criminal terrorist. A lot of them are, you know, confused individuals, and they make mistakes. They dont know how to conceal their intentions. And, indeed, they want to brag to others, to talk about, and so theyll leave clues on social media. Theyll say things and i think thats a very fruitful way for Law Enforcement to try to deal with this by looking at opensource materials, but also because they cant be everywhere on the internet, again, friends, colleaguees, people that are on the internet and see these things, you know, the types of statements that suggest somebody is really interested in violence should bring it to the attention of authorities sreenivasan all right David Schanzer of Duke University joining us from california, thank you very much. Happy to be with you. Sreenivasan we turn now to the fight against isis abroad. France has stepped up its air strikes in syria since the terror attacks in paris. Yesterday, german lawmakers voted overwhelmingly to send reconnaissance jets, a tanker plane and a warship into the fight. This follows wednesdays vote in the u. K. To authorize air strikes against the group. But what kind of effect will these efforts have . Geoff dyer of the Financial Times joins us now from washington, d. C. So, the american warplanes are still doing the bulk of the the important thing thatbut happened this week is the main european powers very much on side with the effort to get to isis in syria. We had the frenching in very big after the paris attacks, the germans and the british this week. Politically, that is important for the administration as it tries to make the case for escalating its campaign in syria. Its very good to have the european allies on site. And the actual daytoday practical terms its not going to make a huge amount of difference. The british will bring eight new planes into the campaign. But, still, the americans are still going to be doing the bulk of the airstrikes, the bulk of the intelligence, the bulk of the reconnaissance sreenivasan none of these countries has committed to putting boots on the ground, right . Id it does not want to puts to ots on the ground in syria as well. You are seeing the republican candidates talking about a much bigger u. S. Presence on the ground but for the time being, thats very much not on the agenda sreenivasan germany and france also announced they are going to speed up their plans to block funds flowing to isis. Why didnt they do that sooner . Thats a very good question, and i think people are absolutely capitol hill scg that very much since the paris attacks, especially as the u. S. Has gone more aggressively after isis Oil Infrastructure over the last month. People are asking why didnt they do that earlier . I think what we are seeing is a much greater urgency among all these countries and intensify the efforts of going after Isis Sreenivasan is there a longer term plan to try to build more partners into this coalition or are they satisfied with who they have now . I think the thing that very much frustrating the administration is the help its been getting from some of its regional allies on this front if you remember, when airstrikes in iraq started, you had the saudis and other regional allies very publicly present taking part in airstrikes, and in the last few months, particularly as they have been bogged down in their own campaign in yemen, they havent been as present. They are also working very hard with turkey. The administration has publicly called out turkey asking turkey to do more to close off the one section of the border between syria and turkey where isis still has a significant presence sreenivasan we have talked a lot about the military element of it. What about the diplomatic side . Well, the diplomatic process is gathering a certain amount of momentum. There will be another meeting in two weeks time in new york. Various countries have talked about timetabletables for elect. Theyre trying to put in place plans for cease fires. The real big issue, the really difficult one they have the punted on for the time being is what happens to syrian leader bashar alassad. The russians are much more the americans would like to see him leave. The russians are on the fence. They havent really stated exactly what they would like to see happen. Thats the really difficult issue that has to be crunched out before there can be any real political resolution sreenivasan all right, geoff dyer from the Financial Times joining us from sreenivasan the Prime Minister of iraq, haider al abadi, called on turkey to withdraw forces training in Northern Iraq today, saying that the exercises are a serious breach of iraqi sovereignty. A Turkish Security official told reuters several hundred soldiers joined a camp near the city of mosul on thursday to train iraqi troops fighting against isis militants. Turkish troops have conducted training exercises for several years in the kurdish autonomous region farther north. The city of mosul has been under isis control since june 2014. In chennai, india, hundreds more rescue workers were deployed after one of the worst floods in the regions history killed at least 280 people. Clearer skies on friday allowed rescue operations to go into higher gear, bringing help to residents stranded on rooftops and trapped by floodwaters. Indias government has been criticized for not reacting fast enough to the disaster; many affected areas still have not received aid, and 18 people died after a floodrelated power outage shut down a hospitals life support systems. Newly released reports from the Chicago PoliceDepartment Show discrepancies between officers accounts of the shooting death of Laquan Mcdonald and the dashcam footage released in november showing officer Jason Van Dyke firing 16 shots at mcdonald. In one of the reports, the deputy chief of patrol says officer van dyke fired his weapon in fear of his life when the offender, while armed with a knife, continued to approach. Another officer claims in defense of his life, van dyke backpedaled and fired his handgun at mcdonald to stop the attack. The dashcam footage showed mcdonald walking away from police. A Chicago Police spokesman released a statement saying, if the criminal investigation concludes that any officer participated in any wrongdoing, we will take swift action. Protests and political fallout have resulted from the video of the shooting; officer van dyke was charged with murder the same day the video was released. The United Auto Workers union is celebrating a historic victory after skilled workers at the volkswagen plant in chattanooga, tennessee, voted last night for union representation. The u. A. W. Has tried to unionize foreignowned auto plants in the south for decades. Last nights victory includes only 11 of the auto plants workers; a vote to unionize the entire plant last year failed. Volkswagen says it plans to appeal last nights vote to the National Labor relations board. Sreenivasan the climate talks that began last week in paris have reached the halfway point, and, early this morning, delegates from 195 nations approved a draft text they hope will be the basis for an agreement to reduce Global Carbon emissions. But the french climate ambassador cautioned that there are still Major Political issues to be dealt with before any final agreement is reached. For more, we are joined via skype from paris by matt dalton of the wall street journal. So, matt, how much closer are we to an agreement now than a week ago . Reporter frankly, i dont think were that much closer. They produced a text. The text has lots of brackets, and brackets means that theres not an agreement on the language thats within the bracket. And, frankly, most of the text is within brackets. So the good news is that there is a it, but they really havent produced any consensus or any agreement on all the issues proving to be the most difficult in the talk centers and compared to other conversations about climate, is there any more sense of urgency in this series . The relationship this meeting is such a big deal is there is hope now and the hope comes from the fact that two biggest emitters in the world, the United States and china, have both agreed to limit their Global Warming emissions, and in fact to reduce their emissions at some point. That was always the big sticking point, the big problem in these negotiations before. So that has unlocked the negotiations. The rest of the world said, well, the two biggest emitters are going to do this, then were game to talk, and i think theres a lot of political momentum behind an agreement. Its just the question of whether they can sort out these details sreenivasan what are the most difficult sticking points . Theres a question of whether the countries should be limiting Global Warming to less than two degrees since the start of the Industrial Age or less than 1. 5 degrees celsius since the start of the Industrial Age. A lot of developing countries, particularly countries that are most vulnerable to climate change, say that if we get to two degrees of warming, large swaths of our territories will be unin habitable. Some nations will be completely un inhabitable and have to move. Them theres the issue of finance. Money is going to make this whole agreement work, money from the developed nations to help developing nations to limit their emissions and also to help them adapt to the effects of Global Warmings. Developed nations have pledged 100 billion annually by 20ed 20. Theres a question of what happens after 2020. Which nations are going to pay . The u. S. , the European Unions and others argue that china, which was once considered to be a developing country is now rich enough that it should really be called upon to pay part of the bill sreenivasan if there is an agreement reached, how binding is this . A lot of countries, the European Union in particular, want this to be legally binding, and enforceable, Something Like an international treaty. The United States has a problem with that. Republicans are going to oppose any kind of Global Warming agreement. The Obama Administration has said given that we cant make the emissions targets that are being negotiated here legally binding on an international level. They just have to be voluntary in that sense, and thats the best we can do sreenivasan all right, matt dalton of the wall street journal joining us have a skype from paris today, thanks so much. Thank you. W. Pbs. Org newshour. Online atate sreenivasan last tuesday, puerto rico managed to make a 354 million payment on 72 billion worth of bond debt to creditors, debt the puerto rican government says it cannot repay. As the u. S. Commonwealth continues to struggle, officials there are hoping that boosting the puerto rican Agricultural Sector will help dig the island out of its economic hole that is, provided the territory can first solve its looming food crisis. In this updated segment, the newshours Ivette Feliciano reports on how a growing number of small organic producers in puerto rico believe that the solution starts by going local. Reporter for two years, chef paxx moll has been preparing farmtotable meals at the san juan restaurant, El Departamento de la comida, which means the department of food. When i cook, everyones a v. I. P. , moll says. You give some of your soul and love to the person. Cuatro libras de habichuelas, 15 quesos. Reporter moll works with a Small Network of puerto rican farmers for the restaurants organic, signature dishes, like their falafelplantain fritters and coconut flatbread. I think its fresh food with puerto rican essence. And its all locally grown, which makes it uber puerto rican. Reporter yet getting Quality Ingredients from puerto rico is not easy. On this lush tropical island, more than 85 of what people eat is imported. Seafood, meats and staples like rice and beans and coffee mostly come from the United States, neighboring latin american countries and even china. The main reason puerto ricos Agricultural Sector is dismal, representing less than 1 of the islands gross domestic product. From california or china, in a ship that goes to the canal de panama, to come here, thats, like, one, two, three, four, five, six weeks . Reporter carlos reyes albino, a former coowner of the restaurant, says the islands dependence on imports makes it dangerously vulnerable to any unforeseen event threatening its food supply. A catastrophe or something happen with the ships, whats going to happen to us . Reporter in october, a puerto ricobound cargo ship from florida, el faro, sank during a hurricane, costing the lives of 33 crew members and also the loss of 70 containers of food. Right now, puerto ricos agriculture secretary warns the territory only has a onemonth food supply on hand. So, the government has implemented a plan to redevelop the islands Agricultural Sector, providing farmers with subsidies and new equipment. Already, in the last two years, puerto rico has seen a 24 increase in agriculture revenues and 6,500 new jobs. The restaurant El Departamento de la comida is also trying to engage more local farmers. Theres a lot of variety here. Theres anon, theres grapefruit. Reporter farmer Daniel Cadenas has been providing the restaurant with organic produce for two years. I think its really positive what theyre doing, because theyre helping promote what is the agriculture in puerto rico. Reporter cadenas splits his time between his familys medical billing business and their 25acre farm in the town of carolina, about 20 miles outside of san juan. He hopes more people in puerto rico will see farming in a new light. Its very important that people get back to their roots and they learn how to deal with the land and how to grow their own produce. We kind of have lost that or have not done enough of it, and we can definitely produce our own and wont have to depend on an outside supply. Reporter the shortage of locallygrown food here results from a decline in farming and social stigma. Sugar was the dominant crop, but the grueling and lowpaying work on mostly americanowned plantations gave rise to the term jibaro for peasant, a word also synonymous with ignorance and poverty. About poverty, about having people from other places owning our lands. We got the problem that our culture looks at the agriculture, too, as the sugar cane. Reporter an International Collapse in sugar prices after world war ii led puerto rico to focus more on industrialization. Today, the island uses less than a third of its agricultural land. The folks at the restaurant El Departamento de la comida say theyll continue to do their small part to get puerto rico on track to a Sustainable Future in food. We got this slogan. It goes, you lost agriculture, you lost the society, because agriculture is the first step in every kind of society. Sreenivasan finally, the shipwreck of the spanish gallion believed to be carrying a fortune in gold coins, silver, and gems, has been found off the coast of colombia. Colombias president tweeted the news last night and said the wreck of the san jose found near cartagena could be worth at least 1 billion. It was sunk in 1708 while carrying its precious cargo to Inspector General to fund the spanish war. Im hari sreenivasan. Have a good night. Captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by Media Access Group at wgbh access. Wgbh. Org pbs newshour weekend is made possible by Corporate Funding is provided by mutual of america designing customized individual and Group Retirement products. Thats why we are your retirement company. Additional support has been provided by and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. 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