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Corporate funding is provided by mutual of america designing customized individual and Group Retirement products. Thats why we are your retirement company. Additional support is provided by and by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. From the tisch wnet studios in Lincoln Center in new york, hari sreenivasan. This is pbs newshour weekend. Sreenivasan good evening. Thanks for joining us. Members of italys coast guard are searching for survivors after a fishing boat crowded with migrants overturned today. As many as 700 people are feared dead. The accident happened in the mediterranean, off the coast of libya. The victims were trying to get from there to italy. Late today, italys cabinet met in emergency session. Since the beginning of the year an estimated 1,500 people have died making the crossing to italy. In libya today, another atrocity linked to isis. The muslim Extremist Group released a video online showing the beheading of 15 ethiopian christians and the shooting of 15 others it had captured. Isis called the victims crusaders. Mixed signals from iran today. That countrys supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei said the United States had created a myth about his country trying to develop a nuclear weapon. Meanwhile, the Deputy Commander of irans Islamic Revolutionary guard said iran would not allow inspections of military sites, calling the idea a national humiliation. Last week, defense secretary ash carter said any final deal must include those inspections. During a Television Interview today, the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee insisted that economic sanctions against iran be phased out, not eliminated immediately if a final deal is reached. I thinks its very important that the phase, the sanctions be phased, so that we see how iran is behaving and whether theyre actually living up to the arrangement. One of the biggest concerns people have is that iran today has the ability through covert action to do anything that they wish. Sreenivasan turning now to europe about 300 American Military trainers have arrived in ukraine, prompting an angry response from the kremlin. For more about this, we are joined now via skype from moscow by andrew roth. He has reported the story for the New York Times. So what are the american advisors doing on the ground . Hi hari. The american advisor who came from in the hudson 73rd airborne based if italy and they come to train ukraines fat guard b a thousand members of the National Guard are engaged in in combat in the east of the country an theyre going to be working on what they said were military training as well as specifically focusing on the officer corps. So this is a very new unit that the National Guard so the officers a lot of them havent had much training yet at all. Srennivasan so this is short of supplying any arms or weapons to the ukraine. The United States has refused to do that right . So far they have. The United States has supplied somewhat is you will caed nond lethal aid to ukraine. That includes promises to supply humvees both armoured and unarmoured. Dronesment but they havent yet agreed to supply lethal aid, weapons in particular antitank weapons that both people who are on the front linesing soldiers who are on the front lines as well as officials in kiev desperately want. Srennivasan so whats the reaction in moscow where are you . The reaction in moscow has been Strong Negative suggestions by president putin spokesmen that this could destabilize the situation in the country. We interpret that to mean new conflicts or new outbreak of violence in the southeastment although there have been a lot of terrorist acts in several cities in ukraine as well. But the kremlin has really drawn a red line at supplying lethal aid. So i think that its not absolutely certain that the arrival of these military trainers is going to change the situation in the southeast. What seems far more important to them is that countries like the United States and europe and even israel dont supply weapons to you current. That seems to be their real red line. All right andrew roth from the New York Times joining us via skype from moscow. Thanks so much. Thanks. Sreenivasan in a decision with possible repercussions for the world economy, Chinas Central Bank announced new banking rules today. Theyre meant to help spur bank lending and to combat slower economic growth. Even so, some analysts questioned whether the move would enable china to reach its 7 growth target for 2015, its lowest in nearly a quarter of a century. Recent comments by f. B. I. Director james comey have led to a diplomatic flap between the United States and poland. Polands Foreign Ministry summoned americas ambassador in warsaw for a meeting today after comey said that nazi germany had been aided by accomplices in poland and other countries. The polish embassy in washington sent a letter to the fbi director saying he had, in their words, accused poles of perpetrating crimes which not only did they not commit but which they themselves were victims of. Sreenivasan and now to south africa, this weekend the leader of that country, jacob zuma canceled an overseas trip. This following days of violence there against immigrants. For more, we are joined now via skype from johannesburg by david smith of the guardian newspaper. Is is david, we should say you are on battery power. You are talking to us during a blackout. What has been happening there over the past few weeks, . What is the source of this violence . There has been an outbreak of xenophobic violence targeting many african foreign nationals living in South African and at least six deaths and the u. N. Estimates more than 5,000 people displaced many to transit camps set up around major cities. Its what many would say is due to underlying problems of unemployment and poverty. And has been condemned by the South African government an Many Civil Society leaders. And really a flareup and a trend that we have seen over at least ten years. Srennivasan the people that are being attacked where are they from . Zimbabwe in many cases maliwe. Mozambique many from nigerian. A few other african countries. Sometimes they are fleeing conflicts and violence in their homeland. Sometimes they are economic migrants. Srennivasan how about is the unemployment situation in south africa that is prompting some of this violence. The official Unemployment Rate is about one in four people. Most experts would say that is actually an understation it is closer actually to one in threement and the worst affected of all are younger black people where some estimate half. Srennivasan this has also prompted a reaction from south africas neighbors. Tell me a bit about that. Yes, there has been demonstrations at several South African embassies around africa, there has been an incident where South African vehicles were pelted with stones in neighboring mozambique. There have been threats to close South African businesses. This sadly has really driven divisions between south africa and the rest of the continent. Srennivasan david smith joining us via skype from dark johannesburg tonight, thank you. Thank you. Sreenivasan turning to news in this country the chairman of the House Committee on Homeland Security said today the recent arrest of an ohio man for allegedly plotting a terror attack illustrates the heightened threat now facing the United States. Its the first foreign fighter case weve seen of an american citizen travelling to syria, training with al qaeda, al nusra, and then returning to the United States under instructions by al qaeda operatives to conduct a terrorist attack on american soil. That is whats hugely significant about this case. Sreenivasan its been a violent few days in parts of chicago. Authorities there say at least two people were killed and at least 18 wounded in a series of shootings since friday afternoon. The number of shootings were up 40 during the first three months of 2015 compared to last year. The number of murders is up 29 . Authorities in neighboring indiana are having a difficult time controlling that h. I. V. Outbreak from shared needle use. The States Department of Public Health says there are now 130 documented cases, with 24 new cases reported this past week. Indiana has implemented a Needle Exchange program to try to curb the outbreak. That 61yearold florida postal worker who violated National Airspace by landing his gyrocopter onto the grounds of the capitol is now back in florida under house arrest. Doug hughess next Schedule Court appearance in washington is three weeks from now. The incident has prompted a fullscale security review since hughes was able to fly under the radar near so many monuments through restricted airspace. The nations second most populous state texas, is on the verge of passing legislation that would allow residents there with concealed handgun licenses to openly carry the guns in holsters. The bill cleared the texas house friday. The state senate had already passed a similar version of the bill. The governor has said he will sign any legislation that expands Second Amendment rights. And imagine traveling from chicago to new york by train in just more than two hours. That might be possible sometime in the future if a train now being tested in japan is put to use in this country. The magnetic levitation bullet train hit a record 366 miles an hour during a test in that country a few days ago. Its manufacturer says it wants to export the technology to the United States. News from washington tonight that for nearly two decades during the 1980s and 1990s, top fbi forensic investigators routinely gave flawed testimony overstating the evidence they had against criminal defendants. In more than a dozen cases, the defendants were later executed or died in prison. Spencer hsu broke the story in todays washington post. He joins us now from washington. So i say this is a watershed moment in one of the countrys largest forensic what has been found has been as you say that for more than two decades nearly every examiner and nearly every criminal trial in which fbi experts gave testimony against criminal defendants they overstated the strength the the significance of a match. Srennivasan so you say said that about a quarter of all the wrongful con vixes of people that have been exonerated later on the testimony of hair examiners or bite mark comparisons have actually helped sway juries and judges. Thats right. Out of about 329 dna examinations more than a quarter involved invalid forensic science. One of the issues here is that unlike dna whiches with developed by scientists for scientists, a lot of the earlier patternbased techniques comparing hair fiber bite marks even tracing bullets to being fired from specific weapons were developed in the lab by Law Enforcement. Srennivasan lets just say, for example if a defense attorney figures out that some of the evidence used in a trial for their client includes testimony from the nbi inspectors what does that mean for them. Does that mean the judge automatically grant a new investigation or retrial . Not necessarily. The fbu has offered to retest in cases where areas were made dna. If dna evidence is available. They have offered to drop procedural bars to post conviction appeals as well. But for states most states make it difficult to challenge old convictions in the absence of dna. Only california and texas have laws that permit it in cases when forensic evidence is recantedxoju undermined by scientific advances. Srennivasan what is the fbi going to do to fix this . They have said that they will do a root cause analysis after all the reviews are completed am again they have offered to retest dna when dna evidence is available and to allow federal cases to be brought. They are agreeing to review scientific testimony and lab results standards to make clear what is erroneous and what is acceptable in 19 other techniques they say they did this for hair in 2012 when our reports surfaced. And they launched this review. The ball now goes to state authorities as well as to the courts to determine if they will change these precedents more rigorously challenge the admissibility of scientific evidence. Srennivasan spencer hsu of the washington post, thanks so much. Thank you. Sreenivasan and now to our signature piece. You no doubt have heard about recent computer attacks against major corporations including target, sony, j. P. Morgan chase, and anthem health. But criminals have also turned their attention to much smaller targets, even individual computer users. Theyre now using software to seize valuable personal data and hold it hostage until a ransom is paid. As the newshours William Brangham reports, tens of thousands of americans have fallen prey to these ransomware attacks. Reporter inna simone is retired a mother and grandmother from russia who now lives outside of boston. Last november, her home computer started acting strangely. My computer was working terribly. It was not working, i mean, it was so slow. Reporter a few days later while searching through her computer files, inna saw dozens of these messages, they were all the same. They read your files are encrypted. To get the key to decrypt them, you have to pay 500. Her exact deadline december her exact deadline december 2 at 12 48 p. M. , was just a few days away. All her files were locked, tax returns, financial papers, letters, even the precious photos of her granddaughter zoe. Inna couldnt open any of them. It says, if you wont pay within one week or whatever your fine will double. If you wont pay by then, all your files will be deleted and you will lose them forever and never will get back. Reporter inna simone, like hundreds of thousands of others had been victimized by whats known as a ransomware attack. Hackers, who Law Enforcement believe come mainly from Eastern Europe or russia, manage to put Malicious Software onto a victims computer, often via an email attachment or a compromised website. That software then allows the hackers to lock up your files, or your entire computer, until you pay them a ransom to give it back. Ransom demands have ranged from a few hundred dollars to several hundred thousand. Justin cappos is a Computer Security expert at new york university. It will actually lock you out of the files, the data, on your computer. So youd be able to use the computer but those files have been encrypted by the attacker with a key that only they possess. Its frustrating because you you know your photos and everything is there and could be accessible to you. But you have no way of being able to get at it because of this encryption that the attackers are using. Reporter inna was panicked. Computer technicians were no help. She didnt want to call the police, her husband at first said dont pay the ransom, but she wanted those files back. In their iransom note, the hackers wanted to be paid in bitcoin, the largely untraceable digital currency, and have it put into their anonymous account. Inna had never heard of bitcoin but the hackers, in one of their many touches of what you might call customer service, provided all sorts of helpful facts and links and howto guides about bitcoin. If you see the ransom note you can see, oh, they try to reassure you about bitcoin. We have got screen shots or here is a link to some kind of a guide that talks you through the whole process, and heres a list of providers with a little kind of yelplike reviews next to each one that kind of explain their strength and weaknesses. Its incredibly sophisticated. Reporter after days of debate, inna decided to pay. She sent a money order to a bitcoin seller, but it was thanksgiving and a huge snowstorm hit boston which meant the check only arrived the afternoon before her deadline. And, in that delay, bitcoins Exchange Rate had changed, and now her check didnt cover the full 500 ransom, it was about 13 short. Her last resort was this bitcoin atm machine in brooklyn, ny, conveniently not far from her daughter alinas apartment. Its very kind of spooky looking a. T. M. It has no buttons. It just had a slot that you feed your money into. Reporter tuesday afternoon, the full ransom was sent to the hackers account. But it was two hours late. Inna added one short message with her payment. I wrote i wish you all will drop dead. Reporter the f. B. I. Doesnt have complete data on how often these attacks occur. Computer security researchers estimate close to a million users have been hit globally during the last year. One tech firm estimates that more than a quarter of victims pay the ransom, which Cyber Security experts discourage because they dont want to encourage more hacking. And its not just individuals who get hit hackers have hit several local police stations. We heard of law firms being targeted. Even the city of detroit had its data held for an 800,000 ransom by hackers. The city didnt pay. When you think of a technology hack, you think of data or files that are being destroyed, or taken, ransomware i learned, doesnt work the way. Reporter last month, terry van zoeren had to learn all about ransomware when his southern new Jersey School district got hit. Hackers compromised the entire districts computer system, causing problems with hard drives throughout the system administrators, those in the classrooms, the computers that processed kids lunch payments, even the standardized tests that were going on when the hack occurred. We had to shut down student testing for a number of days until we got control of the p. C. s. And there were 100s of p. C. s in the district. Reporter van zoeren said the hackers demanded 500 bitcoin which at the time was about 128,000 in ransom. School officials didnt pay. Theres obviously no guarantee paying up gets your data back. Instead, they called the local police. School officials says no student or parent data was stolen, and after a costly, elaborate rebuilding of their network they were able to get back up and running. Nyu Computer Scientist Justin Cappos says hackers go after such seemingly small targets because theyre pretty easy victims often inadvertently download the viruses themselves by clicking on those email attachments. Besides, he says, the risks of getting caught are low, and if you cast a wide enough net, youll get something. When you go fishing, you dont try to catch every fish in the ocean. You only wanna catch some. And if you catch enough of them, then its been a profitable trip for you. Reporter when her mom got hacked, alina simone, whos a journalist by day, did some research into ransomware for a piece she wrote for the New York Times. She says its alarming how organized and easy it is to carry out these kinds of attacks. There are people making viruses, selling viruses. There are distributors whose specialty is distributing viruses. These perpetrators, they dont have to know a line of code. They can just buy a virus and then hire a distributor and send it out. And its kind of just an off the shelf, you know reporter wow. Plug and play corruption. Right. And so thats sort of the scariest thing that, just one person can just unleash all of this chaos and malice on the world with very little effort. Reporter her moms story, however, wasnt over. Inna had paid the hackers 500, but rather than releasing her files as promised, they sent her this message. It said, you did not pay in time for decryption. Remember, shed paid two hours late, now the hackers doubled the ransom to 1,000, gave her another deadline, and said if she missed this one, theyd delete everything. If you wont pay by then, all your files are gone forever. Reporter using a message board the hackers provided another customerfriendly touch, inna pleaded with the people shed previously told to idrop dead we had a snowstorm, it was a holiday and lastly i am only two hours late so first i sent them about all these obstacles and the fact that i was only two hours late and this is really harsh. Reporter did this feel strange that youre trying to communicate to a group of criminals, who knows where they are in the world, saying you dont understand, the post office, the snow, thanksgiving, the long weekend i mean you mustve felt but what else . I mean, this is the only option. Its either this or nothing. Reporter you didnt think it would work. Absolutely not. Reporter but later that day the hackers released her files in full. Sreenivasan what can you do to protect yourself from being hacked . Watch our video guide on facebook at facebook. Com newshour. Sreenivasan this past week was the 70th anniversary of the liberation of the bergenbelsen concentration camp in germany where an estimated 50,000 people died. Among its victims anne frank. To mark the anniversary i. T. V. s neil connery caught up with one of her childhood friends, who was reunited with anne in the camp shortly before anne died. I was the last friend schoolmate of anne frack to see her. Nanette konig will never forget the last time she saw anne frack amid the horror of the holocaust a bitter sweat reunion for two girls just 15. She was only a skeleton. There was nothing left of her nothing. I even wonder sometimes how could two skeletons have recognized one another. Because both of us were just you know we were both starved to death. Nanette watched anne receive the diary at a birthday party. She recalls anne determination in the camp that its story detailing her life in hiding from the nazis would live on. She told me that she had continued to write the book and that she would like to publish the book after the war. 70 years ago british troops helped to liberate where more than 70,000 people died during the holocaust. Aichbe frack lost her life shortly before the camp was liberated. I cant remember whether we cried or not. We just fell into one anothers arms. We hugged one another. We were, you know it was very difficult. We just sort of held on to one another i guess. Srennivasan for more news before we leave you tonight hundreds gathered today in Oklahoma City to could them rate the 20th anniversary of the bombing of the Alfred P Murrow Federal Building there 168 people including 19 children were killed in what was the deadliest act of domestic terrorism in the nations history. And oncologists say a new blood test has proven reliable diagnosing several types of cancer according to the New York Times. The test called a liquid biopsy alternative to a traditional by op is biopsy predicted occurrences 3 months before sntsable on a ct scan. Thats it. Join us tonight online and tomorrow. Im hari sreenivasan. Good night. Captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by Media Access Group at wgbh access. Wgbh. Org pbs newshour weekend is made possible by Corporate Funding is provided by mutual of america designing customized individual and Group Retirement products. Thats why we are your retirement company. Additional support is provided by and by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Narrator for 200,000 years, man has inhabited the planet. Explore our past discover our future. On digging into the future, with joseph rosendo. Architectural marvels, cultural experiences on todays archeological adventure to armenia. Joe digging into the future armenia is made possible by the armenian general Benevolent Union the Worlds Largest armenian Nonprofit Organization reaching over 500,000 individuals in 30 countries. Committed to empowering the Global Community by promoting educational, cultural, and humanitarian programs. And. The Kazanjian Foundation supporting scientific, cult

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