Transcripts For KQED PBS NewsHour 20170329

Flocculant glop that looks like guacamole and smells like crap. Thats not just an environmental problem. Thats an economic catastrophe for the area. Woodruff all that and more on tonights pbs newshour. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by moving our economy for 160 years. Bnsf, the engine that connects us. Our tradition has been to take care of mother earth, because its that that gives us water, gives us life. The land is here for everyone. Supporting social entrepreneurs and their solutions to the worlds most pressing problems skollfoundation. Org. The lemelson foundation. Committed to improving lives through invention. In the u. S. And developing countries. On the web at lemelson. Org. Supported by the john d. And catherine t. Macarthur foundation. Committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. More information at macfound. Org and with the ongoing support of these institutions this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Woodruff the clock is ticking tonight on britains withdrawal from the European Union. London got things started today, nine months after the british people voted to quit the political and economic bloc. Chief Foreign Affairs correspondent Margaret Warner begins our coverage. In accordance with the wishes of the british people, the United Kingdom is leaving the European Union. Warner with that, the British Government formally launched the process. First, britains ambassador to the European Union delivered official notice to its president in brussels. Then, Prime Minister theresa may addressed parliament. This is an historic moment from which there can be no turning back. Britain is leaving the European Union. We are going to make our own decisions and our own laws. Warner reaction on the street was as mixed today as it was in last junes referendum which passed 52 to 48 . I said to my wife, all i want to do before i die is see my country free of the shackles of europe. Mostly it was older people warner but the European Council president , donald tusk, lamented the occasion. There is no reason to pretend that this is a happy day, neither in brussels nor in london. Warner thenPrime Minister David Cameron called last years brexit referendum, hoping it would fail, and boost his conservative partys prospects in the next general election. But after the surprise result, cameron stepped down, leaving its execution to may. The u. K. Has two years to hammer out specific terms of its withdrawal from the 27nation bloc. Facetoface talks arent expected to get underway until late may. The negotiations promise to be tough. British finance minister Philip Hammond said there have already been informal talks. Im confident, as weve explored over the last nine months with our e. U. Partners, that we have a sufficient meeting of minds on this issue that we will be able to reach a deal that will work for us and work for them. Warner as for the u. S. , thencandidate donald trump praised brexit. Today, his white house spokesman commented. Whatever future the u. K. E. U. Relationship looks like, we want the u. K. To remain a strong leader in europe. Warner for the pbs newshour, im Margaret Warner. Woodruff well hear from the British Ambassador to washington, right after the news summary. In the days other news, the u. S. Military announced its review of a disputed air strike in iraq is now a formal investigation. Local officials in mosul say the march 17th strike killed at least 100 civilians. Today, the top american commander for the middle east, general joseph votel, appeared at a house hearing. He said the investigation will examine a number of factors. This was a very dynamic situation, so this wasnt a deliberate target or anything else. This was an evolving combat situation, so well take a look at the intelligence that was provided to us by the iraqis that we had. We will look at the enemys reaction here and well try to understand exactly their role in this. Woodruff votel also said the Islamic State is using human shields in mosul, in a bid to exploit american concerns about killing civilians. Still, President Trump told lawmakers last night we are doing really well in iraq. China and the European Union today stood by their commitments to the paris accord on climate change. That follows President Trumps actions aimed at rolling back the push for deep cuts in u. S. Greenhouse gas emissions. In beijing, a Chinese Foreign Ministry Spokesman said his government is not changing its stance. translated we still believe the Paris Agreement was hard won. The international community, including china and the United States made positive contributions. All sides should move with the times, grasp the opportunities, fulfill their promises and earnestly take proactive steps to jointly push the enforcement of this agreement. Woodruff meanwhile, the European Union voiced regret about President Trumps move. President trump formally launched a new commission on opioid abuse today. He heard from recovering addicts and others. The group included new jersey governor chris christie, who will chair the commission. Meanwhile, in newark, two former aides to christie were sentenced to prison for causing huge traffic jams on a major bridge. It was aimed at a democratic mayor whod refused to endorse christie. The president s daughter ivanka said today she will serve as an unpaid federal employee. In a statement, she said shes taking that step to address ethics questions raised after an earlier announcement that shed be an informal adviser to her father, with an office in the white house. As a federal employee, shes obliged to comply with government ethics rules. And on wall street, Energy Stocks were up, banks were down, and the indexes were mixed. The Dow Jones Industrial average lost 42 points to close at 20,659. The nasdaq rose 22 points, and the s p 500 added two. Still to come on the newshour brexit officially begins. I speak with the u. K. s ambassador to the u. S. The uncertain prospects of finding Common Ground in congress. Horrific conditions in bangladeshs leather tanneries, and much more. Woodruff now, we return to brexit, and great britains official move today to begin the process of leaving the European Union. I spoke a short time ago with the British Ambassador to the United States, sir kim darroch, and began by asking if he thinks the head of the European Union, donald tusk, was right when he said this is not a happy day in london or brussels. I wouldnt put it like that, judy. This was a clear democratic decision by the british people, 52 to 48 on that famous day june 23 last year, and its now about delivering what the british people asked for. So for me its an outcome of democracy, its a decision and we now need to get the best possible deal for the british people. Woodruff so when mr. Tusk says its not a win for either side, that its more about damage control, how would you describe it . Well, i think its an opportunity for us to establish as the Prime Minister said today a deep and lasting and Serious Partnership with the European Union which covers security issues, Economic Issues and has at its heart a new comprehensive Free Trade Agreement which will be a huge benefit to both sides of the negotiations, both to the u. K. And to the European Union. Woodruff i want to ask you about the Prime Ministers letter to mr. Tusk today to the European Union. She referenced rising protectionist instirveghts around the world, security worries across europe, she talked about weakening our cooperation would be a costly mistake. That seems to contradict the very idea of leaving. Why leave the union if these are concerns . Well, the the british people wanted to leave the European Union for a number of reasons people will be analyzing for some time to come, but i think regaining control of our borders and restoring the full sovereignty of the British Parliament were big parts in that decision. The point about the proposition in the Prime Ministers letter is committed free trade and people who believe in open markets, we think we can have a comprehensive free trade arrangement with the European Union that will be a great benefit to both sides. It doesnt have to be loselose. It within winwin. Woodruff the Prime Minister, also, a couple of points in the letter she referred to what she called a deep and special partnership that print desires with the e. U. ,etter to turn that question around, why would the e. U. Want a special partnership with a country who said we want the to part of you . We didnt say that. We said were leaving in European Union because thats the decision the british people took but were not leaving europe. Were part of europe geographically and will continue to be part to have europes future in terms of the challenges it faces, security, Economic Development and so on. Look, were the sixth biggest economy in the world and a huge market for the European Union to send its manufactured goods, its products into, and i believe they will find it very much in their interest to allow the freest possible access for all those exports. Woodruff i think people want to understand how this new relationship is going to work, and the Prime Minister today again in the letter spoke of a bold and ambitious and, in her words, fair trade agreement between the u. K. And the e. U. How is that going to be different from the current relationship . Well, as she also has said in parliament today, while we are missing the market, we are part of the body that makes the rules of the single market, decisions about regulation and that kind of thing. We accept that, as we leave the single market, well no longer be in that position, but that doesnt stop us having access as full access as we can negotiate for both sides for them into the u. K. And for us into europe for our goods and services, so thats the objective. Woodruff how worried are you and others in the leadership of the British Government about the Economic Cost to great britain, jobs being moved out of the country, Companies Moving out, businesses, employers . I mean, so far, since the decision of 23 june last year, actually the british economy has thrived, and we have the second highest growth rate in the g7 last year and is looking good again this year. Weve had one to have the strongest economies amongst the major countries for some time, now. So im ca confident about the future, and i think that, if we can achieve the sort of objectives the Prime Ministers set out, it can be to our benefit and to europes benefit as well. Conversely, you know, if we were to get the kind of free trade arrangements that we enjoy now and hope to get to the Free Trade Agreement in the future, it would damage both sides. I dont see the sense in arriving at an outcome that is damaging to both sides. So im hopeful about progress. Woodruff finally, let me ask you about the comment from sean spicer today, white house secretary. He said whatever the future the u. K. E. U. Relationship looks like, he said we want the u. K. To continue to be a strong leader in europe. Is that possible under these circumstances . We are, apart from being a very open economy, a great leader in free trade and also engagement all over the world, we have our military in countries all over the world and are taking action against daesh in iraq and syria and libya and thats all going to continue and maybe etch more in the future, so i think everything points to us continuing to be Big International players and very strong allies for the United States. Woodruff sir kim darroch, British Ambassador to the United States. Thank you very much. Thank you. Woodruff back on this side of the atlantic, the political spotlight was on a fight that could very well stretch into of Supreme Court nominee neil gorsuch. The republican and Democratic Leaders in the senate today stood their ground so when we hear our democratic colleagues talking about breaking long standing precedent by mounting the first ever purely partisan filibuster to try to defeat his nomination, we can only assume one thing. This isnt about the nominee at all. And if judge gorsuch fails to earn 60 votes, and fails to demonstrate that he is mainstream enough to sit on the highest court, we should change the nominee not the rules. The republicans are the ones making the choice to go nuclear. Woodruff for more on this, the fallout from the failed Obamacare Repeal and replace push, and the drama over the congressional probes into President Trumps associates, and their possible ties with moscow, we turn to karine jean pierre, a Senior Adviser for moveon. Org. And matt schlapp. Hes chair of the american conservative union. And welcome back to poet of to both of you to the program. Karine jeanpierre, youve listened to the senators and know whats going on, what does it look like the Gorsuch Nomination is going toward . Truer words couldnt be spoken by Mitch Mcconnell. Hes absolutely right. We are if a this country, our democracy, is being certainly threatened, i should say, and we have a president whos under investigation well, his associates are under investigation, and until that is cleared up, we should figure out whats going on and get to the bottom of it. We should not be allowing a lifetime appointment to the Supreme Court justice. I totally agree. Its not just about the nominee, its about where we are as a country. Woodruff im sorry to interrupt. Matt, it sounds like leader mcconnell is not prepared to slow this thing down. Not at all. Neil gorsuch is going to be on the Supreme Court. Everybody knows it. The question is do they mount this filibuster and do the rules of the senate have to be changed to get him on the court . I predict they wont have to change the rules to get him on the court. Hell get over 50 votes. Woodruff youre saying some democrats will come on board . I think or they wont choose to mount a filibuster. Modern times they dont use filibuster against Supreme Court nominees. This is quite a precedent. It plays into what harry reid did in not allowing the 60 vote threshold for nominees of president barack obama. Whats happening in the senate is its turning into something more like the house that it takes a majority vote to get people threw. As a conservative, im just fine with that. Woodruff it would be a much more partisan place if that happens, right . Right. I think, if Mitch Mcconnell brings gorsuch to the floor and he cant get to 60 votes, hey, there is another nominee named Merrick Garland who waited 293 days he did. Republicans didnt have any problem with that. This seat has been open for over a year. Why can we not wait to see where this election goes . I think because it has nothing to do with the investigation. It has to do with the fact that that opening which was the swing seat happened in relative proximity to the election, and the republicans made the case that we should make that de we shouldnt make that decision on the swing justice until the election was decided. The election was decided and donald trump has picked somebody who we have to all admit performed very well during the hearings and the democrats i talked to said it would have helped our cause if he seemed to be less sure footed. Merrick garland was a consensus candidate. So is neil gorsuch. No, hes not. He never answered questions on how he voted on questions of womens rights and lgbt rights. He said what mattered was the blackletter law. Woodruff we wont resolve this, this week. We may go at it again. The intelligence committee, chairman devin nunes, a lot overcontroversy questions about whether he can be a credible leader for that investigation. Where do you see that going . Today, he and other republicans in the house and even those in the senate are saying this is going to stay as it is. My hats off to democrats. Theyre doing a good job to try to make it about devin nunes and the judgments hes made as chairman. Ive talked to the chairman and his teams in the last days and weeks and the information he believes hes uncovered does not relate to russia. The reason he went to the white house does not relate to russia, but it does relate to the fact that ehes got more witnesses who have come forward to say that during the ending days of the Obama Administration or ending weeks and months that there was more surveillance that captured more conversations of team trump. This is all going to come out, were going to see it publicly and the American People will be faced with the question about is this surveillance power that a president has, is it too broad. Woodruff this sounds like something thats just going to get bigger. Definitely going to get bigger. Historically both the house and the senate when it comes to the intelligence committee, it behaves above board outside of politics, which is the beauty of these two committees, but we havent seen that from this chair. He continuously does things thats troubling, and im not just saying this as a progressive. He had senator mccain say, hey, his behavior last week was troubling, that you cannot trust whats going on. Theyve lost their credibility, the house intel committee. Good old senator mccain, you can always count on him to criticize his own team. Hes pretty credible as well. Woodruff two other things, karine, health care, the attempt to repeal and replace didnt come up for a vote. Republicans seemed to have regrouped, do you think democrats are prepared to work with the president on this . What do you say . I cant imagine thats going to happen and ill tell you why, what they put forth 20 days ago was very draconian. It was pretty unbelievable they had seven years and this is what they came up with, a bill that took Health Care Away from tens of millions of people, raised costs for the most vulnerable including seniors, and so i cant imagine what are theyre going to come up with, why should we trust them when they had years to come up with something that would be appeasing, or just work with the democrats and say, hey, we know obamacare needs fixing, lets work with you. Woodruff where do you see it going . You made a lot of good points there. We did run around the country for six or seven years and said obamacare is an abomination and we have a replacement that looks bad, when we have a first attempt for repeal and replace couldnt get the votes. When you have a mandate in obamacare that says you must get Health Insurance and when you take the minimum date away, there will be people when theres freedom, people will make that choice. Woodruff do you think the republicans will try again. I do. They realize we cannot incredibly go back to the voters next november without having a real vigorous replacement of obamacare. Woodruff in less than 30 seconds the announcement by the president s daughter, matt and karine, that she will be an unpaid federal Government Employee with an office in the white house. We now have the president s daughter and soninlaw with offices in the west wing. Unusual. What should we its unusual, lets all be honest, unconventional. Heres what ive learned in working for a president , president s will seek out the advice they feel like they need to make the tough calls and i think its clear with President Trump, his family is very important to him as he determines positions on issues and its very candid he wants her near him to talk about these things. I think it plays into the story of nepotism and what are the ethics around all of this. Its troubling. I think its incredibly troubling and it will be problematic. Her lawyer is a democrat, theres no legal question, but there is a question about the politics. The optics are certainly bad. The reason we havent heard what her position will be is because they were responding to watchdogs saying this doesnt look gould. Woodruff she says she will be a formal Government Employee subject to ethics rules. And shes a democrats. For all the democrats complaining you might like the fact shes in there. I think shes an enabler. Woodruff thank you both karine jeanpierre, matt schlapp. Thank you so much, judy. Woodruff nearly four years ago, an industrial building in bangladesh collapsed, killing more than 1,100 people, highlighting the dangers faced by workers in the textile industry. Whats much less known are the conditions in the Leather Industry there, where workers are exposed to toxic chemicals, and the waste has created one of the worlds dirtiest sites. Producer justin kenny and photojournalist larry price traveled to the countrys capital, dhaka, for an inside look. The report was produced in partnership with the Pulitzer Center on crisis reporting. Hari sreenivasan narrates. Sreenivasan setting foot in the hazaribagh neighborhood is an assault on the senses. The scene is seemingly post apocalyptic. The stench overwhelming and almost vomit inducing. A combination of garbage, human waste, rotting animal hides and toxic chemicals. The source of those hides and chemicals are tanneries like these hundreds of them packed into two square miles. The facilities are often dark and suffocating. Workers rarely wear protective gear, and it doesnt take long to find children toiling away in dangerous conditions. Our team found this 10yearold boy working in plain site, despite the fact that bangladesh prohibits work by anyone under 18 at a tannery. The children are doing the most dangerous and most hazardous types of work thats possible in the tanneries, just like the adults. The children are in the pits working with chemicals, in essentially vats full of acid. Sreenivasan Richard Pearshouse of Human Rights Watch has made regular visits to hazaribagh and was the lead author of a 2012 report on the district. Each time i would spend a period of time in hazaribagh, i would fall sick with some of the illnesses i was witnessing in the people who were living there and working there. Its hard to overstate how polluted hazaribagh is. Its a residential area, where tens of thousands of people are living, but its a cluster of about 200 leather tanneries who are operating sometimes 24 hours a day with huge amounts of hazardous chemicals. Sreenivasan the Bangladeshi Government has acknowledged that 21,000 cubic meters of untreated tannery wastewater is dumped every day into the Buriganga River that runs through dhaka, one of the worlds most densely populated cities. We were granted permission to visit inside six tanneries t0 see firsthand what conditions were like. Unlike workers here in the u. S. , the Dhaka Tannery workers wore no gloves, goggles, respirator masks, or boots. At some locations, they were found inside vats filled with chemicals. And there was no decontamination process. Many simply washed chemicals off their body with a bucket of water. The tanneries should not operate in this fashion. Sreenivasan Alexander Van geen is a geochemist at Columbia University who has worked on groundwater issues in bangladesh. The workers in the tanneries are exposed to levels of chemicals, chromium and others, that are not acceptable and are avoidable. Action is certainly needed. Sreenivasan that Chemical Exposure is leading to both short and long term medical conditions says doctor Mir Masudur Rhaman who treats tannery workers. Lung disease, mainly asthma, bronchitis, lung cancer. Urine bladder cancer, reproductive tract infection and also other diseases like stomach discomfort or gastroenteritis. Sreenivasan whats surprising is that many workers are left in the dark about chemicals they are exposed to. This man is in his 50s and says hes worked in the industry for 20 years. Are you aware of the dangerous chemicals being used in tanneries of dhaka . translated no i am not awarof them. Sreenivasan do you take protection while working . translated no. Sreenivasan he and other workers we spoke to said they were happy to have a job in a country where 40 of the population lives on less than a 1. 25 a day. But its not just the workers who are exposed in hazariabagh tens of thousands of residents including small children who play in the tanneries dumping grounds encounter the chemicals in tannery wastewater, released untreated through spouts straight into neighborhood streams. That combination of heavy chemically intensive industry in essentially a densely packed residential environment makes for a toxic mix. Sreenivasan despite being more than 7,000 miles from the United States, your connection to hazaribaghs nearly one billion dollar a year Leather Industry could be as close as your feet, back pocket or waist. How can you tell . Well, often times you cant. Consumers have no way of knowing. Sreenivasan heather white, now a documentary film director and producer, spent decades helping major brands source their products in an ethically and environmentally responsible way. She says that the supply chain in bangladesh and other developing nations is often tainted by abusers of environmental and labor standards. Its completely Mission Impossible for customs inspectors, for consumers for people who want to know transparently what went on in the production of the end product because the subcontractors, invoices, shipping documents, they dont travel with the shipment. Brands could completely require it. But the brands basically have no incentive to do so because they profit from the fact that a lot of the stuff is hidden and consumers arent going to know about it. Sreenivasan perhaps even more surprising for American Consumers is that the country of origin made in labels frequently dont reveal the nation or region where source materials for goods come from. So far example, it could primarily sourced from asia but if the finishing was done in a factory in italy its going to come into the u. S. With a made in italy or a made in europe label. Sreenivasan white and others attribute the Economic Growth of bangladeshs Leather Industry to a lack of enforcement of local laws. Child labor, lack of protective equipment for workers and the dumping of untreated wastewater are all illegal in the country but industry still operates in the neighborhood. Most of the tanneries have yet to abide by a 15yearold Bangladesh High Court order requiring them to relocate to an Industrial Area on the outskirts of dhaka with a common Wastewater Treatment plant. The plant is not complete. And the tanneries have been slow to rebuild operations there. Some tannery owners say they dont want to move because of the cost. Earlier this month, the High Court Ruled again on the issue and ordered the government to cut power, gas and water to the tanneries. The order was upheld by the countrys Supreme Court days later. But the tanneries are still operating. The government is playing a game where they say, the tanneries are on the verge of moving. We cant enforce our laws until they move. and what that decision not to enforce the laws means is that the health of the workers and the local residents continues to suffer. Sreenivasan its still unclear whether the government will act and if hazaribagh will this time finally see change or more pollution. Woodruff for the record, we asked the Bangladesh Embassy in washington repeatedly for comment. But they declined. Woodruff how the efforts to treat, diagnose and possibly find a cure to postTraumatic Stress disorder. One in five military personel serving in combat will suffer some form of post Traumatic Stress disorder p. T. S. D. But it often goes untreated because of the stigma associated with the disorder. Tonight, special correspondent Soledad Obrien begins our series, war on the brain. Almost every day at some point i would relive the i. E. D. Attack. It was like i couldnt turn my mind off, like i was being flooded, like a cyber attack or something. Reliving that explosion like a broken record, it just kept playing and i couldnt stop it. I remember i was driving and i opened my window and i turned my radio up and i got it to stop. It was, like it left an imprint on me, and i didnt even know where it came from. Reporter army colonel greg gadson was blown out of his passengers seat by a roadside bomb. He was in baghdad. 2007. His physical injuries were so severe, doctors assumed he would suffer from post Traumatic Stress disorder. But he was too embarrassed to accept it. Why did you find it so hard to really believe that you had postTraumatic Stress . It was not something that i could identify with. You know, as an athlete, as a, as an officer, as a leader, were trained to, to override pain, to override doubt. Reporter both his legs were amputated above the knee. He had permanent nerve damage, limited function in his right arm. Gadson underwent 22 surgeries. He was in rehabilitation for 18 months. His abilities greatly diminished from his college glory days trying to get off the pass and down he will go. Great defense by greg gadson, number 98 of chesapeake, virginia. Reporter played football at the u. S. Military academy at west point. A cocaptain and outside linebacker, powering through was in his d. N. A. Greg gadson right here by his speed or by his size, but hes got terrific football instincts. Reporter youre a football player, youre a leader, i mean were all these sort of almost stereotypes, right, of like the tough guy in all capital letters. And you could say macho reporter yeah okay, ill say macho. I mean, how much did your reluctance to get help was that this macho stereotype was kind of gonna stand in the way of that . Probably 100 of it. I mean, every tough challenge in my life, i fought through and thats what i and so i was committed to fighting through it again, and without help. Reporter i was very surprised that of the one in five who get diagnosed with postTraumatic Stress disorder, like half of them dont get treatment. Right. Reporter a massive number, just do what you did. Right. Up here. Reporter stigma surrounding post Traumatic Stress disorder sometimes discourages vets from seeking treatment. Good boy. Yeah. Reporter the v. A. s chief Mental Health consultant is dr. Harold kudler the most important thing to remove the stigma from p. T. S. D. Is for people to talk about it. But in talking about it not fall into the stereotypes. For people who have p. T. S. D. , theyre at risk for depression, for substance abuse, theyre at high risk for suicide. Largely because of the nature of p. T. S. D. , to think about the world and yourself in negative terms. And this idea that nothing could ever go right. Reporter to get to the heart of how stigma hinders treatment, we assembled a panel of veterans who struggle with p. T. S. D. With assistance from the military Service Initiative of the bush institute. They help to reintegrate returning veterans. Do you think being visibly wounded made it easier to have postTraumatic Stress . Definitely. Absolutely. Reporter really . Reporter army sgt. Dewitt osborne received the purple heart for service in iraq i think its more acceptable when you have visible wounds. Reporter it would make sense to us. Itd made sense, alright. Ours is hidden. Doesnt mean we dont suffer as much, but its hidden. Reporter Kevin Rosenblum served five years in the u. S. Army as an infantry officer. As an officer, as a leader, the the pressure both internal and external to be infallible, to be strong at all times and never show weakness, was there, and i, i didnt want to let my, let my soldiers down. Reporter in his first deployment to iraq his unit came under fire. He received treatment for the shrapnel in his right leg but not for his post Traumatic Stress disorder. I saw a doctor when i got out, as everybody does. And just talked through some things. And hes like, yeah i think you have post Traumatic Stress. Reporter what was your reaction . I guess i just minimized it in my mind. And thought that this is the toll of service in war. Reporter special agent drew barnett, who served with navy seals in afghanistan refused to believe that he had p. T. S. D. During my early training in the navy, one of our instructors particular training event said, you know hey guys, its better to die than look stupid, just make sure you dont do both. And in thinking about that, that is a lot of the mindset that we have is we dont one look weak or we dont want to be someone who is not dependable. Reporter an then there is Maya Marshall part of the 15 of Service Members who are women. She left the army as a sergeant after five years. Shame, she says, kept her from getting help for her symptoms. It came from combat yes, but ok youve only been to combat one time, youve only been in the service for this long. I felt that they would be like okay, youre a female, just get your feelings out of it, and just toughen up. Reporter so, you thought maybe you didnt deserve it . Yes. Reporter you hadnt seen enough combat, you hadnt been in long enough, youre a girl yes. Maybe it is my emotions, a lot of times i did say okay well maybe it is my emotions, maybe i do just need to push those aside and just toughen up and just move forward and drive on. Reporter photography is gadsons passion and therapy. He uses the chair more often than his prosthetics so he can have the freedom to capture his pictures. You never use the word disorder or the d in disorder, why not . Well, d for me is a its a negative label that doesnt need to be attached and you know the face postTraumatic Stress are those that wear the uniform, less than one percent of our population. And so that word can be associated and labeled with all, when we all have some level of postTraumatic Stress. Does it make us, does it make us dysfunctional . For most of us, i would say not. Reporter gadson pushed back hard against his diagnosis, until his wife, kim intervened. He threw a number of Mental Health professionals out of his room when he was in walter reed. Reporter just kicked them out . Just kicked them out, or just chewed them up and spit them out like they were nothing. Reporter what do you think has helped him accept a p. T. S. Diagnosis and that he actually needs help . I think the fact that it stays with him. It stays with him, hes gotten treatment, hes working at moving forward on his life, hes doing a lot of great things but every so often theres an episode theres something he realizes, i cant always control this so i have to keep working at it. Reporter gadsons made progress. Despite his injuries, he cycles and occasionally downhill skis. He tours the country making dozens of motivational speeches hi tracy, greg gadson. Reporter to soldiers and civilians. Ladies and gentlemen, please help me welcome colonel greg gadson. Reporter part of his message dont let shame get in the way of getting help. For veterans, what i want to say is look were always out there for each other but you have got to take the first step. Youve got to display the courage; the courage that in some cases that you have displayed in your entire military career to go get help. Reporter for the pbs newshour, im Soledad Obrien in alexandria, virginia. Woodruff tomorrow our series continues with a look at the challenges diagnosing p. T. S. D. Woodruff billions of dollars have been spent trying to restore the florida everglades. But there are concerns the project is not working as planned. Special correspondent Duarte Geraldino reports for our weekly report on the leading edge of science. This is the Microbial Community that forms the basis of the food web of the everglades. Reporter scientist Evelyn Gaiser has spent her entire adult life getting her feet wet, studying the microscopic animals and plants living in the florida everglades. Theres so many different types of habitats that occur in it. Theres so many different ways that water flows through it, both above ground and below ground. Reporter that complexity hides a lot of secrets gaiser runs the coastal everglades Ecological Research program. She and her students have found previously unknown life forms here. They have not been discovered in science so my students actively name the species. Reporter this incredibly rare and biodiverse habitat is also critical to the survival of birds, reptiles and ultimately millions of people. It is our real life blood, not only for the organisms we see here but for us as well. Its our source of fresh Drinking Water, of the Potable Water we use and the water we irrigate our farm fields with. Reporter over the last century, the natural footprint of the everglades was reduced by almost half to make room for roads, homes and farms. To do that, swampland had to be drained and fresh water was channeled out to the coasts, leaving the Southern Region vulnerable to rising sea water encroachment. The salt water is creeping in. Reporter so youre saltwater. Im fresh water. Thats right. Theres that kind of push, pull in the wet and dry season that would happen naturally. When you dont have enough fresh water moving in, the salt water is just gonna move in, in, in, in. Reporter and rising sea levels, accelerated by global warming, mean forests of mangroves are moving far inland, killing off the natural habitat. In 2000, federal lawmakers implemented an ambitious plan to restore the original essence of the everglades. After decades of commercial and agricultural development, the u. S. Government was in effect trying to broker a deal between development and nature. But nature is fighting back. Humbling engineers and threatening the Drinking Water of roughly eight million people. What you see behind you is a water control structure thats going to manage the water. Reporter Howard Gonzalez is the engineer in charge of implementing the plan, which is officially called the comprehensive everglades restoration plan, or cerp. Its a plan designed to build canals, bridges and reservoirs to ensure ample Drinking Water, protect communities from flooding, and to cleanand control water flow to the southern everglades. When it was signed into law, it contained 68 different components at a cost of 8 billion. That price tag has now more than doubled and not a single project is complete yet. Part of the problem is theres is still so much about the everglades we dont understand. The science has evolved, and we continue to adaptively manage our program to meet those new science understandings. Reporter and yet, gonzalez says the projects are still proceeding according to the original timetable. We have nine projects under construction that we have at least six of our Foundation Projects started back in the mid90s that are nearing completion. When you look at those in total, it shows were making great progress. Reporter the tamiami highway is one example of that progress. For nearly 90 years it acted like a dam, preventing fresh water from flowing south to the Everglades National park. Last year the army corps of engineers elevated a onemile section of the road and is currently working to raise two more miles so water can flow more freely. And the state has also built some stormwater treatment areas, which use plants to scrub clean agricultural water before it flows into the everglades. But journalist michael grunwald, author of the the swamp the everglades, florida and the politics of paradise says the plan has not accomplished its main goal the real thrust of cerp is supposed to be about storing water. Were 17 years in and they still havent built any storage. Reporter no storage . They havent built any storage. They arent planning to build enough storage. And theres no plan b. Reporter right now the main place to store water is lake okeechoebee. But when water levels get too high, managers are forced to release the untreated water, sending it out to the east and west coasts. Last summer that dirty water caused unprecedented algae blooms on floridas lakes and coastlines. It was so bad governor rick scott declared a state of emergency. Its covered in this flocculant glop that looks like guacamole and smells like crap. Thats not just an environmental problem. Thats an economic catastrophe for the area. Reporter is this Mother Nature fighting back . Mother nature gets the last word. Reporter about the only thing as complex as the Science Associated with the everglades is its politics. There is big money, especially sugar money attached to these lands. Its a 2. 5 billion of economic activity. Reporter billion with a b. Billion with a b just in palm beach county. Reporter Paul Orsenigo farms lettuce, vegetables and sugarcane near belle glade. Thats the fertile area south of lake okechobee that was once part of the everglades. Weve been blessed with some of the best soil types in the whole world which makes us a productive, Successful Society and nation. Reporter but farms like orsenigos may become part of the storage solution. To prevent another toxic algae bloom, a group of state lawmakers is proposing the restoration timetable be sped up and that farmers give up their land so a 60,000 acre reservoir can be built years ahead of the original cerp schedule. The price tag is 2. 4 billion. I think there are Better Solutions than buying and taking more productive farmland. We have about 85 employees here. Reporter stephen beasore owns a farm and Vegetable Processing plant. Every time that Agricultural Land has been taken out of production, it gets a lot more challenging for my familys operation. Reporter he employs up to 1,000 people at peak season. If you take agriculture out of here, youre basically just wiping all these jobs out and theres nothing to come in and replace it. Reporter he says florida farmers have already given up 100,000 acres of land that was used to reestablish wetlands. And they shouldnt be asked to give more for a system that is still not fully understood. Steve davis, an ecologist with the Everglades Foundation is sympathetic to the loss of farm jobs, but warns the state will take an even bigger economic hit if the problem is not fixed. Were a touristbased economy in florida. If people are canceling their vacation trip to these coastal areas, restaurants, hotels, a much larger sector of our economy is being affected. Reporter he says the science is clear more fresh water has to be stored and channeled south. This is the mix of habitats you would find in more of a restored or natural area of the everglades. Reporter he took us deep into the marsh, where alligators are king, to show us how if, given the right conditions, this incredibly rare system can heal itself. Its almost like your immune system. If you get a viral infection, your body has a tendency to fight it off, and will continue to fight it off as long as it can. The resilience of the everglades is very similar to that. We see the system improves under marginal conditions. If we can only restore that flow of fresh water back to the south, we know that well see a significant boost in the health of the system. Reporter a system that is critical to the biological and Economic Health of the entire state of florida. From the everglades, im Duarte Geraldino for the pbs newshour. Woodruff each year the library of Congress Selects 25 examples of sound that are culturally, historically or aesthetically significant to add to the National Recording registry. This time, it includes work ranging from Richard Pryor to heres librarian of Congress Carla Hayden to explain this years sounds of america. The registry is the library of congresss tribute to significant sound recordings. Not only music but actually sound of significant events. The recordings that are selected this year and also the over 400 recordings that have been selected for the registry over the years are all preserved and made available at the library of congress culpeper facility, the packard center. The packard facility curates and also preserves over four million items and more are coming. Fact that theres a combination of comedy, you have Richard Pryor. You have jazz, wes montgomery. You have a recording that goes back to 1888 that really captures what sound recording was at that time. Demonstrating we have to preserve what we hear. Baseball is one of those universal American Experiences and so many people share time and space and stadiums and they also shared it, as my grandfather did, listening on the radio. Its a great uniter. What the selection is meant to represent each year is the variety of sound recording and the differences in different genres. Straight outta compton was performed by a seminal rap group, n. W. A. It was heralded as a song and a group that made a difference in terms of that genre being taken seriously. Judy garland, over the rainbow. I was surprised that it hadnt been selected already. I dont think there are many people that havent looked at either the film or listened to that song and thought about judy garland singing it. David bowie really exemplified evolution in performance and when judy collins recorded Amazing Grace in 1970 it was an song and a symbol of forgiveness, of striving, and just emotional and spiritual depth for any group and in so renee fleming, in terms of opera, of course is someone who has made such a difference. Music in particular, can unite so many people and that we are all joined by the sound of life. Woodruff and thats the newshour for tonight. Im judy woodruff. For all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and see you soon. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by its hard not to feel pride as a citizen of this country when were in a place like this. Supported by the rockefeller foundation. Promoting the wellbeing of humanity around the world by building resilience and inclusive economies. More at rockefellerfoundation. Org and with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals. This program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by Media Access Group at wgbh access. Wgbh. Org charlie welcome to the program. We begin this evening looking to the questions about russian hacking in washington and talk to the Washington Post reporter karoun demirjian. Is there a smoking gun or something to substantiate the allegations or is this all as democrats said they dont believe is this coincidence or something real. Charlie and we continue with a conversation about a book that is getting a lot of praise its called the rules do not apply a memoir. The author joins us her name is ariel levy. Its a universal coming of age story though theres mongolia and things that wont happen to people but we