Transcripts For KQED PBS NewsHour 20161010

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Sreenivasan 29 days to go till the election its the day after debate number 2 and donald trump is scrambling to save his president ial bid. But, the fallout from his lewd remarks about women cost him again today. Lisa desjardin reports. Reporter he is the highest ranking republican in the nation, and today, House Speaker paul ryan drew a hard line with his partys nominee he wont defend donald trump, and Wont Campaign for him, either. A spokeswoman for ryan told the newshour the speaker is going to spend the next month focused entirely on protecting our congressional majorities. But ryan is still on the record endorsing trump. About that, his spokeswoman said there is no update in his position. All this, three days after the Washington Post posted video of trump in 2005 using lewd language and bragging about making unwanted sexual advances on women. In last nights debate, trump again apologized for the remarks but mainly argued that his words were simple bravado. It was locker room talk. Reporter today trump, in turn, took to twitter, to lash out at the speaker. He wrote paul ryan should spend more time on balancing the budget, jobs and illegal immigration he said and not waste his time on fighting the republican nominee. Trump, in turn, lashed out at ryan, during his first post debate appearance, just outside pittsburgh im not proud of everything that ive done in life. I mean, who among us is. Is anybody totally proud of every single element . Reporter meanwhile, for democrat Hillary Clinton, the day after the debate was occasion to kick off a twoday, threecollege swing. She was back on the attack, this afternoon at Wayne State University in detroit i believe that every single one of us in this room today has paid more in federal income taxes than donald trump has. Reporter even as she embarks on her postdebate push. A new nbc news wall street journal poll, conducted after the trump video tape appeared, shows clinton widening her lead over trump, with 46 in a 4way race to trumps 35 . And libertarian gary johnson and the green partys jill stein in the single digits. That poll was conducted, before a national tv audience, of around 60 million people, who watched the second clintontrump debate last night. And a few moments have cascaded into questions today. Okay. He and i havent spoken, and i disagree. Reporter that was trump disagreeing with a stance on syria that moderator Martha Raddatz attributed to his running mate, mike pence that the u. S. Should be ready to use force against russian ally and syrian leader bashar alassad. Pences actual words from the v. P. Debate if russia chooses to be involved and continue, i should say, to be involved in this barbaric attack on civilians in aleppo, the United States of america should be prepared to use military force to strike reporter on cnn this morning, pence stressed again he was speaking about using force if russia attacks civilians in aleppo. Thats still a difference with trump, but its a narrower one than was portrayed in the debate. And, there was one other moment, on investigating Hillary Clintons emails if i win, i am going to instruct my attorney general to get a special prosecutor to look into your situation because there has never been so many lies, so much deception. Reporter the Clinton Campaign decried the remarks as using power to target political opponents, but this morning, trump, Campaign Manager Kellyanne Conway indicated her boss words were sarcastic that was a quip and i saw in nbcs own reporting it was referred it a quip so ill go with nbc on it. Reporter conway went on to say that trump was venting the frustrations of his voters. For the pbs newshour, im lisa desjardins. Sreenivasan well take a closer look at the campaign, and divisions within republican ranks, right after the news summary. In the days other news, the desperation of aleppo, syria prompted Doctors Without Borders to appeal for access, amid a russiansyrian assault on the city. The Group Supports eight hospitals there, but has only 35 doctors to help 275,000 civilians. It says the wounded are sleeping outside, waiting for care. Meanwhile, russia announced it is creating a Permanent Naval base in syria, to increase its military presence in the region. The wind and rain have subsided, but the damage that Hurricane Matthew did is far from over. As of today, the storm is blamed for hundreds of deaths in haiti, plus at least 20 more in the u. S. Flooding extends across five states, with North Carolina hit the hardest. Whole towns awash in water the legacy of a long, stormy weekend across eastern North Carolina. Im so upset. I dont have nothing left. Nothing. I have to take all this and put it in the garbage. I just want somewhere else to go. Sreenivasan its the worst the state has seen since hurricane floyd in 1999, and governor pat mcrory warned today, it will not end soon. The greatest threat at this point in time remains inland flooding that will continue this week in central and eastern North Carolina. Sreenivasan matthew dumped a foot or more of rain, more than 100 miles inland at fayetteville, and eight inches in raleigh, the state capital. In lumberton, just south of fayetteville, rescuers worked to evacuate 1,500 people after a levee along the lumber river broke overnight. The deluge also triggered scores of rescue missions saturday night and sunday, with emergency crews from as far away as new york taking part. To pitch in, pitch together and help people get out the apartments, get our stuff out and crawl through water all babies, all, children, all stuck in the water. Sreenivasan nearly a million homes and businesses in the carolinas were still in the dark today, plus thousands more in georgia and virginia. Parts of interstate 95 were flooded in several places, in North Carolina halting traffic on a major northsouth artery. A number of roads and bridges remained closed in South Carolina as well, and 2,000 people were still in shelters. Meanwhile, cleanup began elsewhere, in savannah, georgia, where 17 inches of rain fell. And in florida, where governor rick scott surveyed coastal erosion today. We were actually blessed that this storm never turned in and had direct hit. While we dont want to see the devastation weve seen behind this at all the most important thing is to save everybodys life sreenivasan the hurricane did score a direct hit on haiti, destroying whole towns. Estimates of the dead there range from 500 to 1,000 dead, with a new outbreak of cholera compounding the crisis. The United Nations called today for a massive response to get food, water and shelter to at least 750,000 haitians. Well look at what the hurricane did to the nations oldest city, later in the program. Samsung faced a new debacle today after reports that replacement galaxy note 7 phones are overheating and catching fire, just like the originals. The company said it is temporarily adjusting production schedules. It did not confirm reports that it halted production entirely. Samsung recalled the original batch of 2. 5 million note 7s last month over the fire issue. Two boston area professors will share this years nobel prize for economics. Oliver hart of Harvard University and bengt holmstrom of Massachusetts Institute of technology were honored today for their work in contract theory. In stockholm today, the Nobel Committee said theyve shed light on everything from paying executives to privatizing prisons. Thanks to their research we now have, can analyze not just financial terms, who should get paid what, but also the control and decision rights ownership, Property Rights and other types of decision rights and contracts. Sreenivasan hart was born in britain and has taught at harvard since 1993. Holmstrom is from finland. On wall street today, stocks rose as the price of oil topped 51 a barrel the highest in a year. The Dow Jones Industrial average gained 88 points to close at 18,329. The nasdaq rose 36 points, and the s p 500 added nearly 10. Still to come on the newshour the g. O. P. Divide after last nights fiery president ial debate. In florida, what hurrican3 matthew has left in its wake. Justice Ruth Bader Ginsbergs newest book my own words, and much more. Sreenivasan we return to the race for the white house, with election day now four weeks away. John yang looks at the growing split within the Republican Party. Yang with the mass defection of highprofile republicans from their president ial nominee, has the divide between donald trump and the gop establishment become irreconcilable . We explore that question now with tom davis, a former member of congress who was in charge of electing republicanns to the trumps Virginia State chairman. Mr. Davis, let me start with you. The House Speaker this morning said hes not going to defend donald trump, hes not going to campaign with him, hes going to focus on the house and senate. Is he saying he thinks the president ial race is over . No, i think hes saying he wants to make sure the House Republicans get reelected and he has a house ma jomplet this isnt different than what he was telling the house a month ago, you have to look after your own district. In some districts donald trump will be doing good and in some he will be a liability and candidates will have to do what they have to do. His responsibility is to help reelect house members. When i was Campaign Chairman in 20 2 000, it was a similar arrangement with george w. Bush where they did their things and we did ours. They coordinated to some extent but it was up to each individual member as to how to handle it. Yang so many reps over the weekend m in tough races m running for reelection, saying they are no longer supporting donald trump. Is that the smart move . Well, the smart move is to recognize the issues hes talking about and how people are reacting to them and talk about those issues. You know, if this were an election on personality, donald trump would be down by 100 points. Hillary spent 200 million pointing out h perfectly obvious imperfections. But the issues he talks about and why people rally around him and i think it would be smart for all candidates to think about thos issues. Yang weve had donald trump tweeting maybe paul ryan should be focusing on balancing the budget, creating jobs and immigration and not fighting with him, that Kellyanne Conway this morning talked about inappropriate behavior by some of the republicans who are now turning against him. Are we lining up with this one wing of the party versus another wing of the party . I hope not. I hope were lining up with people across america. Thats all mr. Trump should be talking about. There are people who havent had a real increase in real wages in a real long time, thats what we should be talking about, i dont care what about paul ryan does. His duty is to help elect members of the house and hes good at it. They dont need to be talking about each other. John, i dont think there is any question that the trump constituency came in was antiestablishment and that means anticongressional establishment. There is some tension there. Can they coexist and get along and maximize their produce through Republican Congress and perhaps elect a republican president. Of course there are tensions. Yang the question is can and how can they get i long. Depends. Some districts you have people supporting trump and others your cant find if trump comes to town. In any district in northern virginia, after a couple of terms, there were very few reps i could appear with without hurting myself. First you owe yourself a duty and the caucus to get reelected. Donald trump performance well in some districts and some not. Yang we saw paul ryan get booed when he talked about the situation, the videotape and that trump wasnt with him as he was scheduled to be when joe heck in nevada, a Senate Candidate withdrew his endorsement of mr. Trump, he got booed. Is there a risk for candidates jumping off the trump bandwagon . Yes. No ones ever successfully sawed a boat in half and floated to safety. Once youre in the boat, youre in the boat. We need to win the president ial race and if not it needs to be close for house and senate races like joe heck to get across the line. So you have to be very careful. You can have your own opinions but realize 40 to 60 of your supporters are still with him. So dont go too far. Yang mr. Davis, if you were running the congressiona Campaign Committee now, what would you be telling challengers and your members voting for running for reelection . Its district by district. If you look at the top of the ticket you want to try to latch on the coattails and ride across the line. If the wind is coming at you, you basically have to personalize the district, make this a referendum on you. In john cat koas district in syracuse, hes running double digits ahead and mr. Trump is running double digits behind. Everybody cons this. Profits understand you have to do what you have to do to get reelected. Mr. Trumps remarks, nobodys going to attach themselves to those remarks, but that doesnt necessarily mean you abandon ship because once you divide yourself up, ive seen very few cases where parties survive that kind of thing. Yang no matter what happens at the top of the ticket in november, this antiestablishment feeling you have been talking about is going to be there, its going to continue and going to exist. What does the Republican Party look like moving forward . What does it do moving forward . Because even if donald trump is elected president , he will have to deal with this congress that is the establishment that so many of his supporters hate right now. I think the caucus probably gets larger. I think theres going to be more turmoil. I think if we think the scary stuff is over now, wait until after the election because the winner probably is going to only have 40 or 50r of the vote because more would have voted for them than not voted for them. Reporter what would you do, mr. Davis, if you were running the party and were the r. N. C. Chairman . How would you move forward after the election no matter who sphwhins. We have to learn how to coexist. What republicans found in virginia is even when theyre united given the d. J. Shifts, we lose sometimes. So you have to learn to coexist, everybody get a piece of things and try to line up accordingly. Were going to primaries instead of conventions. I think thats a good thing in this state. Shouldnt jeopardize the Trump Supporters who won primaries. But its the kind of thing where we have to learn to coexist. Coalitions mean sometimes you get in a room with people youre not quite comfortable with to advance your own interests and the reps have not gotten comfortable with their coalition. Democrats also a Diverse Coalition have learned to coexist and win. Yang thanks for coming in and discussing these interesting days with us. Thank you. Sreenivasan that brings us to our politics monday duo amy walter of the Cook Political Report and tamara keith of npr, joining us tonight from detroit. So amy,ettes start with this vape weighs of support from republican leadership. Does it matter . Oh, it absolutely meters. If you think about the 2012 election, mitt romney, of course, lost the campaign. He lost more than 93 of the republican vote. Getting less than 90 is a big problem in a country that is as polarized as this. If its only 5 or 10 of voters, not necessarily who even go out and vote for Hillary Clinton, but the wigger concern for reps down ballot is traditional Republican Voters stay home. They find themselves so disgusted, they cant support donald trump, dont like Hillary Clinton, they sit on their hands and dont turn out. That is a bigger problem for down ballot races than almost anything else. Sreenivasan what does it mean when paul ryan, leader to have house, says hes not necessarily unendorsing donald trump but hes not backing him, hes not going to spend more effort . Hes in absolutely a tough position and hes been in a tough position and really the trump candidacy has put a ton of republicans in very tough positions. From the democratic perspective, the Clinton Campaign today responding to paul ryan basically said, paul ryan, you enabled donald trump for months throughout the summer and before that, and they are intent open not letting Congressional Republicans including those ones who are unendorsing get away with trying to dietsens themselves from donald trump. And i think were very close to this point in campaign where potentially you are going to have congressional candidates, Republican Congressional candidates running saying, lets assume Hillary Clinton is going to be president , reelect me or elect me so we can have a Republican Senate and Republican House to serve as a counterbalance to the person they assume will be the president of the United States, and that is a pretty remarkable moment. That happened during the clinton uring the 96 campaign, there was consider effort by the house and senate Campaign Committees to basically concede the president ial race and say vote for republican candidate x to make sure that then bill clinton doesnt get a blank check. And this has been happening throughout the campaign, hari. Weve seen the Republican Party divided, come back together, divide, come back together, and we are now only 30 days from the election, and so the question is does it come back together like it always does or are we going to see it continue to be divided, dispirited and essentially you will have this big Enthusiasm Gap between those who will go out and support Hillary Clinton and the republicans. Sreenivasan late in the afternoon we had the r. N. C. Come out and say we are still behind our candidate. Is this continuous cause to believe there is a lift among the reps as to who is the true republican . There have been rumors the r. N. C. Was cutting bait and going to pull its Campaign Support from donald trump and with this priebus is essentially saying, no, were in it for our candidate. Priebus is in another tough position. Off large portion of the republican bakers yeah, there are base, yeah, there are people who are reps who republicans who say they cant vote for trump, but a lot voted for him in the primaries, passionate about his canned si and dont want Establishment Republicans tell them they cant have their candidate. Sreenivasan where do voters fall on this divide inside the Republican Party . Weve had polling come out in the wake of the videotape that came out over the weekend, and the question was asked as the wall street journal poll asked voters who were supporting donald trump, do you think this is enough for the Republican Party to distance themselves to ask him to step down, maybe to repudiate him . 68 of reps said dont do anything, donald trump is in the right, the party has no right to basically do any of those things. 67 is a big number, as tam pointed out, that is not a group of voters you want to alienate. At the same time, there is another sizable group of republicans right now or at least people who would support donald trump who say i dont know that i can continue to have him at the top of ticket, and that is a very,er are difficult spot to be, especially if you are a candidate, running for congress in one of these districts like tom davis did, suburban where you have a lot of voters who are independent, maybe who are republican by nature but feeling very alienated by the party at this point. Sreenivasan tamara, your impression tons the debate. Yeah, so it was a tough debate. It was rough, it was hard to watch. I got messages from lots of people saying, oh, my gosh, i have a pit in my stomach watching this. In the end, you know, donald trump went nuclear. He really did. He brought out the big thing that he said he had been threatening to bring out for a long time, and i dont know that it materially changed the state of the race. It certainly excites his base, but its not clear that it was any sort of a knockout blow against Hillary Clinton. You know, today, she at her rally said, how about that debate . And got the biggest applause of the day again. So for people who support her, she did a fine job, and they were happy with it, and in terms of broadening the ways, donald trump appealed to his base, but i dont know that he appealed to people who were looking, trying to figure out what to do in this election. There is a lot of talk about iis the floor going to drop out on donald trump. He never had a floor problem, 35, 40 to have the electorate have always been with it. His problem is a ceiling problem because he keeps talking to the people who make up his floor instead of going to the people who can expand his ceiling. And that scorched Earth Campaign that he ran yesterday at the debate to me suggests that thats the kind of thing were going to see for the next 30 days, which means there is no reaching out, there is no broadening, theres no pivoting, this is all about can i get those people who love me, who come to my rallies to continue to support me at the same rate, thats not a winning coalition, its a coalition that he likes to spend time with. Sreenivasan its also one of the first times we had a candidate intentionally threaten to throw the other one in jail if he wins. Yeah, weve never seen anything quite like that, and his campaign will say he quipped about it, but the fact of the matter is, first of all, im going to have the Justice Department appoint a special prosecutor to investigate somebody who lost a campaign, and then, as an aside, he said, well, if i were president , you would be in jail. That is not something that anybody has ever seen before, and i think, again, to the voters who are looking to see could they picture donald trump as president , the number one concern i hear especially from women voters, worried about his temperament, that is the sorts of thing that keeps them you know, keeps pushing them away. Reporter tamara, did Hillary Clinton reach out to larger audiences last night . There is a little of that and the campaign is continuing that today. Certainly she delivered her stronger together message which is the theme of her campaign, but that is a message that is intended to reach people who arent just deep blue democrats and today her campaign is out with four ads to be running in swing states that feature republicans talking about why theyre voting for her and not donald trump, and shes really presenting this as a choice of saying voters know who donald trump is, but the way we vote will say who we are, is the message shes delivering. That is a message thats aimed at republicans and independents and certainly not just diehard democrats. Sreenivasan tamera keith, amy walter, thank you so much. Youre welcome. Sreenivasan and our analysis and factchecking continues on our website, where you can find the top five debate takeaways from our politics team. Sreenivasan we turn now to the ongoing civil war in yemen, where the civilian death toll grew over the weekend. More than 140 died after what witnesses say was an airstrike on a funeral saturday in the capital, sanaa. The Saudi Airforce has been bombing the country for months, with logistical assistance from the u. S. Indeed reports from the scene said it was u. S. Made bombs were dropped on the funeral. The saudibacked government in yemen is fighting Houthi Rebels as well as al qaeda forces. At least 10,000 people have died over the last 18 months, and more than million have been displaced and, on sunday, a u. S. Navy guided missile destroyer in the red sea was targeted by houthi missiles fired from the yemeni coast. The navy says the missiles detonated short of the target, leaving the ship untouched. We begin with this report from neil connery of independent television news. Reporter theyre burying the dead in sanaa, dozens of burials, for those killed, the funeral was attacked. sirens thousands came to mourn the capitals governor. His picture looking down on his own procession. The governor was one of hundreds of people packed into the funeral hall when it was hit by a Saudiled Coalition airstrike. But even as they pay respects to the governors family, the jets are back again, heard overhead. As sanaa buries its dead, there is rising anger at the weekend funeral attack and wit, calls for revenge. Hopes for peace here have never seen so far away. We need peace. We will kill or be killed. Eye for eye. Reporter yemens tragedy has a new chapter, the single deadliest attack in its 19month war. In the capital, as they cover the graves of its victims, how many more will follow . And to j. B. Brown yesterday secretary kerry spoke with saudi officials and called for immediate sees sailings of hostilities. An International Security ire Security Council spokesman said the u. S. Would review the support of the Saudiled Coalition. Im joined by Michael Hannah a senior fellow at the century foundation. Welcome. There was already so much concern and anger over civilian casualties and deaths in this conflict, how important is this new incident . Its gotten more attention than this war usually does and partly because to have the nature of this attack and the scope of the damage. This is a really horrific attack that happened on a funeral hall with a huge number of senior yemeni figures, tribal figures and political figures, and it does seem like a difference in time, like a red line had been crossed in bombing this kind of funeral gathering and for this reason its gotten a lot of negative attention and the reaction of the United States has been different. We have seen horrific bomb bombings in the past but this elicited a different kind of response from the United States. Brown remind us briefly where things stand in this conflict in yemen and whats behind the saudiled bombing . The Saudi Military Campaign began in march of 2015 so its been going on about a year and a half and, of course, yemen and saudi border countries, so saudi has looked at yemen differently than at other conflicts, say syria for example. That being said, it is quite different to see saudi arabia engaged in direct military conflict. They began a military campaign about a year and a half ago, they were joined by other gulf states and are getting support from the United States and the united kingdom. And, so, this is a difference in kind. I think saudi arabia sees the region changing. Its quite concerned about the influence of iran. It sees in houthis the Rebel Movement that essentially overthrew the government in yemen as a kind of extension of iranian influence, as a proxy force. And while the United States has a differing view of the conflict, does not necessarily agree about the saudi analysis of the conflict, it has clearly reached a point for saudi arabia and its own calculations that enough is enough, and some of this is about establishing deterrent capacity and trying to change the kind of regional balance of power at the moment. Brown so to the extent the u. S. Has supported this vawdy effort and, yet, there have been mr. Strange, particularly over casualties, among civilians, what now, when they talk about a review, what do you see happening . Well, i think its high time there is a review. The statement this weekend suggested u. S. Security operation is not a blank check and i think for a long time now the nate has hoped that the saudis and others would essentially declare victory and focus on a political settlement, and i think thats still the american position, and that has been voiced publicly and privately, but i do think this seems different, that the United States, because of this latest incident, is going to be much more keen in bringing about a cessation of hostilities, and much more keen on focusing on the diplomatic track, which has sputtered on through various iterations but has failed to have any kind of lasting impact. But i think the United States has a very different view about the continuing utility of this military campaign and the prospects for it to be particularly successful in the coming months. Brown Michael Hannah, thank you very much. Thank you. Sreenivasan earlier in the program, we told you about the recordbreaking flooding in North Carolina. Hurricane matthew also left a wake of damage on its way to North Carolina along the coasts of three states. Billed as the oldest city in america, st. Augustine, florida was one of the places that felt the storms might. The small coastal town of nearly 14,000, which dates back to the 16th century, is only now emerging from this weekends storm. I was there yesterday. It looked like one big garage sale on solana road in saint augustine, florida. But everything in the front yards was contaminated. Couches, mattresses, family keepsakes all soaked by the floods after Hurricane Matthew. Families were racing to get it all out before the moisture turned to mold and made its way into the walls. When you evacuate you take only the things that you really find irreplaceable. But this is whole these are all the things that may be replaceable. But theyre what give you something to come home to. Sreenivasan mayor nancy shaver took us to one of the low lying areas that was hardest hit. The sewer pumps were still offline, meaning underground waste was overflowing onto the street. Residents were only allowed back into the area saturday. Your home is where youre supposed to go to be peaceful, restful, be with your family, sleep, eat. And none of these things are possible in these homes. Sreenivasan one of the homeowners on this block the city manager, john regan, tasked so what did you have to throw out . Everything. Everything. My house was two feet of water. With coordinating the citys recovery effort, now working furiously on his own. Sreenivasan while trying to salvage what he could from his home, he was also trying to prevent more fires like the ones the city has been fighting every night since the storm. Yeah, and all these houses that have been flooded, when we bring the power back, you got to be sensitive that theres no short circuiting. Sreenivasan regan is luckier than some just up the coast, who will never move back into their homes again. The storms waves, gouged deep beneath the foundations of some homes, and surge driven waters lifted and washed away everything they could. The debris is not limited to the coastline, but inlets as well. Marinas usually full of tourists and boaters are shut down because floating junk is a danger to boats and several docks have lost their moorings. Were ready to go fishing but at this point this marina we cant get our boats in here. Bill hunsicker captains a charter boat for sport fishermen. Sreenivasan he says he can last two weeks without customers before he has to make tough decisions. In the citys historic old town, most businesses remained shuttered, as they dried out and cleaned up. This is the oldest bar in the oldest town. Sreenivasan the local watering hole, that rarely closes, stopped for matthew. Usually we have a hurricane party, but this year we didnt have any power. It was a really bad one. Nobody wanted to be here. Sreenivasan blogger jorge rivera wanted to stay and track the storm. The waters up to my waist. He captured some of the earliest scenes of matthews arrival. Sreenivasan over the weeken, he continued to document its toll. Its not so much that the hurricane is powerful, its that youre in such a vulnerable place. Sreenivasan now, he wonders whether it would have been worth it. The question is, once they find your body they say, was he a fool or was he brave . I dont know. I dont have an answer for that. Sreenivasan but rivera wasnt alone. Mayor shaver says almost half the city stayed behind many who didnt have the means to evacuate and others who were homeless and out of reach. Numbers she hopes to change in the future. Weve have 450 years of practice. We are an extraordinarily resilient city, its a Real Community it has a very rich fabric of reaching out, connecting and helping folks. Sreenivasan that sentiment moved the owners of le macaron to hand out sweets to their local firefighters. Recent transplants from france, there overwhelmed by the support here we see this, and we dont have this in europe, in france. Im sorry to say that but here its very different than with lots of people coming, every 15 minutes saying hey we can help us. Sreenivasan this city has soldiered on through challenges for more than 400 years, city hall, which was flooded reopened to essential personnel today. Online, a poet shares her experience of hurricane destruction and recovery. Find that at pbs. Org newshour. Sreenivasan next, combining Sustainable Agriculture with entrepreneurship in developing countries. Special correspondent fred de sam lazaro reports from Earth University, a campus in costa rica that aims to do just that. His story is part of our agents for change series. Reporter it is quite likely is the only university in the world where traffic stops for bananasmillions of them wrapped tightly in blue plastic. Earth university actually was a commercial banana plantation before being converted in 1992 to a university to train students from developing countries grappling with Climate Change and growing populations. Funds came from the u. S. And costa rican governments and the michigan based kellogg foundation. When we first came to this property, the whole river was contaminated with the blue plastic bag. That also have chemical inside to protect it, to protect it from insects. And when the first group of students came, we brought them here and we started to pick all the plastic. Reporter today, University Co founder joze zaglul says the blue plastic bags are recycled and tons of plant wastestalks; fruits that dont make the gradethings that used to be discardedare collected and fed to livestock. So we dont use chemicals in the bags. And we also are using an organic fungicide. Reporter these bananas are labeled as responsibly grown and sold across the u. S. In whole foods stores. The enterprise supports dozens of local jobs and scholarships that girl over there, shes from panama. That guy is from brazil. She is from ecuador. That guy you see, hes from somaliland in africa. Reporter 43 countries are represented here; a majority of the 400 students depend on financial aid. From 1,600 applications, about 110 are admitted each year what we attempt to discover their interest to go back to the countries, because we are about forming leaders, and individuals that really overcome barriers. Reporter yves rusanganwa is a First Year Student from rwandaborn soon after that countrys genocide. I grew up hearing about hunger, hearing about poverty, hearing epidemic diseases, i grew up in that environment so as i was growing up i grew up a passion inside me of doing something in this world and try to change that history. Reporter many students say a lack of knowledge hinders productivity and keeps most farmers in their homelands in poverty. Devotha tumushimiyimana is also from rwanda, a nation the size of maryland with a population of 11 million. My country is a small country and i would like also to teach people how they can do agriculture in small land. Reporter jose zaglul says doing agriculture on small land or even no landis an important part of the curriculum. At home, in the schools, on rooftops in the cities. And you dont have to utilize so much energy and fossil fuels to transport them. Reporter across campus, fruits and vegetables are grown in unlikely containers, with unlikely tools. All the bottles that you see there, its like drip irrigation. Reporter the campus tries to model the ideal, Carbon Neutral world it wants its graduates to help create. Zaglul says thats sometimes involved taking riskslike the decision at the start to keep producing bananas it used to cost us 25 cents more per box to do all this sustainable practices, and nobody would pay us for that. I tell you we were losing money, but we had to show the students that it is possible to do sustainable business. Reporter possible, he says, because over time recycling and not using pesticides save money. Then came the right Large Customer whole foods. Besides the classroom and field emphasis on sustainable practices, students are encouraged to develop business ideas. 23yearold senior diderot saintilma plans for when he returns to his native haiti where i come from there are a lot of peanut farmers. They dont do very much post harvest processing. So id like to start an association or cooperative of small peanut farmers so they can get added value for products. Reporter many graduates have taken ideas from here to the business world. For costa rican joaquin viquez, it was animal Waste Recycling solids are separated to make fertilizer while large bladders or biodigesters break down liquid wastes to capture methane, or biogas. Its not new technology, he says, it simply wasnt commercialized for farms in developing countries there was no one you could call or no store you could go and say hey i want a digester. and so we made it technically accessible and we do a lot of efforts to make it economically feasible for the farmer. Reporter on this day, they were installing a digester at the calderon family farm, with about 100 head of dairy and beef cows. translated i took a course recently at the National Institute of learning and they talked about Global Warming and hygiene and i really came back wanting to have a clean farm, so i contacted a microfinance agency, talked to my husband, used our savings to do this. Reporter viquez says not only will this family be reducing Greenhouse Gases emitted by unprocessed animal wastes but their Energy Savings over time will more than cover the digesters 3400 cost theyre not going to have to use any firewood or propane for the cooking. Theyre going to have a surplus reporter viquez is one of about 2,000 Earth University alumni, jose zaglul says each on average has created four other jobs and their influence has spread in other ways. Many commercial Banana Producers have adopted practices that began here, he says. For the pbs newshour, this is fred de sam lazaro in guapile, costa Rica Sreenivasan freds reporting is a partnership with the undertold stories project at the university of st. Thomas, in minnesota. Sreenivasan Ruth Bader Ginsburg broke countless barriers for women in the Legal Profession long before she was tapped by president bill clinton for the highest court in the land. Now she has published a collection of her writings and speeches, my own words. For this latest addition to the newshour bookshelf, gwen ifill sat down with her recently at the Supreme Court. Ifill justice ginsburg, thank you tore speaking with us. I want to start with a broader question than you even address in your book which is youve become something of a folk hero to some women. Did you see that coming . It is utterly amazing. Of course, i didnt see it coming. It was all the creation of a secondyear law student at n. Y. U. It came about this way she was reading a courts decision that invalidated a very significant part of the Voting Rights act of 1965, and she was angry, and then she remembered that i had said anger is a useless emotion, it doesnt get you any place, do something positive. So she created this tumbler starting with my dissent, and then it took off into the wild blue yonder. Ifill you know, some people would say its about politics, but i wonder if its not also about your presence, your very existence on the court and the way that you write and the way that you sometimes take on your colleagues. I would like to think so, but i certainly was given a tremendous boost into the public arena by the notorious rbg. When i was asked about it because i said notorious b. I. G. And i had something in common . You did . We were both born in brooklyn, new york. Ifill you ever consider being a rapper . I dont think i have that talent. Ifill neither do i. I want to talk to you about someone you give a lot of credit to in this book and this is your late husband marty and you said you would never be on the Court Without him. Do you agree with that . Its absolutely true. One of my law clerks said at the time clinton was considering his first nominee to the court, he said you will probably be around number 25 unless you do something to promote yourself. So im not very good at promotion, but marty was, and he was tireless in his effort to see that i would be the nominee. Ifill just the way you write about, speak about marty, its almost like a present tense presence in your life. He will be president in my life as long as i live. I have his portrait in my broom and in my bedroom and i say, you would probably like what i am doing now. Ifill of all the speeches and writings youve collected in this book, what do you get the most frequent questions about . What do younger and older people ask you . One question is did you always want to be a judge, or, more exorbitantly, did you always want to be a Supreme Court justice . I try to explain the way things were in the notsogoodolddays. So when i graduated from law school in 1959, there was not a single woman on any federal bench. It would not be a realistic ambition for a woman to want to become a federal judge. It was not realistic until jimmy carter became our president. He looked around at the federal judiciary and said, thats nice, but they all look like me. So i am determined to appoint members of minority groups and women in numbers to the federal bench, so we will use the talent of all of the people of the United States and not just some of them. Ifill im not sure everyone knows how extensive your interest in womens issues and womens rights were long before you got to the court. Is that something which this can also begin to luminate . Yes. The book includes one of the many speeches why we need an equal rights amendment. Do you feel as a liberal that conservative men and women can identify with you as well . Every time i hear of that, i think of the great gilbert and sullivan song that goes, every girl and every boy thats born alive is either a little liberal or conservative. What does that mean . Depends on whos being born. Ifill you got into trouble about making a comment about donald trump this year. Do you still regret it . I said what i had to say about that and i will not address that subject again. Ifill thats fair. Let me ask you another question about whats happening uh now. Do you Merrick Garland . Yes, i know merrick quite well. He is now the chief judge of the court on which i served for many years and hes an expert in administrative law. Ive read his writings. I wish that the spirit that prevailed in 1993 when i was nominated, i wish that that could be restored. 1993, the vote on me was 96 to 3. There was a two bipartisan spirit prevailing, democrat and republicans work together, they got things done. Everybody wonders whether youre going to be ever done. Ifill at first i said i wanted to stay as long as a justice did that was appointed when i was 60, but he retired at age 83, which is what i am. My answer is i will do this job as long as i can do it full steam. At my age, that means you take it year by year. I am confident that in year there will be no slowdown. What will be next year, i dont know. None of us really knows, with but well be watching. Justice ruth bader ginsberg, thank you very much. It was a pleasure. Sreenivasan on the newshour online,69 years ago tonight, a brand new rodgers and hammerstein musical about an ambitious doctor debuted on broadway, and it was a huge flop. But that doesnt stop medical historian Howard Markel from recommending the play for its important life lessons. Plus, weve shared exclusive snapchat and Instagram Stories about seven bee species in hawaii recently added to the endangered species list. Follow us at pbsnews on snapchat and newshour on instagram. All that and more is on our web site, pbs. Org newshour. And thats the newshour for tonight. On tuesday well head to greece, a country grappling with letting refugee children into school. Im hari sreenivasan. Join us online, and again here tomorrow evening. For all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and good night. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by and by the alfred p. Sloan foundation. Supporting science, technology, and improved Economic Performance and Financial Literacy in the 21st century. Supported by the john d. And catherine t. Macarthur foundation. Committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. More information at macfound. Org and with the ongoing support of these institutions this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by Media Access Group at wgbh access. Wgbh. Org this is bbc world news america. Funding of this presentation is made possible by the freeman foundation, newmans own foundation, giving all profits from newmans own to charity and pursuing the common good, kovler foundation, pursuing solutions for americas neglected needs, and aruba tourism authority. Planning a vacation escape that is relaxing, inviting, and exciting is a lot easier than you think. You can find it here, in aruba. Families, couples, and friends can all find their escape on the island with warm, sunny days, cooling trade winds, and the crystal blue caribbean sea