Before you make that economic decision that will win the day. Ifill all that and more on tonights pbs newshour. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by lincoln financial committed to helping you take charge of your financial future and by the alfred p. Sloan foundation. Supporting science, technology, and improved economicte performance and Financial Literacy in the 21st century. Supported by the rockefeller foundation. El promoting the wellbeing of humanity around the world by building resilience and inclusive economies. More at rockefellerfoundation. Orgg Carnegie Corporation of new york. Supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of International Peace and security. At carnegie. Org. And with the ongoing support of these institutions i and individuals. This program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbt station from viewers like you. Ns thank you. Woodruff soldiers are in the streets of north carolinas largest city tonight, after two nights of violence. O and, the people of charlotte are waiting to see what happens next, in the streets, and in the investigation of the Fatal Shooting that started it all. I firmly believe we cannot tolerate any violence directed toward citizens. Woodruff appeals for calm came from all quarters, from governor pat mccrory on down. Hours earlier, he declared a state of emergency, and sent National Guard troops rolling into the city. That followed another night that began with Peaceful Demonstrations against the Police Killing of a black man oe tuesday. Whose streets . Our streets woodruff but it quickly turned again to violence someone started shooting duringe a march. Shots fired, shots fired woodruff a black protester was critically wounded, and many in the crowd accused the police. When they shot the guy, they started screaming no justice no peace, and then they just shot him. Woodruff the crowd retreated before paint balls and tear gas, but small groups smashed windows, looted stores and set fires. Police denied they had shot the protester, but chief kerr putney said today its beinghi investigated. The allegation was made that one of our officers might have been involved. Ff as i said before, guys, we are here to seek the truth. Re so were investigating that to find the truth, the absolute truth. Woodruff the city also faced growing pressure to release video of the Fatal Shooting thae set the protests in motion. Officials say Keith Lamont Scott had a gun and refused to put it down. S his family insists he was unarmed. Chief putney said today the video raises more questions. The video does not give me absolute definitive, visual evidence that, that would confirm that a person is pointing the gun. I did not see that in the videos that i reviewed. Woodruff the chief said hes trying to arrange to let the family see the video, but he cited state law as a reason not to make it public. As the day went on, the local District Attorney asked the state bureau of investigation to take over the case. While in washington, attorney general Loretta Lynch announced shes sending in a team of peacekeeping experts, and she made an appeal of her own. I urge those responsible for bringing violence to these demonstrations to stop because you are drowning out the voices of commitment and change and youre ushering more tragedy and grief in our communities. Woodruff back in charlotte, some of the citys biggest employers, from bank of america and wells fargo to duke energy, told workers to stay home. Meanwhile, National Guard troops fanned out, with hundreds more officers also expected on thes streets tonight. For some further insight into what local officials and Community Leaders are doing thid evening, im joined by trevor fuller. Ady hes the chair at large of the Mecklenburg County board oft commissioners. Hes been out in the Charlotte Community today and i spoke with him a short time ago. Chairman fuller, thank you for joining us. How would you describe the situation in charlotte right now . Note doubt its very tense. Thank you for having me, judy. Its a tense time in Mecklenburg County, something we haventha really seen in our lifetimes. So we are trying our best to keep things under control as best we can. Reporter what are you hearingl from w people youre talking to in the community . We should say Mecklenburg County encircles the city of charlotte. Thats right. T Mecklenburg County, we have oveh a Million People who live here, approximately 800,000 of whom80 live in the city of charlotte, and what were hearing is a high degree of unrest, uncertainty about whats going to happenn tonight and the next several days. So what were trying to do is to manage the flow of information, to manage our emotional state and hoping that we can get some calm so that we can then have the dilog that we so dialogue we so desperately need. Woodruff do you think it bring bright decision to in the National Guard to beef up and help the police tonight . Its clear we did not have enough resources last night and, so, i felt it was necessary for us to have Additional Resources available tore us. Even if its more than we need,e i think were better off having the greater resources than not. O woodruff what sort of job do you believe the leaders inle the community have done so far, the police chief, mayor andouters . Well, i think everyone ise working just as hard as they can to try to deal with the situation that we havent dealt with in our community. Weve had big events here, but nothing quite like this. So im a little more forgiving under circumstances that people havent dealt with before. Be i think were doing the best we can, in particular our chief of police who is trying hard under very difficult circumstances to maintain control. Woodruff what do you mean when you say this is y something the community has not dealt with before . Well, charlotte is a welcoming place, and we like to deal with our issues by talking through them, by developingev plans of action together, and we are not a community that has this kind of disruption. In we are a peaceful community, an we believe its better when we are able to talk with each other, even if we have Difficult Conversations, that its better to talk through these things and develop a communal plan of action. So to have these kinds of unrest and violence in our community is something that is just not normal for us. S. Woodruff but do you see the justification that apparently many feel for being angry in that they feel something was done in the shooting of this man who they say didnt deserve to be shot to death . Yeah, there is no question that i grieve for the family of mr. Scott. I grieve for the people who are in the streets who are protesting, and what i believe they are protesting is a sense of helplessness, of feeling under siege, that the system doesnt respond to them. Re so thats why in Mecklenburg County i have been talking so much about the challenge of economic opportunity, how can we make sure that prosperity thats in this county gets shared by all . Ive talked about universal prek in Mecklenburg County, the strength of our educational system. So there is no question that the protest, the unrest that werere seeing has a source, a legitimate source. Our challenge now is how do we get to the root of that and solve it without violence. Woodruff and what do you think the answer to that is . Well, the answer is, first, we have to regain calm. Ca we have to regain security because, my view is, when emotions are high, intelligence is low, and, so, weve got to get our community in a place of safety so that we can have these conversations that we need to have, conversations about who shares an economic prosperity, conversations, Difficult Conversations about race, but, its very difficult to have those conversations when people do not feel safe. So we first have to establishs safety and then we need to not only have a dialogue but also have a plan of action andd execute on it. Woodruff trevor fuller who is the Mecklenburg County commission chair, we thank you very much. Ry thank you very much, judy. Ifill in the days other news, prosecutors in tulsa, oklahoma charged a whiteok policewoman who killed an unarmed black man last friday. Officer betty shelby will be tried for firstdegree manslaughter. Video shows Terence Crutcher walking away from shelby, his arms in the air, before shee fired. The District Attorney acknowledged its all deeply troubling. We need to pray for wisdom and guidance on each of our respective paths in life. Each of us at the end of our days will have to account fort our own actions. Ifill if convicted, officer shelby could face at least fourh years in prison. Woodruff yahoo is confirmin one of the largest breaches of online data, ever. It says hackers stole personal data from 500 million of its users accounts. The Internet Company blamed an unspecified statesponsored actor. It said the breakin dates to late 2014, but was only recently found. Ifill afghanistan signed a draft peace deal today with a notorious islamist warlord. Gulbuddin hekmatyar is believed to be living in pakistan. The u. S. Designated him a global terrorist in 2003. Hekmatyars representative signed the accord in kabul. It grants full Political Rights to his group, and allows him to return to afghanistan. translated i am happy and fully confident that the finalizing of this agreement will be the start of Permanent Peace and stability in afghanistan. On this, i congratulate the people of afghanistan. Ifill this marks the afghann governments first peace dealgo with insurgents since the u. S. Invasion in 2001. Woodruff police in south africa clashed with University Students today during growing protests against rising tuition. Officers fired tear gas inin johannesburg, after students started throwing rocks. And, they surrounded a Student Residence where protesters gathered. The demonstrators say fee increases will only add to racial inequalities, with manyy black students unable to afford the cost of college. Ifill power is slowlye returning to puerto rico tonight. The island has been in the dark for nearly 24 hours, after a fire at a power plant caused aed widespread blackout. Its affected 3. 5 Million People. Woodruff on wall street, stocks posted more gains, amid relief that Interest Rates arent rising just yet. The Dow Jones Industrial average gained 98 points to close at 18,392. The nasdaq rose 44 points, and the s p 500 added 14. Ifill and, the white house today welcomed the winners of the National Medal of arts and the National Humanities medal, for 2015. The arts awards went to singer audra mcdonald, composer philip glass, and actor mel brooks, among others. On humanities medal recipients included npr radio host terryte gross, author Isabel Wilkerson and chef jose andres. Woodruff still to come on the newshour diminishing hopes for renewing syrias ceasefire. The disconnect in the black community between civil rights achievements and recent police what donald trump would do on day one in the oval office. Marketing techniques most of us arent aware of. Plus much more. Ifill the syrian army announced late today they beginning of a major new offensive against the rebel held, eastern sectors of aleppo. This came after a defiant Bashar Alassad blamed the unitedla states for the failure of a ceasefire agreement struck two weeks ago. Ag Hari Sreenivasan reports. Sreenivasan a rain of firets lit up aleppo overnight. It was one of scores of air strikes the most in months, and it answered secretary of state john kerrys plea for the Syrian Military and its russian allies to ground their jets. Air strikes resumed monday, hours after a u. S. And russian brokered ceasefire expired. In an interview airing today,od syrian president Bashar Alassad told the associated press, the blame lies squarely with washington, and its allies. We announced that we are ready to be committed to any halt of operations, or if you want to call it ceasefire, but its not about syria or russia; its about the United States and the terrorist groups that have been affiliated to isis and al nusra and al qaeda, and to the United States and to turkey ande to saudi arabia. Sreenivasan the white house today rejected that charge, but assad went further, insistingth the u. S. Deliberately targeted Syrian Forces in a weekend airer strike. The u. S. Military says it was a mistake. At the same time, assad denied any syrian or russian involvement in the attack on a humanitarian aid convoy outside aleppo, on monday. In washington, the u. S. To militarys top general, joseph dunford, went before the Senate Armed Services committee, and rejected assads denial. Or the general also cknowledged a rift with the state department over a ceasefire provision,pa calling for militaryir coordination with the russians in syria. Chairman, i do not believe it would be a good idea to share intelligence with russians. Foonr sreenivasan the chairman, republican john mccain, presseda dunford on whether the Obama Administration has focused on the islamic state, at the expense of fighting assad. Ede im asking is our military strategy succeeding in syria . Our military strategy is focused on the counterisil campaign and my judgment we are succeeding in that campaign. So as far as youre concerned we ignore the 400,000 dead and the six million refugees. Thats caused by bashar assad. Sreenivasan as that hearing was under way in washington, secretary of state john kerry j was in new york, meeting with the Russian Foreign minister and the International Syria supporty group in a bid to revive the ceasefire. Prospects appeared doubtful, and moscow announced its sending its only aircraft a carrier to the mediterranean sea, to begin new air operationr in syria. And, outside damascus, thes, United Nations resumed deliveries of food and medicine, sending a convoy into a suburb of the syrian capital. For the pbs newshour, im Hari Sreenivasan. Ifill charlotte and tulsa are just the latest cities to grapple with the enormousmo struggles occurring nationally over shootings, violence, protests, civil rights, social justice and the role of law enforcement. List of other cities, including new york, chicago, minneapolis, oakland, baton rouge andci, ferguson to name just a few. These issues are particularly wrenching and part of an ongoing conversation among communities of color. We explore some of that now witn rashad robinson, executive director of the Racial Justice organization, color of change. Vanessa deluca, editorinchief of essence magazine. And andre perry, an author and educator welcome to you all. This has been a week, we reported about it last night on the newshour, where we weree talking about this brandnew Museum Opening in the mall, lots of rejoicing, lots of excitement about that, upbeat, and at the same time, the same conversations turn to whats happening in charlotte and tulsa. Rashad robinson, there is a dichotomy at work here. H what do you see . I think there absolutely is a dichotomy and it speaks to this idea of not mistaking presence for power. That just because we are seeing progress, progress for black folks in this country has never been on a linear sort of line. We have seen, you know, steps ahead and then steps backwards, and while we see huge steps forward, i got to see a sneak peek of that museum last night, and its beautiful. A it speaks to sort of all our hopes and aspirations and shows all of the struggles while, at the same time, the presence of a black president , the presence of black billionaires doesnton necessarily change the rules. The rules of policy, the rules of culture, the written and unwritten rules that govern us, so were seeing so much of that bubble up, that that alone does not change structure. No ifill let me just move on because we have a lot of thingso to talk about here. E vanessa deluca, are we moving forward, stalled, moving backward . I think were at a tipple point, right. There is so much to be celebrated, certainly with the museum, but if you look at our day to day, there is so much more that needs to be done in terms of accountability, in terms of seeking justice, that we cant ignore. So there needs to be were parallel pathing our way through this time inth our history and e cannot afford to erase anything. Certainly the museum is about not erasing our history, andd certainly we want to make sure in all of our protests and all of our questions that are raised about whats going on in our community right now that that history is also not erased. Ifill andre perry, eightht years of a black president , did it change anything or set us u back in some ways . No, it certainly, in the sense that when he was elected, the day after, the country, at least many people felt we took the country back, many people felt they regained a footholdo that they lost their america, but we clearly understand having a black president doesnt equate to progress for black people. Pe i want to throw out a few statistics. The u. S. Is the only developed country in which Maternal Mortality is on the rise. Three to four times the rate of black women die at the rate of white women. Funding for schools has actually widened between rich and poor districts, and at least half of the states in the country. In my state and home city of new orleans, one in seven black people are on prison and parole. So i would never quibble with anyone if someone said desegregation did me no favors. Ifill except when you listen to donald trump, hes saying the black community is in its worst position ever, ever, ever, rashad robinson. Ro we can have a conversation without including donald trump who is not talking to black folks at all but talking to white folks in a way of trying to speak down to and at black americans. There is a deep challenge. N i come from a family where i have a father in his marine uniform who is turned away from using bathrooms in the south while he was stationed heading off to vehement, a grandfather who was a sharecropper and couldnt read or write, so there are deep ways in which this country experienced progress, but once again it speaks to ways in which we have to constantly evaluate the rules, the rules that govern all of our lives, and constantly challenge systems that hold people back. And when black people win, when black people succeed in this country, its oftentimes been a symbol of everyone succeeding. So as there have been challenges, black folks oftentimes have been the canarya in the mine. So what were seeing, the industry, the struggles around generational poverty, theyre not just impacting black folks but there is this idea we oftentimes say, when america gets the cold, black people oftentimes get the flu. Fl ifill on the cover of your magazine, vanessa deluca, at least striking photo of barack obama which looks like a farewell to the president andnt first lady. Do readers respond with hope or despair . Certainly there is this longing and wanting for the Obama Administration and obama era to last longer, without a doubt, but there is hope that, in the next whoever the next administration is, that they will be cognizant of what is important to us and try to address the issues, and well hear more about that on the president ial debate on monday. Really, what do they stand for and what do they not stand for in terms of what resonates with our black community, and thats why i think people are kind of hopeful for we just want to hear a word, and a word that makes sense for everything thats going on around us that speaks to how were going to move forward. Fo ifill andre perry, whats a leaders responsibility,sp whether a president or county commissioner who we talked to earlier trevor fuller and why should it matter at all to the Broader Community . Oa its not too much to demand were not shot dead in thee street, its not too much to demand we get clean water in michigan. Some of the things we ask for are basic human rights. S so when i look at the president ial landscape, its not our job just to anoint hillary or trump just because one is a democrat or republican. We really have to charge them with having an explicit agenda for black people. So its not about hope for me. Its about whos going to deliver the political goods that we have yet to see and certainly since the Obama Administration and beyond. Ifill let me ask you to t take a huge step backward and talk about perception. We saw in the helicopter footage of what happened in tulsa this week, one of the Police Officers very far off the ground, lookinl at the man Terence Crutcher whoe was later killed and call him a bad dude. Clearly there were preconceptions, an idea even from a distance that this person must be a criminal. Are perceptions as much a part of the problem here as reality . It absolutely is. Ab its absolutely about the culture, the daily hostilest environment. Its not just simply about getting a job, right, or being treated fairly in a hospital, but its, about being able to rent a room. Om i also want to put on the table that it just wasnt what the helicopter what they said ine the helicopter about him being a bad guy, but it was after he was shot and laying on the ground and nond one rushed to give him medical attention, it speaks to this hostile world that black people have to live in, the lack of humanity. So, first of all, the lack of benefit of a doubt of who he was, and then the lack of humanity as he laid on the ground bleeding and pedicle help to save his life wasnt soar sof a first thing someone wanted to do speaks to a way, things black people have to contend with every day when we showwi up in a hospital, a courtroom. Ifill vanessa deluca, what do we do about this other than have another national dialogue,e another conversation . Well, i mean, i think, certainly, people need to use their vote as their voice, right . We fought so hard for that. The idea that there are some camps that are saying theyre not going to vote at all is just unconscionable. We fought too hard the to get this right, and it really does have an impact. I know there is the popular vota versus the electoral vote, people actually need to exercise their right to vote and to make sure they are voting for people who are serving their best interests. So i would say lets not pass that off as something that is just kind of a throwaway, but lets really embrace and not fritter away what so many generations fought so hard for us to be able to do. Ifill vanessa. Deluca, nertd chief of essence magazine, andre perry, author and educator and rashad robinson, thank you all. Thank you. Woodruff in the race to the white house, the candidates are taking different approaches in the final days leading up to tho first debate. John yang reports. Yang in pittsburgh this morning, donald trump made the unrest in charlotte his prime topic, and he added his own twist. Arc, the people who will suffer the most as a result of these riots are lawabiding African American residents who live in these communities where the crime is so rampant. Drugs are a very, very big factor in what youre watching on television at night. He said his tough law and orrd agenda which includes stop andst frisk a practice a federal judge said discriminated against minorities would benefit black americans. Our job is not to make life more comfortable for the violent disruptor, but to make life more comfortable for the African American parent trying to raise their kids in peace. Tr world peace with was a topic of a letter from 75 retiredof career diplomats slamming trump as entirely unqualified to serve as president. Most of the diplomats who signed the letter havent been publicly associated with politics. Meanwhile, a politico aroundcies of Campaign Finance reportspo found the Trump Campaign has said trumps businesses 8. 2 million, thats about 7 of the campaigns total spending. Hillary clinton spent the day behind closed doors preparing for monday nights debate, that left running mate tim kaine as the campaigns top messenger. We see challenges all overer the country, of gulfs and gaps that exist between communitiesom and law enforcement. Em weve got to put them on the table. Theyre not easy, but we can do that with a calm and peaceful spirit. Clinton also reached out to millennial voters appearing on the o new installment of a web series about two ferns that went online this morning. For the pbs newshour, im john yang. Woodruff theres been no shortage of attention paid toat who might win the president ial election this november. Al but what promises can they deliver once in office . Tonight, we examine what the early days of a Trump Presidency might look like, and whether the next congress would be an ally or a thorn in his side. For that, we turn to evan osnos. A staff writer for the new yorker. We and seung min kim, a congressional reporter for politico. Welcome to both of you. Even, im evan, you wrote a sort about the latest new yorker about what trump would do in his early days in office. You started by suggesting he would renounce this global agreement on climate change. How would that work is this what could he do . The campaign is preparing whats been described as the first day project, which would be an effort to try to do a large number of things right away using the powers of the executive office, the powers of the presidency. Theyre planning on 25 things. If they started, for instance, one of the ones they are weighing is to renounce the paris climate change. The president has Legal Authority to do it, much the way that george w. Bush when he came into office in 2001 was able to, for instance, remove the United States from an agreement on the International Criminal court. There is nothing the stops a president from doing that. They could also do other things. For instance, he could roll back some environmental regulations that have been imposed by the Obama Administration, and he could also redirect the bureau of alcohol, tobacco and firearms to say you no longer need to do background checks on gun purchases the way that you were directed to do so. Woodruff so he could take substantive steps in the early days that wouldnt require any congressional action. Seung min kim, let me return to you. The assumption is if donald trump wins hell probably keep a Republican Senate and house. So if he makes news like this, the presumption is there wont be much push backfrom the pushback from the hill. It depends on the form his proposals make. The executive order is interesting because what youve heard from reps and congress in the last several years, theyre basically calling president obama the imperial president , that he hacked too much on his own without the will of the congress to accomplish his agenda. So a lot of these goals perhaps on climate and environ that he hacked too much on his own without the will of the congress to accomplish his agenda. So a lot of these goals perhaps on climate and Environmental Issues donald trump may share with reps in congress but if not it will be interesting to see their response as to how donald trump deals with the powers of the executive branch. Woodruff evan one of the many things donald trump has talked about is suspending the syrian refugee program, the president is talking about to increasing the number over 100,000. 0, what is trump looking to doing . Trumps advisors tell me theyre looking to suspending it on day one. They say they can do that because refugees represent a threat to american security, thats the legal basis. S more broadly hes talking about a major change in American Immigration and he would also have the legal power to say were going to accelerate deportations. Woodruff the wall . The central promise. Of his candidacy would take a little foot work legislatively. Ti if its estimated to cost 25 billion, youre either going to have to get somebody in congress to appropriate that for you or likely, after negotiations and horse trading,r he would probably end up with a small symbolic extension of the border fence which has already been in place since 2006. 20 newt gingrich, trumps political advisor, tells me he has to do something on the wall for political reasons. If he doesnt, he has no credibility. Woodruff because its been b one of the central pieces of information he talked about. If donald trump starts to completely get rid of the syrian refugee intake, if he stoorts make moves on the wall and immigration, whats the reaction likely to be on the hill . The reaction is going to be, it depends. Youve seen obviously how donald trump made waves in his campaign with his positions on immigration, and on broader immigration he will need congress to appropriate money,mo if he wants to ramp up appropriations to build thebu wall. But weve also seen dynamics particularly in the senate next year, under a Trump Presidency, clearly very, very likely reps will have retained control. However, very unlikely that the will have the 60 votes necessary to advance basically any legislation in the senate. Se woodruff adam, let me turn you to Foreign Policy and to trade. Donald trump talked about doing away with t. P. P. , the transpacific trade agreement, and that leads to specific questions about relations with china. He could renounce t. P. P. And impose tariffs on specific goods from china. He can direct the Congress Department to bring cases under w. T. O. Whats interesting is if the w. T. O. Said your actions are illegal, he could withdraw the United States st woodruff the world trade organization. Exactly, which has been the basis of the rulesct of fair tre for decades, if they objected, he could say were pulling out,u the same way george w. Bush pulled the United States out of the antiballistic treaty. Woodruff and seung min kim, if thats what happens, whats the reaction on the hill . Donald trump on trade, specifically the transpacific partnership, has been the onep, area where he really has had an influence on members of congress. You see the reaction from republican senators who are up for reelection next year. People such as ohios rob portman whos a former u. S. Trade representative and pennsylvanias pat toomey whoat voted for trade deals in congress, theyre all running away from the t. P. P. Saying it has provisions i cant support, bad for ohio and pennsylvania. If those senators are reelected you can see them going along with donald trump ripping up the t. P. P. And starting over. Ov you would have a lot of support from democrats, because obviously backed by the union, democrats have disliked the t. P. P. Woodruff quick question onuf the iran nuclear deal. E what would donald trump do . Donald trump said he would renegotiate the deal. D its worth saying if he does that, that could constitute a violation of the terms of the deal from irans perspectivee which would then give iran permission to restart its nuclear plant. Woodruff a lot to consider here. Much more to go, but this gives us a sense of what the early days could look like. Li evan osnos and seung min kim, thank you both. Thanks for having me. Ks woodruff tomorrow welll explore what the early days of a Clinton Presidency might entail. Ifill and lets turn to our coverage of the issues of this campaign. Tonight, health care, and specifically whats at stake for president obamas signaturepr domestic achievement, the Affordable Care act, oftenle referred to as obamacare. Its turned into a significant issue in some states like arizona where polls show Hillary Clinton in a tight contest with donald trump. Special correspondent sarah varney looks at those concerns and the candidates plans. This story was produced in collaboration with our partner Kaiser Health news. Reporter just weeks before the president ial election, tempe, arizona resident josephine has spent nearly every morning driving. Waiting. And back at home. Worrying. Once uninsured, she was recently diagnosed with Breast Cancer and gets Health Coverage through a obamacare. The 61 year old, who goes by jo, says she trusts just one candidate to keep her covered. I will continue to improve the Affordable Care act. I will work to get the cost down premiums, copays, deductibles, Prescription Drug costs. P reporter Hillary Clinton has offered detailed plans tota preserve and expand the law, even pushing for a public option a type of government run insurance plan. She also wants to expand tax subsidies to reduce Health Care Costs anddu allow people 55 and older to buy into medicare. Were going to repeal and replace obamacare so quickly. Reporter meanwhile, donald trump wants to replace the health law with a handful of smaller measures, like allowing insurance to be sold across state lines and Tax Deductions for premiums. B Health Policy experts say these approaches would cover far fewer people than the Affordable Care act. Es im just calling democrats like you to ask if youre going to join me in supporting Hillary Clinton this year in arizona. Reporter as both campaignsgo ramp up their ground game here,i this once reliable red state is in play. Six years after the health law was signed, arizona stands out as a good example of whats at stake this election. Io this staunchly conservative state expanded medicaid to lowt income adults. But, in the Health Insurance marketplace, private Insurance Companies are pulling out andco arizonans are facing steep premium increases, leaving many to wonder whats next for theto Affordable Care act . At trivia night at carlys bistro in downtown phoenix, which draws a younger crowd, many here have been able to get Health Coverage because of the law, and they say theyll vote to protect it. Be trump would so severely limit the care that many people couldl get, that are in positions liket me, that have severe illnesses that would, that affect their lives, and how they can work,nd reporter but theres plenty of criticism too. Theres a lot of work thatle could be done, but its still t definitely better than how it used to be. On my take is really Less Government is better, seems liki everything that the government decides to manage, they, theyhe dont manage effectively or efficiently. Reporter in phoenixs sprawling subdivisions, some ofs that frustration arises from tha turbulent individual Insurance Market in arizona which has caused headaches for Joanne Ouellette and her Insurance Broker michael malasnik. My Insurance Company with the Affordable Care act, aetna, i hear theyre pulling out of arizona. Mpac reporter when the marketplace for individual Insurance Coverage in Arizona First opened, eight companieszo vied for consumers. After three years of low enrollment and higherthan expected medical claims, onlyan one insurer remains in about half the counties. Malasnik says hes already getting calls for the upcoming enrollment period. Lrs rustration and anger, atre this point. And then you also have a lot of people that are just getting worn down. Rn its like, its more of the same to them. Reporter in her woodshop in mesa, the exodus has raised questions for leah sondergeld about adequate access to medical care, the potential for priceia gouging, and the durability of the marketplace. This is an example of one of the forms to fill out for kates medication. Of reporter sondergeld, who is selfemployed, has been forced to switch plans each year asea insurers have come and gone. Her eldest daughter kate was diagnosed with epilepsy last year and with each switch comes frantic questions. What if they wont cover her current medication . What if they wont keep herat neurologist . What are we going to do . With one of the doctors, during that first transition with united healthcare, she was four days without medications. She was four days, i had to watch her have seizures. At reporter kate sondergeld, age 25, is back at the university of arizona in tucson after a long medical leave. But finding the best prescription was no small matter. Ndk n be my first one, i was severely allergic to, i had a bad reaction to it, and then the second one, was kind of when things started going downhill even more. I was blanking out. I have absent seizures. Reporter kate doesnt want the health law repealed. She remembers when she was a child and was denied coverage because of a preexistingov condition. Her mother, leah, says congressr should prevent insurers from quitting the marketplace. I dont care about what the republicans think, i dont care what the democrats want to do tt change. Just, tell blue cross blue shield, hey, guess what . Youre gonna keep this person. Reporter the drop in competition isnt just in arizona, says Caroline Pearson from the washingtonbased consulting firm, avalere health. Pearson says more than a thirdth of regions across the country may end up with only one insurer available, especially in rural areas. She says congress will need to pass some fixes to the law in 2017. I think were going to need a improvements to risk adjustment and potentially other programsan to help stabilize the market,ab and then, some very Creative Solutions to figure out, how wei actually get younger, healthier, people, middle income people,lt into the exchanges. Reporter despite the problems with the law, those who need Insurance Coverage like jo are doing better because of it. After years without seeing a doctor, jo was able to get a checkup which led to her cancer diagnosis and treatment. Studies suggest that because of the law, patients are more likely to have a regular doctor and get Preventive Health care, including vaccines and cancer screenings. And theyre less likely to postpone treatment because they cant afford it. I got a primary care doctor, which i hadnt had a primary care doctor for a decade. And from the primary care, itit just went from there, that the, the tests and the mammograms and the ultrasounds and the m. R. I. s and all that stuff. Reporter jo felt so strongly about being one of the 20 Million People whove gainedle coverage since president obama signed the health law, she wrote a letter to the white house. Then i got this in the mail. He was encouraged to hear about people who had benefited from the Affordable Care act. En signed barack obama. Reporter she said without the laws Consumer Protections that require insurers to cover people with preexisting conditions, she would be bankrupt or dead. But trump volunteer diana brest thinks the law has caused more harm than good and supports trumps vow to repeal it. At 66 and on medicare, she blames the law for driving up premiums for others. Obamacare, some people said, it was going to help, but i knew right away it wasnt lp i spoke to donald trump about that, two, two rallies ago. And he indicated that he was going to address those that areh having problems with insurance. And i know, knowing donald trump, that he will address it. Reporter but the debate over the health law has often ignorei a group that has seen widespread improvements from obamacare. Lowincome adults, like 45year old Alfred Mendoza of phoenix, who are now eligible for medicaid. More people have gained coverage in this way, than in all of the exchanges combined. A new Study Suggests that peopl living in the 31 states that expanded medicaid, like arizona, were more likely to report being in better health. Right, right. We got that from the ct scan, as well. Reporter mendoza, a truck driver who suffered a head injury from a crash, went years without Health Insurance. Now, with medicaid, hes finally getting treated. Crhe i dont have the funds, the means to, to pay for a c. T. Scan, to, an m. R. I. , its a lot of money to go see a specialist, you know, that, thats a lot of money. Go so, for me, its, its, its a ten. Reporter a flood of new medicaid patients have been arriving at community clinicsin around arizona with a backlog of untreated conditions, like high Blood Pressure and uncontrolled diabetes. Io medical providers say getting this population healthier willll take time, but theyre making progress. Your 100 point quote for your first movie. Reporter back in phoenix, at carlys bistro, the next question will be how much any of this will truly weigh on a very divided electorate as voters head to the polls. We reporter early voting in arizona begins october 12. For the pbs newshour and Kaiser Health news, im sarah varney. Woodruff now, the power of persuasion, and how there are ways to influence the thinking of potential consumers, ahead of more direct marketing messages. Paul solman bring us his latest making sense which airs w thursdays. Reporter ive heard it said that the most valuable thing ina todays world, postindustrial world, is the human beingsri attention and how to get it. Is that true . W i believe that. Reporter psychology Professor Robert cialdini c marketing maven, art enthusiast, palm reader. I used to be a palm reader and i learned the trick that they used to make people say, theyre right almost always. Reporter so what was the trick . In the 80s, cialdini wrote an attentiongetting classic influence the psychology of persuasion, intended to arm consumers against manipulative marketers. But those who made the bookoo famous were the persuaders themselves, who make a livinglv beckoning us every step we take. Those ads, those signs, thats old school persuasion, directing peoples minds to the content. Reporter in recent years, however, cialdini has made a New Discovery about how to spin friends and influence people. What im talking about is presuasion, directing their minds to the moment before they experience the content. Reporter yes, presuasion, the title of his new book. Presuasion is the practice of getting people sympathetic to your message before they experience it. Reporter before they even hear it even. It is what you say immediately before you deliver your message that leverages your success tremendously. Reporter or, if you are the messagee, that plays you like a puppet. The best salesman i ever saw told people, i left something in the car, can i get your keyi to let myself back in . I have an acquaintance who claims he got three great jobs by saying something before he began the job interview, in each instance. And i have a friend whos a consultant who says, he neverve gets pushback on the price he offers for his services, if he says one thing first. Reporter and presuasion demonstrably works, as well try to demonstrate throughout this story, by prepping the mind for the message, subliminally. Theres this interesting study, a guy goes to a Shopping Mall in france. And he tries to get womens phone numbers as they pass various shops so he could call for a date. One of them is a shoe store. And another was a bakery. But in neither of those instances was he very successful. He only got a number 13 of the time. But there was another kind of shop that doubled his success rate when women were passing it. A flower shop. Why . Because flowers put women in the mindset of romance. Reporter not consciously. Presuasively, by exploiting a rule of thumb passed down to us by evolution. If we are paying attention to something, its important, thats how we decide to pay attention. But a communicator can reroute our attention to something that isnt important, but make it seem important as a consequence. Reporter as a consequence of the very fact that wereac subconsciously paying attention to it. There is a study that shows that people who were asked their political opinions, when there was a picture of the American Flag in the corner of the questionnaire, reported more favorable attitudes toward Republican Party positions. Ic because the flag is typically associated in peoples minds with a republican belief set. Reporter as are churches. And studies show that pre suasive cues can subconsciously affect actual voting. If people vote at a polling place inside a church, they vote more republican. If they vote at a polling place inside a school, they vote more democrat. V c reporter now marketers, orc, at least some of them, have studied presuasions potency. One Online Furniture store tested images of fluffy clouds vs. Cold hard cash on its home page. S those who saw the background depiction of clouds, searched the site for more comfortable furniture. Those who went to the site that had money in their background became cost conscious and preferred to purchase less expensive furniture. Reporter isnt it obvious that our consciousness is beingo affected by, what . Our perceptive apparatus . Almost no one recognizes that the clouds or the coins had any impact on their behavior, and yet it did at significant levels. Its the cue that drives you in the direction of what seems more important now because youre focused on it. Reporter which is why we flashed the thinker at the top of this story to presuade you to ponder the puzzles we posed at the outset, but never answered. What was the trick of salesman, the job seeker, the pricey consultant . In each instance, they did something first. Reporter starting with the salesman who claimed hed forgotten something in his car. He created a sense of trust because who do you let back int your house by giving them your key, except someone you trust. Reporter and that made people more likely to buy whatde he was selling . Yes, because he had created a mindset in them that they were dealing with a trustworthy character. Reporter and the guy who got the jobs . Before every interview, hede ask the interviewers, why did you bring me in today . What was it about my qualifications that made you attracted to my candidacy . Reporter and what does that do . Ac it caused people to start focusing on the positive aspects of his case, before they even began discussing it. Reporter and the consultant who never got pushback on his fees . He would show prospects his proposal and his 75,000 fee and he would say, as you can tell, i wont be able to charge you 1 million for this. Reporter and what does that do . Io compared to 1 million, 75,000 now seems trivial. Reporter and why did cialdini urge us to lead this story with puzzles . One way to get presuasive attention to your case is to begin with a mystery story. Mysteries cause people to wantie to understand to get closure, which caused them, i hope, to want to stay with thest programming and listen till the end. Reporter so read my palm. Paul, i can see you are a stubborn man. Lm reporter im somewhat stubborn. M what ive done is to send you down a memory track where you would encounter times where you were stubborn. K and you would look at me and say, thats right. Reporter and thats the whole deal . At t no. Suppose i looked at your palm and saw the same thing and saida youre a very flexible man. Now ive sent you down a memory track where you would encounter times where you were flexible,we and you would say to me, thats right, thats who i am. Wh reporter well, i might not be quite that histrionic but i think i would say yeah, im flexible. And ive even done that with a person at a party. Read his palm, told him he washe stubborn at the beginning, told him he was a flexible guy at the end and he said youre right both times. Reporter but hey, making sense is supposed to be the newshours weekly economics b segment. So economics, as its taught and practiced, is based on the notion of rational maximization. Correct. Reporter this is not rational maximization. No. What new psychology suggests its the factor that is top of consciousness at the moment before you make that economic decision that will win the day. N reporter and so, from midtown manhattan, reporting stubbornly, yet flexibly, this is economics correspondent paul solman. Woodruff on the newshour online right now, meet thehe newest macarthur genius grant winners, and, how worried should we be about terrorism . All that and more is on our web site, pbs. Org newshour. Ifill and thats the newshour for tonight. Ho im gwen ifill. Woodruff and im judy woodruff. Join us online, and again here tomorrow evening with markrr shields and david brooks. For all of us at the pbs p newshour, thank you and good night. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by lincoln financial committed to helping you take charge of your financial futuren the lemelson foundation. Committed to improving lives through invention. In the u. S. And developing countries. Ov. Ohe web at lemelson. Org. And with the ongoing support of these institutions this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. Ra and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. N thank you. Captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc ho captioned by Media Access Group at wgbh access. Wgbh. Org acce announcer thi nightly busine with tyler ma cracks forming . The number of existing homes sold last month dropped unexpectedly, and theres important reason why. Laboriolations. A group of senators is taking the investigation into wells fargo one step further. Now theyre asking the Labor Department to get involved. Handsfree. Tesla rolls out its new version of its auto pilot. But how much control should drivers hand over to computers . Those stories and more tonight on nightly business rep for thursday, septem good evening, everyone, im sue herera. Tyler mathisen is on assignment tonight. We begin with the markets, where invests were in a risktaking