Major funding for the pbs moving our economy for 160 years. Bnsf, the engine that connects us. Lincoln financial is committed to helping you take charge of your future. F and the william and flora hewlett foundation, helping people build immeasurably better lives. Loda supported by the rockefeller foundation. Promoting the wellbeing off humanity around the world by rockefellerfoundation. Org and with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals. This program was made t possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. L thank you. Sreenivasan the United States warned turkey today over its military drive against Kurdish Forces in northernfo syria. Turkish tanks and planes are backing Syrian Rebels in attacks on the kurds, who are supported by the u. S. Defense secretary ash carter said the turks need to focus ond the Islamic State. American interests are quite clear. We, like they, want to combat isil and were calling on allis now lets keep our priorities clear here and helping them de conflict so to speak on the s battlefield. Sreenivasan turkish s president Recep Tayyip Erdogan insisted today the kurdish grout is an arm of the Islamic State, and he said his offensive meanwhile, the white house announced president obama will meet with erdogan on sunday, at an economic summit in china. Ifill in yemen at least 54 people died when a suicide truce bomb tore into a gathering of military recruits. The Islamic State group claimed the attack, in the Southern City of aden, near two schools and a mosque. Officials said the attacker drove through a gate and exploded a pickup truck. In addition to the dead, nearlyt e 70 people were wounded. Sreenivasan thousands of migrants were pulled from the sea off libya today in a newen surge of sailings. S the mostly african migrants were trying to reach italy. Y. Rescuers reached dozens of wooden boats packed with people, including women and Young Children. Some leaped into the water to swim toward rescue ships. Ifill a permanent ceasefire is now in effect in colombia. The formal halt to hostilities took place today, after the government and leftist f. A. R. C. Rebels agreed to end 52 years of warfare. Colombia will hold a National Referendum on the peace accordn in october. Sreenivasan brazils suspended president Dilma Rousseff proclaimed hercl innocence today at her impeachment trial. She said the effort to oust her on charges of breaking budget rules amounts to a coup. Rousseff choked back tears during her speech, and charged that the countrys economic elite want her overthrown. translated in the face of these accusations against me i cannot stop feeling in my mouth the sharp and bitter taste of injustice. Dont expect me to be silent. Against cowards, who in the past used weapons and today the judicial rhetoric that aims anew to undermine democracy and the rule of law. Sreenivasan the Brazilian Senate will vote within days on whether to remove rousseff fromt office. Ifill back in this country the u. S. Food and Drug Administration granted fast track approval of a test to detect the zika virus. The blood test made by roche will be used to screen patients who have symptoms of zika, and to screen donated blood. So far, about 2,500 cases of zika have been reported in the u. S. Sreenivasan in the president ial campaign a top aide to Hillary Clinton is leaving her husband over reports that hes sent sexual textl messages to another woman again. Huma abedin married then congressman Anthony Weiner in 2010. But hes repeatedly been accused of socalled sexting. Republican donald trump claimed today that weiner had access to government secrets through abedin. He said it shows clintons bad judgment. Ifill bank stocks led wall street today, amid talk of higher interest rates. The Dow Jones Industrial average gained 107 points to close above 18,500. In the nasdaq rose 13 points and the s p 500 added 11. Sreenivasan and, two deaths of note the latin music world mourned today for juan gabriel, mexicos topselling singer songwriter. He died of a heart attack sunday. Gabriels ballads about love and heartbreak often paired with u full mariachi band were widely popular throughout latin america and with spanish speakers in the u. S. Juan gabriel was 66 years old. Ifill and actor gene wilder died last night at his home in connecticut. He had alzheimers diesase. He had major hits in the 1970s with the producers, blazing saddles, and young frankenstein. And he was the lead in the 1971 version of willy wonka and thee charlie factory. There is no life i know to compare with Pure Imagination living thereth youll be free if you truly wish to be ifill gene wilder was 83 years old. Sreenivasan still to come on the newshour epipen goes generic, the role social media played in the price drop, we examine another violent and murderous weekend in chicago, George Washington universitysty new hire a convicted extremist and much more. Ifill Drugmaker Mylan has been under heavy fire for its soaring price hikes for epipens, the lifesaving necessity for those with serious allergic reactions. Its price has skyrocketed to as much as 600 for a set of two at first, mylan offered Financial Assistance to customers, but after mounting pressure, the company said it now will release a generic a version for half the price. To give us some perspective on how this case is different Stephen Schondelmeyer studies this closely at the universityun of minnesota, and Andrew Pollack covers pharmaceuticals for the new york times. Gentlemen, welcome. Ge Andrew Pollack, whats the big deal between a generic epipen and the kind this company has been producing and selling at such a markup . Its actually quite a bit confusing. The products are exactly the same. Its the same product. However, they are calling one version now a generic. G it will have a different packaga on it. It wont say epipen, and they will be selling it for half the list price of the branded product. Ifill has that everth happened before . Well, pharmaceutical companies or brandname pharmaceutical Companies Often do introduce their own generic version of their own drug. Its called an authorized generic. This is done once an outside Generic Company comes in to the market. This allows them to keep some of the sales rather than having all their sales being lost to the outside Generic Company. Ic what is unusual here is that mylan does not have an immediate genetic competitor for thee epipen. Ifill so theyre basically competing against publicpu relations at this point. Stephen schondelmeyer, how did a product that cost as little as 100 in 2007 rise to 600 today . Well, it did that because the marketplace does not have any regulation either government regulation or Market Regulation that olds that down and, in fact, this product at the employer i work with cost them 100 for this product in 2011 and today 730. That dramatic increase just isnt seen. Now theyre calling it a generic in name. But its not a generic meaning an independent, economic decisionmakerring choosing to compete are with the price of the brand name. So we wont see this behave like a normal generic in the market either. Ifill and even if its half price, it will still be 300, which is more than just a short time ago, right . Sure. Its more . Than 200 than it was not too long ago. No this is sort of like if your child happens to get kidnapped, and the kidnappers call you and say well cut the ransom in half, so youre going to save half the money. Im not sure you would call that a savings. Ifill Andrew Pollack, how did that get so much attention . T feels like we werent talking about these numbers just a couple of weeks ago. Yes, i think its partly the backtoschool season is the peak buying season for these products. This year, you had many parents buy more than in the past, having high deductible insurance plans where, having not met their deductibles, they had to pay the entire price. This started spreading on social media, and a big furor arose. Ifill so social media was the driving force behind this fury yore, this uprising, as it were . Yes, my colleague, tara, had an article on this a couple of days ago. Ifill tara parker pope, right. Stephen schondelmeyer i want to ask you a little bit about how this could have been avoided. The first thing mylan offered was coupons to reduce the price. Now today they talked about making available a generic version. Is there anything other theyth could have done to bring the price down or was this simply a force of the markets . Well, i think mylan could have avoided raising it so dramatically in the first placeh this is a product they have been raising 9. 9 at a time for twoo or three times a year and then in the last year they started raising it 14. 9 at a time for oneme or two or three times a year. The marketplace isnt going up that rapidly in terms of inflation, and most people andd their resources dont go up that punch. Then they come back and say this is covered by insurance so what are people worried about . Well, the Insurance Company i doesnt pay for this drug. The Insurance Company billsmp somebody for the drug and pays pharmacies for it, but theth Insurance Company just processes transactions. So premiums for insurance are outofpocket costs, also, andan they seem to have ignored that. Ifill you mentioned the Insurance Companies and the the high deductibles, andreas lubitz, how much is this driven the company says this is driven in part by the high deductible plans and this is t part of the problem and not the pricing structure they created for the drug. This has been a battle between the pharmaceutical companies, not just mylan, and the insurers, each blaming the other. But in defense of the Insurance Companies, i mean, they say they have to take some measures because the price keeps going up, and its part of the play book of all the drug companiesco especially those with highprice drugs to pry to try to cushion the consumer and, you know, bill the Insurance Company. This does seemur like were chasing our tails here. Er there is price which drives the insurance which drives the price, and caught in the middle of all this is the person whos trying to make use of the drug. So Stephen Schondelmeyer, let mm ask you something about why this one. Weve heard lots of talk before and observe this program weve talked about the high cost of pharmaceuticals. Is this because its something used for children and that has gotten people angry in ay different way . Well, i think partly becausel its used for children and also because this is literally a drug about life and death. At if you dont have it, theres a high probability a patient could die without access to this drug. Also, this is a drug that you have to have on hand to prevent a problem, so the patient may have to have one or two doices at home, one at their cabin up north, one or two doses at school, and a school may have 40 or 50 epipens, and technically, right now, the nurse cant use one patients epipen for another patient. So we may need to look at some alternative policies of how these are used at schools. We may have locks on them and they be readily available at the school and have them on hand instead of everyone having tog have one. Stephen schondelmeyer of theep university of minnesota and a Andrew Pollack of the new york times. Thank you very much. Sreenivasan but first, across the country, students are heading back to school. As on many campuses, today is the first day of classes at George Washington university. This summer, a think tank at the school made one of the most unique hires in academia. The newshour has a broadcast exclusive interview with a man who was once convicted of terrorism related charges, and is now a researcher on campus. I caught up with Jesse Curtis Morton recently. This is Jesse Curtis Morton, in 2010 he went by another name Younus Abdullah muhammad. We will fight you and destroy you if we have to, but we prefeb that you come home and pack it up. Stop killing our innocent womeni and children overseas. Sreenivasan born in the u. S. He grew up in pennsylvania and new jerseysy but morton became a muslim extremist. This was him on the streets of new york. Yo there will be no peace with israel until israel is in pieces. Sreenivasan morton also helped found revolution muslim, a website that the f. B. I. Says encouraged muslims to support osama bin laden, al qaeda and other violent jihadi groups. The website threatened violence against the creators of the Comedy Central show south park, for a 2010 cartoon depicting the prophet mohammed. In 2012, morton was sentenced to more than 11 and a half years in jail for using the internet to threaten bodily harm. At but here we are four years later. Hes a free man with a decent paying job at a georgege Washington University think tank inside the nations capital. Morton is out of jail early j because he cooperated with authorities in the u. S. And overseas. He worked undercover to gather intelligence on those who still trusted the man they saw in those videos. He helped train Law Enforcement to recognize people on the path he was on, and helped analyze the behavior of suspected terrorists with insights only someone like he could have. Youre on camera now. Your face is going to be outu there. And youre going to be Walking Around a College Campus as someone who has been convicted of supporting alqaeda. Yes. Sreenivasan theres 10,000 sets of parents who might be a little concerned that someone with a target on their back might be Walking Around on the same campus as their students. There has been an extensive security plan put in place by a very competent Security Team atm George Washington, and we have assessed the risk with Law Enforcement community, federal, local, and some state agencies. And there is very, very little risk at this point. Sreenivasan getting to this point, morton says has been a long road through radicalization and, then, deradicalization. I came from a very tumultuouo childhood where there was severe abuse. When i reached out to my societ and tried to get assistance to stop that abuse, my school, my family, and the society around me didnt prevent it. So, at a very young age, i rejected American Culture and the american way of life so to say, and sought new identity. Sreenivasan not to discount the abuse that you went through lots of kids live through child abuse. They dont go out and build websites supporting osama bin laden. Well, its a common denominator with regard to radicalization processes. To when we study pre radicalization, we see trauma, we see criminality, we see that the radical or the violent extremist interpretation of islam attracts people with some degree of baggage. It doesnt mean that i justify it. It doesnt mean that i blame what i became on what i went through. Sreenivasan a runaway at 16, he was a hippie following the grateful dead. Drug dealing landed him in jailn and there he says began his slow introduction to islam. There are people who convert to islam all over the world, every day. Dont end up where you are. Hows that . I was a radical, and extremely political before i adopted islam. So i think i naturally gravitated toward the politicized interpretation of islam. And from there, identified with the sort of antiimperialist message that was being promoted by alqaeda. Sreenivasan his thoughts were becoming progressively more radical. In 2006, at a muslim day paraded in new york, he happened upon the extremist muslim thinkers society. I glanced to my left and it saw the black flag, what we call the black flag of isis now, butc has a much longer history. Andon saw the movement or the Group Promoting the images of dead children on the street. George bush saying this is going to take a awhile. Ge and selling tshirts that said i love jihad in arabic. I immediately walked up to themu and told them i wanted to join them. And very soon i was climbing their ranks and becoming one of their primary speakers on theng streets of manhattan, jackson heights, queens, on the streets outside of israeli embassiessr sreenivasan around this time, morton enrolled at columbia universitys school of international and publicin affairs, earning a masters degree in international affairs. I was sort of sort of like i was living dual lives. I was jesse morton in school and i was abdul mohammad, leader ofo revolution muslim, outside of school. And i never combined the two so people didnt really know what e was doing while i was at columbia. Sreenivasan but the Ivy League Education did nothing to moderate mortons world view. In 2007, he and a few other radicals started the revolution muslim website. At the time online radicalization was becoming easier, because of the web 2. 0. The relatively nascent platforms like youtube and chatrooms. Online forums, that was the platform back then. You could see that the number of hits that were on the websitee were growing and mounting, so wg knew that we were having an enhanced impact. Sreenivasan the nowdefunct website posted calls for jihad and excerpts from inspire, the al qaeda magazine. Lorenzo vidino is the director of the program on extremism at George Washingtons center for cyber and homeland security. It was his idea to hire morton. His website was one of the first i would say the first website in the u. S. That spread the message of al qaeda, of other groups. It was sort of the go to place for wannabe jihadists in thest u. S. It is no coincidence that at variety of individuals who have gone down the trajectory of radicalization and eventually become terrorists were involved in one way or another with the website. Sreenivasan in year 2009, morton moved to morocco. While running the website, he taught english and standardized test prep. Ironically, moving to morocco didnt harden his views toward jihad quite the opposite. H meeting a new generation ofon students morton says made him begin rethinking things. In my conversations with my students i realized that the vision, the utopian visions of the Islamic State that i held, in general, particularly from amongst the millennialgs population, didnt have any desire for such a society. Sreenivasan in may of 2011,s morton was arrested in morocco on a u. S. Criminal complaint, charged with communicating threats online. After five months in a moroccan prison, he was flown back to the u. S. To face tria his deradicalization began on the plane ride home. The agent that initiated communication on that plane asked me what i wanted to be w called jesse morton or Younis Abdullah mohammed. And interestingly enough, i responded jesse morton. And it shocked me too. D and over time i learned that my identity was Abdul Mohammed was an effort to kill a person that i hated. Sreenivasan he eventually received an 11 and a half year sentence. In jail, he was interviewed by Counter Terror officials. Those interactions, furtheria changed his world view. I had interaction with a veri intelligent and very sincere female f. B. I. Agent. And over the course of a very long debriefing process, the worldview that i once held thatd held them to be enemies of islam and engaged them in a conspiracy to prevent islam from establishing itself politicallys was in fact, false. Sreenivasan soon, morton says he began helping Counter Terrorism officials in theirr investigations. We generated significant rewards from my cooperation. Some of which involved international activity. At the time the Syrian Civil War was heating up and more jihadisl groups were appearing. And several people from the wese were joining them. I cant talk about specifics of particular cases, but we also yielded domestic investigatory gains. Sreenivasan Lorenzo Vidino thinks morton will make a valuable contribution to research on terrorism and o radicalization. Most of the analysis of radicalization comes fromm outsiders, from people who are just studying it. Ju this analysis will come from the inside, first hand from someone who has lived it and has played a prominent role in that scene. Theres also going to be several people watching this, asking, how do we know hes telling thew truth . How can we trust him . The prosecuting attorney on my case, advocated for my hiring at George Washington. Some of the biggest high profile individuals of the Counter Terrorism community have also vouched for me. I will prove that to the public as time goes on. Sreenivasan what if somebody doesnt want to believe that and puts your life at risk . If i am willing to sacrifice in the past so much to promote such a disgusting ideology, than i think that if im sincere in my reform, i should be as equally dedicated and equally passionat about trying to repair some of the damage that ive done. Sreenivasan for the pbsre newshour, im hari sreenivasan, in washington. Sreenivasan stay with us. Coming up on the newshour on politics monday looks ahead to Donald Trumps immigrationru speech and some final primary elections, plus, a story of friendship and hardship while growing up in brooklyn. Sreenivasan but first, more than 80 people have been killed in chicago this month. And more than 400 have been shot in august. Its part of a weekly and even daily pattern of violence plaguing big and often impoverished sections of thehe city. So far, its a crisis that has eluded major solutions. John yang has the story. Ty reporter one of chicagos bloodiest weekends this year t ended the citys deadliest month in 20 years. Among the victims Nykea Aldridge a cousin of basketball star dwayne wade, now with the chicago bulls. Police superintendent Eddie Johnson nd she wasnt aware that her short life would stand as an example for what is a clear failure in the criminal Justice System here in chicago. Reporter aldridge was caught in a crossfire as she pushed one of her four Young Children in a stroller near a school on the citys south side. The surge in gun killings has largely been concentrated there and on the west side. Two brothers darwin and Derren Sorrells are now charged with firstdegree murder ingr aldridges killing. Both are convicted felons on parole, and police said Derren Sorrells is a gang member. This reprehensible act of violence is an example of why we need to change the way we treat habitual offenders in the city of chicago. When will enough be enough e reporter gun violence hasle fueled a jump in chicago homicides this year to more than 449, nearly as many as all of last year. More than 2,300 shootings have been reported since january. And, police have seized nearly 6,000 illegal guns roughly on, every hour. So far this year, chicago has seen more homicides than new york and los angeles combined even though both are larger. John yanyang yang i cant thid by jedidah brown, a Community Organizer whos seen this violence first hand. Hes president of chicago life, a Community Advocacy group, andd by lori lightoot, the president r of the Chicago Police board andn the head of the Police Accountability task force. They both join us this evening from chicago. Thanks for being with us. Ms. Lightfoot, this has been a problem for so many years in chicago. Weve seen evolving tactics and strategies by the police, by community activists. Is there anything you can point to from your point of view thats a sign of hope, thats a sign of progress . Es well, i think one of the most important things is this issue of violence is now not something thats isolated to particular neighborhoods in chicago, but its really a conversation which captured the imagination of people across the city. Ci i think shining a light on it and transparentsy around that is something thats very important. The reason for that is we have a lot of great, smart, committed people here in chicago, and i think bringing people together to take a fresh look at some of these issues is going to be vitally important to really making an appreciable difference in whats happening in chicago. Also not just thinking about this from a Law Enforcement perspective, the issues that iss think are the root causes of the violence that we see in many of these neighborhoods are not something thats going to be solved purely with a Law Enforcement answer. Weve got to use soft power. Po there is got to be investment in neighborhoods. Weve got to make sure were giving our young people alternatives to this life on the streets, and weve got to keep k talking about the importance of the sanctity of life, but we also absolutely have to focus on the proliferation of ill real guns that really is changing and making it difficult to solve these violence issues. I cant think. Yang pastor brown, youreyo on the streets and you talk to these young people and see whats going on. What do you think about what ms. Lightfoot said about the use of soft power, knot just a police issue . Po i think those are great talking points. Ta i saw a young man shot this morning. Yes, the conversation is being had across the city, but the conversation is people waking uw to the fact that this Mayoral Administration has failed ourai city, that there is a lot of dysfunction in our neighborhoods because there is no representation, there is no resources, there is no activities, and there is just au lot of talk. So i hear what shes saying, but the reality of it is that it hasnt gotten any better. Im praying this man that got shot this morning on my block is going to live. Yang you tack about sittins in your living room and hearing shots and sirens at night but you say you still love the city. Yes, i love chicago. Im not giving up on it. Even seeing the young man shot this morning. Like i said, the conversation as a resident, we recognize thee city hall and the policee department, they could do more to empower the residents but they simply wont do it because i dont think they frankly carer but i as a resident am not giving in to the violence and the misconception of whats going on. Yang hes talking about the feeling the city leaders dont d care about the south side. De i think thats wrong. There is more to be tone, no question about that, but what we need to be working towards is a place where people who are directly affected by violence, people who have good will across the sticks elected officials ana the Police Department, are coming together in a space where we can Work Together towards a solution. The people who are literally captives in their neighborhoods because of the n violence, the rhetoric, pointing fingers, that doesnt help solve the problem that they live through every single day. Si while i respect the pastors opinion, i think what we need ta be thinking about is how we can move Forward Together as a community to solve this issue as a community. It cant be talked down. It it cant be topdown, it cant be only the policeth department doing it without respectful engagement of the community but it has to be something we all have to roll our sleeves up on and workingrk toward solution. I think the language we use is also as important as thehe specific actions we take. I think we need to move toward positiveo solutions that are at multiple tiers with all the relevant stakeholders rolling up their sleeves and working hard w to address the issue. He as i said, its not an issue the Police Department can solve by itself. It absolutely has a role to play but so do our federal Law Enforcement partners as well as the faith community, the people out there in those neighborhoodh and we have to create a space where those conversations can be had. Yang pastor brown, you saia these are nice talking points, but what would you want to see done to achieve your goals . So what im doing now is im actually organizing my neighborhood to take its safety in its own hands, trying to get residents back to the day ofo Community Watch and community patrols. I do want to point out that, yeah, its going to take all hands on deck and, so, like either with lori, who i met whe she was appointed by the mayor, and they made a commitment to u to working with us, and weve not heard anything from them once they realized we werent just going to provide them cover. Verye have been working hard to organize the neighborhood and to let peopleop know that they have to take Public Safety into their own hands and the cavalry is coming. Weve heard nothing from cityi hall and they know were the ones doing the real work and were out here consistently when victims are shot. So were trying to find something to replace the trauma. When someone is shot in the neighborhood, it creates a very intense sorrow and grief and wanting to give up and now were getting ready to do popups in the neighborhood to reduce gun violence and were having to doo it on our own. Yang pastor jedidah brown,i lori lightoot, this wont be the last time we talk about this but unfortunately were out of time. Thank you for joining us. Thank you. Ifill as the summer winds wind down, the president ialhe campaign is only gathering steam. As candidates and voters sort a through the pluses and minusesh of immigration reform, questions about the clinton foundation, appeals to African American voters, and a dramatically altered general election map. Its politics monday, so we turn to amy walter of the Cook Political Report and Stuart Rothenberg of the washington post. Welcome to you back. Happy monday. Lets start 3,000 feet up and talk about the map. One of the things thats different in this election is nap feels different. The states republicans think are slam dunks arent necessarily. Ne is that for democrats . The bad news for republicans, the states that look less likely to be in their traditional lane are the ones republicans in recent elections have held on o to. Youen look at the polling now, there isnt one state Hillary Clinton is trailing in that barack obama did not win or that mitt romney won. So shes winning in all the states that barack obama carried, and shes also doingg better than obama in some of the states that he didnt carry specifically in 2012 like north carolina, but now were talking about arizona, missouri, georgia. Even South Carolina has becomeol more competitive. These are states still at reach for Hillary Clinton but the fac theyre even on the map makes it different and this is the big irony is donald trump is going to come in and shake up the map. He is the one to make all the changes. There is not one state that S Barack Obama carried that hes doing well. Well. Ifill the map has been shaken but not to his advantage. I think the 2012 obamaromney race is the baseline and thered are a couple of republicane states that look to be flirting with Hillary Clinton. La there are a couple of democratic states that donald trump is making a run at, particularlya nevada and iowa. Otherwise, the rest of the map looks consistent. Two look to be off the table, colorado and virginia where former secretary clinton is doing well. We ifill lets talk about donald trump. He is going to give a speech on wednesday, he has said. He said this before, on on immigration. Has he softened on immigration . N i guess thats the questiont that were all wondering is what is happening. Many minds on this issue. The first says there is nothing new or different about a candidate after a primary softening and moving to the center, there is nothing newer about that. Usually a candidate does Something Like may or june or maybe at the convention which he obviously didnt do. The other thing is if youreyo going to move on a centerpiece of your campaign, you shouldsh probably have an actual message on that, know what that policy is, neither he nor his campaign seems to understand what that is. The final thing is making a change on the policy isnt the issue. Its the temperament thats the issue. Its always a bigger issue. Amy said she has many minds on this issue. Is donald trump has many minds on what his motion is on this issue. There has been buzz in the last 24 hours that trump will come out wednesday talking aboutab securing the border first and then addressing people who are here without papers. I think he has tried to soften his message a little bit by talking more about a humane treatment. Ifill he has used that word more than once, yes. Ye six months ago, a year ago,ag it was he never seemed to be concerned with how people are being treated, just get them the hell out. Signing thats a difference. Di ifill Hillary Clintons sore spot, questionsy about her truthfulness, her honesty,ty emails, and in this poll from Monmouth University that came out today, voters were asked dos you think Hillary Clinton gave big donations to favors to the donors of the clinton foundation. Shes leading well nationally. Steve and i have listened to many voters saying this is the lesser of woo evils. People are not excited about the choice. Least badcking the candidate. Perceptions of Hillary Clinton are pretty well settled. They dont think shes trustworthy, theyre not happy, but when they look at the other choice, they feel less secure. Ifill these choices dont happen in a vacuum. Theyre not going to feel shes trustworthy between now and then and thats a problem. Le but the monmouth poll is ahead by 7 points but you have to choose which candidate do i hate least among voters. Ifill does that mean shes safe and she doesnt need to worry about questions like that . Any candidate should worry all the time and campaignmp managers do. S i think most of the negatives for most candidates are already baked in the cake. Having said that, if youre Hillary Clinton, you dont want the topic to be the foundation or emails. You want to be discussing different kinds of things. I think unless something new comes out and changes the martive, we probably have the race that we have now for a while. I completely agree. A ifill i was watching last week as donald trump came out repeatedly and made a real pitch to africanamerican voters. You talk about these are the things that usually happen in the spring and Hillary Clinton pushed back as well. We i got the distinct impression they werent talking to africanamerican voters. Amy, what was your impression . My impression was the challenge right now for the Trump Campaign is to consolidato republican voters. Part of the reason hes behind 7 or 8 points in some of the polls is because hes losing republicans. Talking to the suburban swing voters who have distanced themselves from trump, trying tp bring them back by saying hes really not as bigoted as he may come across. Hes more humane. Its Hillary Clinton that has c the problem. Thats a tough message to deliver. Hillary clinton with her record, her support in the minority community, particularly the africanamerican community, the way they view her, calling her a bigot, i dont think theyre t going to accept that. Look, the republicans do have an opportunity here to make the chase to latinos, to africanamericans, to allal minorities about the republican agenda and free market and all that. Trump is not the guy to make that argument. At ifill all right, stu, well see. We Stuart Rothenberg of thest washington post, amy walter of the Cook Political Report. Thank you both very much. V thank you. Ifill where do you fit in the political spectrum comparedi to other voters this election . C developed with pew research center, weve updated our Political Party quiz. Take it now, on our website pbs. Org newshour. Sreenivasan next, a noveliss and poet who writes for young people and adults, and a new work of fiction that looks back at a world she knew well. Jeffrey brown makes a new addition to the newshour bookshelf from brooklyn, newws york. The basketball courts have moved. They used to be along here. But they came along and renovated the park and put down brown did you come back up here when you were writing . Re i did. I wanted to talk about walking through it. I really wanted to get this pare on the page. Brown the park is in the brooklyn neighborhood of bushwick, where author Jacqueline Woodson came of age in the 1970s. Her new novel, set in that timet and place, is about four teenage friends, as woodson writes growing up girl in the citywo with big aspirations, but also suffering terrible losses along the way. Its called another brooklyn. I knew it was going to be an story about friendship and the way people come together and eventually come apart. So i just went in, and of course having grown up girl in brooklyn myself, it was, i had some information that i needed to tell this story. Or brown and you wanted to tell this because . I dont think its a story thats really been told in that way that we talk intimately i about the complexity of what it means to grow up not only girl, but to grow up a girl of color, and grow up specifically an africanamerican girl, or a caribbeanamerican girl, in the city. I had the main character of bushwick, which is a character i knew well because i grew up there, but. Brown you mean the place as a character . La yeah, the place. Brown so you felt that from the beginning . Yeah, i knew that bushwickh, was going to be the main character, that everything was going to revolve in this i neighborhood. Brown the bushwick of the 1970s that woodson describes had more than its share of problems and dangers, especially for young girls. Drugs were everywhere. White flight was well underway. But she also recalls a vibrant place, with young people, like her characters, who aspired to and achieved great things. It was very much alive, and i wanted to capture that. Especially given how people think of bushwick as this place thats newly discovered. And every time i hear that imti just like, no, there were people here before then. Brown do you fear that that history has been lost . Is that part of what going on here . Yeah, i think it can get lost. But i think writers are the history keepers, right . Were the ones who are bearingre witness to whats going on in the world, and i feel like its our job to put that down on paper, and put it out into the world so that it can bet remembered. Brown woodson told her own story of growing up in South Carolina and then brooklyn ind her 2014 free verse memoir brown girl dreaming, where she described how she dreamed of being a writer at the age ofea seven. Brown why a writer . When i was a kid i got in trouble for lying a lot, and i had a teacher say, instead of lying, write it down, because if you write it down its not a lie anymore, its fiction . So i was like. Brown thats your definition of fiction. Its legitimized. But also i just loved the physical act of writing. When i learned to write my name for the first time there was such a power to realizing thatal you put letters together, and they make words, and you put words together, and they make sentences, and sentences make paragraphs. And that was magic to me, that all you needed was this pencil and a notebook, and you were one your way. Brown on her way to a life of writing and many honors. Woodson is author of more than 30 books for children and young adults. Her memoir won the National Book award for young peoplesl literature. The new novel is her first for adults in 20 years. Woodson still lives in brooklynk in a different neighborhood. And when we returned with her to bushwick, she kept running into old friends. This one in front of her childhood family home. Like much of the neighborhood, its been renovated. Brooklyn itself is another brooklyn now gentrified, with whites moving back in. Woodson says she always wants ta tell the bigger story, beyondte her characters. Its always been me in the context of the bigger world, and the context of the greater good, and the context of what is this story trying to say, and why is it trying to say it, and what does it mean to someone outside of this experience. So even as im creating the characters, and putting them on the page, and having them movepa around, im thinking what does it mean when i put four black girls on the page, what is it going to mean when it goes out o into the world, how are they going to be represented, how are they going to be digested, and what is my responsibility in all of that . Brown Jacqueline Woodson now has another responsibility lasa year the Poetry Foundation named her young peoples poet laureate. From brooklyn, new york, imly Jeffrey Brown for the pbsbr newshour. Sreenivasan you can see Jacqueline Woodson read herue poem, bushwick History Lesson on our website at pbs. Org newshour. Ifill and well be back in a moment. Mo but first, take this time to hear from your local pbs station. Its a chance to offer your support, which helps keepor programs like ours on the air. For those stations still with us, we turn to how digital devices are taking a toll onde kids and families. A documentary being shown in schools across the country this fall explores this topic and offers ideas about how families can navigate these waters. William brangham has our encore look. Reporter the documentary is called screenagers, and in it, dr. Delaney ruston explores the complex relationship teenagers have with their screens. Both the pleasures they take in sharing their lives online, with their friends, as well as the darker side those who lose control of their digital habits, and spiral into damaging behavior. I hugged him and felt the bones sticking out of his back. Reporter the film also profiles the latest research about the impact all this screentime has on the brains of young people you have a brain that is wired for what in psychology is called seeking behavior, the kind of thing that a googlend search gives you. Something new, somethingg stimulating, something different. Reporter throughout the film, ruston also turns the camera on herself, exploring the real and alltoocommon conflicts that flare up as she and her family haggle over screen time. H what should the rules be because we dont have any now. I think the rules should be a rule, like im not on it 247. When we had it, you werere always checking it, dont you see if you put this in front of me, i will go in it and, yes, i can find something to do on it. Okay. Just get dressed. Et im sorry youre crying. Reporter i met with delaney reporter i met with Delaney Ruston last week in washingtonsh d. C. What was it initially, what made you want to do this film . Well, i was having a really hard time as a mom with my two kids. You know, my son wanted to play video games a lot and my daughter really wanted more and more social media, and i felt completely out of control. And as a doctor, i was thinkingc what is the impact of all this screen time . I knew as a mom that every day there was tension in the house and i felt completely out of control on what to do, what kind of limits to set, how this was affecting them. Reporter now that youveow done all this research, what was it im curious that most surprised you that you found . Ou well, i think one thing that really helped me to start beinge a better parent around this is to learn that the dopamine thats secreted in the brains Pleasure Center when we get new bits of information and we look at the screens that center of the brain is most activated when were kids and were teenagers. T so knowing that they are so pulled into these in a way that we cant even understand has made me not be as angry at them but realize theres a lot more i need to do in my parenting. Reporter so these are little electronic Drug Delivery devices . I know thats a crude way to put it, but thats what youre saying. Absolutely, i mean its amazing that theres many studies that look at m. R. I. K scans of the brain of kids who play a lot of video games, 20 hours or more a week. And when they compare them to people who are addicted to, say, drugs or alcohol, their brains scans are similar. So something is really happenin on the physiological level, its not just psychological. We exposed young mice to switching sounds and light. Reporter in the film, rustoi talks with researchers who are studying what multitasking switching rapidly back and forth between digital devices doesdi to the brain function of mice. M afterward we looked at the effect on learning and found that the ability of these young mice to learn new things was very much compromised. It took them three times longerr or more to learn how to go through a maze than the non exposed young mice. We are exposing a whole generation of children to thisch rapidpaced media and we have nn clue what it does to the brain and if its the same as we see in the mice, this is very shocking news. Reporter does that kind of stuff terrify you . Or do you think this research is not necessarily analogous . S . How are people supposed to s process this information . You know, i think its a question about how much were giving kids full potential in everything that they do. And to me a big issue is how much time they have with all h sorts of skills that theyre learning offline social engagement, competency, talking to people face to face. I think if were giving them a lot of those situations that even if theres some concern about Attention Span and possibly some changes in the brain, i think that humans are resilient enough and already were seeing that people are not, you know, dropping likew, flies from screen time. I dont think were at that place yet where we need to beee really alarmist. Every girl in the picture is locked into her phone. Two for two, lead off single here in the fourth, and nobody noticed. Can we do an intervention . This is all about teaching kids self control, and what weve learned through the research is that its absolutely teachable. So i would really discourage a family from getting a child a device when they dont thinkhi theyll be able to control themselves from when they use it. Reporter ruston has been taking her film across the country recently holding screenings in dozens and dozens of cities encouraging parents and kids to come, watch, and to then continue the conversation at home. You know whats really exciting . Is that kids and teenagers actually want to talk about these issues, and i think it doesnt take that long in homeroom or in some other setting to ask these questions about what are you struggling with your screen time . Or what do you see happening on social media . And once we say we want to hear from you then they care as opposed to what i see so often, is this message of zero tolerance, lets just take everything away and get mad at you. Thats not going to get kids to open up and make them comfortable to be a part of this and thats really what this is going to take. Reporter for the pbs newshour, im William Brangham in washington d. C. Sreenivasan and thats theiv newshour for tonight. On tuesday, we visit iceland and learn why some icelanders wantla to reduce tourism to the island nation. Im hari sreenivasan. Ifill and im gwen ifill. I join us online and again here tomorrow evening. For all of us at the pbsat newshour, thank you and good night. Ni t. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by lincoln financial is committed to helping you take charge of your future. And by the alfred p. Sloan foundation. Supporting science, technology,h and improved Economic Performance and financialfi literacy in the 21st century. Supported by the john d. And catherine t. Macarthur foundation. T. Committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. More information at macfound. Org and with the ongoing support of these institutions this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by Media Access Group at wgbh access. Wgbh. Org this is bbc world news america. Funding of this presentation is made possible by the freeman foundation, newmans own foundation, giving all profits from newmans own to charity and pursuing the common good, kovler foundation, pursuing solutions for americas neglected needs, and aruba tourism authority. Planning a vacation escape that is relaxing, inviting, and exciting is a lot easier than you think. You can find it here, in aruba. Families, couples, and friends can all find their escape on the island with warm, sunny days,