Moving our economy for 160 years. Bnsf, the engine that connects us. And the william and flora hewlett foundation, helping people build immeasurably better lives. And with the ongoing support of these institutions this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Woodruff president obama and russian president Vladimir Putin went to the United Nations today where they laid out starkly different visions on the future of syria. The two men addressed World Leaders, disagreeing openly on whether syrian president Bashar Alassad must go, or stay. Later, they met privately. Well get a full report on developments at the start of this big week at the u. N. After the news summary. In other news, wall street had a bad monday over new signs of weakness in chinas economy and falling oil prices. The Dow Jones Industrial average lost nearly 313 points to close back near 16,000, down about 2 . The nasdaq fell 142 points, or 3 . And the s p 500 dropped 49, 2 1 2 . As the u. S. Focused on syria at the u. N. , the taliban scored a major coup in afghanistan. Hundreds of fighters attacked and captured the city of kunduz, a provincial capital in the north. The taliban militants took cell phone video of themselves, after this seizure of a major afghan city for the First Time Since the u. S. Invasion in 2001. translated this is our hope. We want to build a religious school, to build a school, to build a bridge, a road, a shariabased government. This is why we came out and this is what we fought for, so that sharia law is in force here. Woodruff for more on the fall of kunduz and its significance, i spoke to freelance journalist Sune Engel Rasmussen in kabul. Sune, welcome. Tell us what happened. How did the taliban pull this off . This is an attack that started around 3 00 a. M. In the morning and the taliban attacked the city of kunduz in districts, three Different Directions around, surrounding the city. Around mid morning, they captured the Regional Hospital in the city and early in the afternoon theyd taken the Intelligence Service headquarters, taken and released hundreds of prisoners and set fire to tun building. So it seems to be a very concerted effort by militant groups in not just kunduz but different provinces and seems to be weeks if not months in the making. Woodruff why is kunduz in such a vulnerable position . One of the main reasons is the withdrawal of the foreign troops. The the german troops pulled out two years ago and since then the government has had a hard time establishing authority, and people on their side, not least kunduz is where a lot of opposition of the taliban relies on militia leaders and former warlords who dont necessarily have a lot of backing from the population because they have a reputation of abusing the local population and that is something that creates a Fertile Ground for an insurgency like the taliban. Woodruff so how much a threat does this pose to the Central Government in kabul . It depends on how long the taliban are able to hold. Ill be surprised if theyre not pushed out quickly. That said, kunduz is an important city, a crossroads from northern provinces and gateway to kazakhstan. So sit strategically a very important province. Woodruff Sune Engel Rasmussen reporting fro reporti, we thank you. Youre welcome. Woodruff in yemen, Security Officials charged that air strikes led by saudi arabia killed at least 38 people at a Wedding Party today. It happened in a town near the port city of mocha on the countrys southwestern coast. The saudis are running an air campaign against shiite rebels in yemen, but they denied hitting a Wedding Party. A spokesman said, this is totally false news. Pope francis is back in rome after his u. S. Visit, but he kept making news, even as he flew home last night. Speaking to reporters, in italian, he condemned bishops who helped hide the sexual abuse of children, by priests. translated when a priest abuses a child it is very bad. He crushes them with evil. And for that reason, it is almost a sacrilege. He has betrayed his vocation, the call of god. And also, one should not cover it up. The ones who covered these things up are also guilty. Woodruff the pope also defended the consoling words he offered to u. S. Bishops last week over the abuse scandal. He said he wanted to acknowledge that they had suffered, too. Prosecutors in germany today opened a Fraud Investigation of volkswagens former c. E. O. Over cheating on emission tests. Martin winterkorn resigned last week as the scandal burst to life. Separately today, German Government officials insisted they were unaware v. W. s data was falsified. Back in this country, the u. S. Senate voted to break a deadlock over funding Government Operations into december. Thats after republicans gave up trying to pass a bill that also denied funding for planned parenthood. The house is expected to follow suit this week. Royal dutch shell is abandoning its search for oil in Alaskas Arctic waters, at least for now. The company spent 7 billion dollars on drilling in the chukchi sea, but says it did not find enough oil to make it worthwhile. Environmentalists had condemned the project, saying a spill would devastate wildlife in the region. And theres hopeful news for women in the early stages of breast cancer. The National Cancer institute reports a gene test can determine which patients are helped more by hormone therapy. Those who skipped traditional chemotherapy, based on that test, had less than a 1 chance of their cancer recurring over five years. Still to come on the newshour World Leaders grapple with what to do with syria. Margaret warner sits down with the president of egypt. Donald trump unveils his tax plan. Nasa finds rivers of water on mars. And much more. Woodruff how to end the war in syria . That was the key question today at the United Nations. Its a conflict thats left thousands dead, displacing millions more, with ripple effects across the middle east and europe. Our chief Foreign Affairs correspondent Margaret Warner is there and has this report. Warner 160 World Leaders filled the General Assembly hall to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the organization dedicated to preserving peace in the world. But the speeches of president obama and russian president Vladmir Putin put todays tensions between the two of its founding countries squarely in the spotlight. Mr. Obama spoke first, with an ominous warning. We come together today knowing that the march of Human Progress never travels in a straight line, that our work is far from complete. That dangerous currents pulling us back into a darker, disordered world. Warner it was an indirect reference both to the rise of the Islamic Stateand to what the u. S. Sees as adventuresome by russia, syria and iran. He rejected russian argument that supporting syrian president Bashar Alassad is the price for fighting isis. The United States is prepared to work with any nation, including russia and iran, to resolve the conflict. But we must recognize that there cannot be, after so much bloodshed, so much carnage, a return to the prewar status quo. Warner later, putin, who appeared at the u. N. Event for the first time in a decade, flatly disagreed. He said theres only one way to end the brutal conflict in syria and defeat isis. translated we think it is an enormous mistake to refuse to cooperate with the Syrian Government and its armed forces, who are valiantly fighting terrorism face to face. We should finally acknowledge that no one but president assads armed forces and kurd militia are truly fighting the Islamic State and other terrorist organizations in syria. Warner putin is already engaged in a Major Military buildup in syria, and hes now struck an intelligencesharing deal with syria, iran and iraq, which came as a surprise to the white house. He called today for a broad Global Coalition against terror, and he rejected criticism of russias new activism on the world stage. translated i must note that such an honest and direct approach of russia has been recently used as a pretext to accuse it of growing ambitions, as if those who say it have no ambitions at all. However, it is not the matter of russias ambitions but the recognition of the fact that we can no longer tolerate the current state of affairs in the world. Warner iranian president Hassan Rouhani likewise defended his countrys actions in iraq and syria, where tehran is actively aiding assad, and he blamed american policy for forcing iran to act. translated we must not forget that the roots of todays wars, destruction and terror, can be found in the occupation, invasion and military intervention of yesterday. If we did not have the u. S. Military invasion of afghanistan terrorists would not have an excuse for the justification of their crimes. Warner the flashpoint in ukraine also figured large in the days dueling speeches. President obama condemned russia for flagrantly violating ukraines sovereignty. If that happens without consequence in ukraine, it could happen to any nation gathered here today. That is the basis of the sanctions that the United States and our partners impose on russia. It is not a desire to return to a cold war. Warner but putin shot back that the root of the problem is american arrogance. translated we all know that after the end of the cold war, a Single Center of domination emerged in the world. And then those who found themselves at the top of that pyramid were tempted to think that if we are so strong and exceptional then we know better than anyone what to do. Warner the obama and putin speeches were a public preview of their private meeting later, their first direct sitdown in nearly a year. Woodruff and Margaret Warner joins me now. Margaret, how far apart are these two powerful leaders in how they approach the world . Well, i think quite different, judy. Even though you just arrived and read their speeches, you would think they were both talking about having a very orderly and cooperative world. But not only as you heard in the speeches, they had very different views of ukraine and syria, how we got to the point where we are in both countries, but, you know, what the solutions are. The difference was president obama talked a lot about how a strong nation is actually forced to diplomacy abroad and at home accepts its citizens have freedoms, and its a weak leader and country that asserts itself abroad unilaterally repressive dissent at home. An obvious dig at putin and said in the end that is a recipe for a disorderly world. Putin didnt talk at all about human rights or any sort of broad topics like that. He also talked about wanting to cooperate, but he just did not, i would say, try to offer an alternative vision, other than vague statements about cooperation. In fact, they clearly, in their actions, are dealing very differently with almost every conflict you see around the world. Woodruff we know, as judith mentioned, putin has forces, beaching up forces in syria but in addition we know the russians arranged this intelligencegathering arrangement with iran and with assad in syria. What is the u. S. Saying about that . Well, theyre very concerned, and the other player in this, by the way, judy, is iraq. So if those four countries are going to share intelligence on i. S. I. S. When this first came out yesterday, the United States was completely blindsided. They had no idea, no one alerted them. So, clearly, it was like putin and the rest of them are trying to set up a rival sort of antiacecies coalition and what worries me is it adds to u. S. Worries, what is putin up to. Is he sending forces to syria to fight i. S. I. S. Or is it really to prop up assad and help assayed wipe out all internal opposition, whether terrorists or not . So this adds to a basket of worries the United States has about the situation in syria. Others would argue president obama declined to get very involved in syria and russia stepped into a void, essentially, sort of external leadership. Wherever you come down on that argument, the u. S. Is very, very concerned. Now, to us, members of the administration said, oh, well, one said were lowlevel intelligence officers, and another side iraq is a sovereign country and can do what they want even though the u. S. Is in there trying to save iraqs face and training military and support in attacks on i. S. I. S. , i mean, those ring hollow. The United Kingdom as an ally wouldnt do anything like this without telling washington. Iraq may be a sovereign country but thats what stunned the u. S. Officials most is iraq is part of this. Woodruff given this, what were the expectations going into this meeting between president obama and putten . We assume its still going on. Yes, and apparently i mean, i wasnt there, and just a couple of reporters and photographers say a stoney handshake. The expectations were very low on the u. S. Part because meetings between secretary kerry and Prime Minister lavrov had not yielded including here in new york had not yielded any greater insight into what the russians are up to. When they use words like frank you know what that means and no really private assurances. And there was no sense of give except president obama said in his speech today, we are willing to work with russia and iran. So in that sense, youve seen the u. S. Move a little, you know, open the door that they would like to have russia part of this antii. S. I. S. Coalition. But their expectations were quite low going into it. Woodruff a lot to watch, Margaret Warner, who will be in new york the rest of the week following the goings on at the u. N. Thank you. Thank you, judy. Woodruff donald trump announces his plan to cut taxes, Hillary Clinton embarks on a new campaign strategy, and Speaker Boehner steps down but the problems of Congress Still remain. A perfect time for politics monday. Im joined by tamara keith of n. P. R. And amy walter of the cook political report. And welcome to you both. So lets start with donald trump. He did, finally today, unveil this tax reform plan. Eliminate taxes for millions of people, cut taxes for some of the highest income earners. Lets listen to a little bit of what he said at this announcement today. We will run this country properly. There is so much money to be saved. Were reducing taxes, but at the same time, if i win, if i become president , we will be able to cut so much money. We wont be losing anything other than we will be balancing budgets and getting them where they should be. Woodruff so, amy, is this a plan that is likely to gain him support for voters . Well, i dub this the oprah tax plan, its like you get a tax cut and you get a tax cut and everybody gets something. I know oprah can pay for all the things she gives away, but we dont know where this money is coming from. This is a tax plan that did get conservatives a thumbs up. David norquist who is an influential republican conservative tax fighter, doesnt want to see any tax increases ever, even those who have criticized donald trump who dont think hes conservative enough, has advocating hiking taxes in the past. I think donald trump is pushing back on the argument against him that he is not Strong Enough on policy, hes not doing enough to talk specifics and, number two, pushing back on this theme that people at club for growth argued that hes not a serious conservative, hes not a real republican. This tax plan helps to push back on both. We know part of it, a lot of tax cuts, but also taking away carried interest favor thats been given to some folks with hedge funds. How does this compare with other republicans on what they say they would do about taxes . Its like the jeb plan on steroids. He is lowering the Corporate Tax rate to 15 , and, in addition to cutting it from the 35 that it currently is, he also would take freelance income, Small Businesses that currently pay taxes at the individual tax rate, all of that would get pushed over and put on the Corporate Tax rate at 15 , which norquist, the antitax crusader, said is ambitious and bold. In reality, this is a pretty specific plan. It includes a lot of details new tax brackets on the personal income side, a zero percent bracket where he, in the plan itself, says there will be a page that you just fill out that says i win. Woodruff but we do now know a little bit more where hes coming from on economics on this, right . At least it fills in some of that picture. Sure. It says he wants to give everybody a little bit of something. He says hes going to pay for it by closing these tax loopholes, which most economists say is not going to be possible, but we also know he wants to do a lot of other spending but we also dont know where thats coming from building the wall across the border of mexico, humanely rounded up immigrants, as he said the other night, having a Healthcare Plan thats not obamacare but will cover everybody, not clear where that money is coming from. Woodruff we talked about donald trump, one of the republicans. Lets talk about Hillary Clinton. Tamara, i guess her campaign decided shes going to give more interviews. Weve seen her popping up on different news programs. Everywhere she goes, shes being asked about the emails. No different yesterday on meet the press, chuck todd asked her questions. Heres part of that exchange. There are some things about this that i just cant control. I cant control the technical aspects of it. I am not by any means a technical expert. I relied on people who were. My assumption was anything i sent to a. Gov account would be captured. But thats very difficult to capture all your emails by going to perhaps thousands of people in their. Gov accounts, it would have been easier if it was sent to your. Gov account. When you communeuate t commuo people in other parts of government youre not sending it to state. Gov. I think ive done all i can to take responsibility and be as transparent as possible. Woodruff i know what people are saying about this interview, she doesnt seem as impatient as she has in the past. She looks very relaxed. I am happy to be here and i am going to be relaxed. laughter chuck asked her at some point is this just a drip, drip, drip . She said, yeah, there is going to be another release to the state Department Rate there are week on wednesday and come october 22, there will be the big Ben Ghazi Committee hearing, and there is no telling whether thats really going to be the end of it. Woodruff but does her campaign, amy, think they just have to slog through this no matter what . Yes, its her body language when she acknowledged the drip, drip, drip, there is a resignation to her fate. The i didnt control this, i dont know whats going to come of it. She can hope two things one, it doesnt go in the legal program, stays in the political realm. And, two, that eventually the media and the voters and the public get bored with this story and it goes away but thats not anytime soon and certainly not before the first of october. Woodruff House Speaker pgh john boehner is stepping down. He did an interview with John Dickerson on face the nation. We heard boehner spell out who some of the don servets are who led to the decision. Heres part of that. The bible says beware of false prophets. There are people out there spreading noise about how much can get done. I mean, this whole idea that were going to shut down the government to get rid of obamacare in 2013 just plain never had a chance. Woodruff so, tam remarks we hear at so, tamara, we hear what the speaker is saying. Hes pretty blunt. Kevin mccarthy confirmed hes running for speakership today. I think it will be different under his leadership. Hes going to have the same problem pgh john boehner had which is, in the house, republicans can get what they want if they all agree with each other. Otherwise, theyre going to have to have democratic help. Then it gets to the senate and they cant blast through a filibuster and then it would go through a democratic president and theres no way a democratic president will defund planned parenthood or defund obama care. They still have the same problem. Mccarthy has a better relationship with some of the conservative members but i dont know how far that will go. Woodruff what changes, amy . Literally, well just change changes thats a about it. I dont think well see much more out off the mccarthy speakership. The question is how much does he concede to the conservative base. Will he say yeah, lets shut the government down over debt ceiling in december. Fine, lets take more stringent positions, force the president s hand, which could create, of course, more gridlock, and we could have another Government Shutdown or geto the place where republicans, especially those who want to win the white house back, say this is damaging us beyond repair. Woodruff there is no sign hes going to do some of those things. We dont know what hes going to do. Woodruff amy walter, tamera keith, thank you both. Thanks, judy. Woodruff stay with us. Coming up on the newshour the fight for girls to get a modern education in the birthplace of voodoo. And miles obrien helps us unravel a major mystery of mars. Woodruff but first, Margaret Warners interview with egyptian president abdel fattah elsisi. In 2013, when he was in charge of egypts armed forces, sisi removed egypts first democraticallyelected president. He himself then was elected to the post last year. Egypts struggles are many, amid almost five years of turmoil since the revolution began in january 2011. Margaret spoke with sisi yesterday morning in new york. Woodruff mr. President , thank you for joining us. This past week the big news was you res leased 100 Political Prisoners including two prominent aljazeera journalists. Was the timing dictated by the fact you were coming to tun General Assembly to quiet all the International Criticism . The idea is very simple once the legal procedures are over and there is a possibility for me to intervene and issue a pardon, i did not hesitate. Reporter in your system, does a legal pardon upmean that you have concluded that they were innocent of the charges . Once those are over, the legal party allows the president to intervene to bring an end toish issue and this legal issue. Reporter there are still 18 journalists being held and, by conservative estimates, 20,000 or more Political Prisoners, many of whom had been brought in on what are said to be trumpedup terrorism charges. Can you and lo act as swiftly once the Legal Process is over . It is very important to stop at the word of intentions. There is no legal formality that allows me to do so but there are Court Procedures force the cases. Reporter the billing issue at the General Assembly is the fight against Islamic State and particularly focused on sir. I cant the antii. S. I. L coalition of which egypt is a member, you have been at it for a full year and, yet, i. S. I. S. Has grown more powerful. Many fighters entered sir. I cant why is that . Its the idea we can fight i. S. I. S. Only militarily. The strategy is incomplete. We need a holistic approach with security, economic dimension, socialsull chiewrl cultural dimensions as well. Reporter egypt has not been involved except libya where i. S. I. S. Has killed so many christain copts. Is egypt going to step up. Egypt is one member. Is egypt role is confined to fight terrorism in sinai and on the borders of libya that extends over 1200 kilometers. Reporter so more in your neighborhood . Yes, yes. Reporter one more question about the bigger picture. Do you share the view of russia and iran that now is not the time to unseat president Bashar Alassad or his government, the number one fight is against i. S. I. L. We are for a political solution, not a military solution in syria. We want to preserve the integrity of the syrian territory and preserve the Syrian National army. We must confront the extremists organizations and i. S. I. S. And syria to bring stability to the situation. We must reconstruct syria to accommodate the refugees back into their homes now. Reporter but do you think that president assad can be part of the political transition . We need to focus on the real threat, the extremism and terrorism and its negative ramifications and the huge instability that can dominate the middle east and can spill over to other regions as well. Reporter but there is a big question about whether Bashar Alassad and his continued presence and the way hes treating all of his own people is fueling i. S. I. S. Do you agree with that . I believe that the negotiations between the Syrian Opposition and the regime should conclude that. We cannot just be judgmental while we are from the outside. Reporter so the insurgency in sinai, i recall when you came into power after the previous president , that you would clean this up in months, that youre a military man and know how to do this. Instead, it is growing. Why is that . This is what terrorism is and this is not a simple thing to confront, and i guess the United States has a long experience in countering terrorism in many countries and, despite all the capabilities of the United States, the United States took years in trying to defeat these terrorists. But if we can compare the security situation two years ago and today, we find a lot of improvement. But the question is will the flow of weapons and foreign fighters across the borders from libya be stopped . This flow poses threats to us and a challenge to us. Reporter secretary kerry said this publicly in cairo and senator john mccain has said it, that crackdown on the brotherhood in the country, that further repression and jailing of many, many dissidents has, in fact, worsened this problem and has radicalized people in a way they werent before. What do you say to that . You cannot forget that egypt has been in a state of revolution for five years, and the egyptian resources are limited. The state of affairs in egypt witnessed two revolutions in two years. These have been very difficult times for egyptians and we have 90 million people. They need to live. At the end of the day, egyptians want to find their basic needs provided and a better chance for life. This cannot be achieved while there is a state of chaos. The standards you live by do not necessarily have to apply to the standards we live in, in our own countries. We need some time in order to reach the the standards that you live by. Reporter i understand that, but my question is, has the crackdown really ever since you came into office, including now under the antiterrorism law, actually fueling the insurgency in egypt . Undoubtedly, the crackdown on the insurgents and the terrorist members decreased the insurgent operations. Reporter decreased . Decreased. Undoubtedly decreased the terrorist operations and terrorist incidents. Im saying to you, terrorism cannot defeat a country, especially if its people are unified in confrontation of terrorism. This is what we find in egypt. Reporter but, in fact, the number of attacks has increased, has it not . No. This is not true. Reporter so you dont think these critics could be right . Everybody has the right to criticize, everybody has to present their own view, but im just offering you our perspective. The reality is that if we sorn to syria, iraq or libya, the situation would have been much more dangerous for the region and europe. Of our 90 million people, 60 million are young people. Imagine if we are suffering from that state of chaos, what would the situation be . Reporter there is also concern in congress that military equipment given to egypt, whether apache helicopters, are being used in these antiterrorist operations, the attack in the mexican desert. Can you ensure the taxpayers their gifts to egypt are not being used in this way in the future . Let me respond about the unfortunate incident of the mexican tourist. That was a mistake. They were in an area close to the border with libya, dangerous areas. As for sinai, i went to assure you that egypt will never use weapons or force against innocent civilians because we will not allow ourselves to kill innocent civilians. Reporter let me turn to egyptu. S. Relations because the u. S. Recently lifted the ban on military hardware to egypt. Is it back on track now, the relationship . Do you feel it has improved . In comparison to the last months, yes, it has improved. Reporter and what more would you lake to see . We have started a Strategic Dialogue with the United States to review our strategies and try to find ways how to handle issues of common interest in a better way. Reporter and you trust the United States as a reliable ally . Me . Undoubtedly. It goes without saying. The United States has never let us down throughout the past years. Reporter thats quite a statement. I just want to say to you, though, that the last two years presented a real test of the endurance and strength of the u. S. Egyptian strategic relationship. Reporter let me go back, finally, to the state internally in egypt. Can you explain to the American People why so many young, prodemocracy activists have been rounded up and put in prison sometimes for violating the law that allows them doesnt allow them to protest . Its hard for americans to understand. It is true that americans wont understand that easily because they look at us from the american perspective. But let me explain to them that we did not stop protests in egypt. We only regulated the right of protesting in egypt. Many countries do. We do not ban it, and we will not. We only regulated it. Why . Because we need tability. We are not a rich country. This country cannot afford a state of instability. Reporter and, so, you think this young, liberal, prodemocracy activists are a threat to that . It is not a threat to the country. We just need to know that we cannot leave in this state of affairs forever. We need our country to progress. We need to build our country after years of stagnant waters. We have complete respect for the liberal, young people, but this cannot be the only way people judge egypt. Reporter people who inspired the world years ago by calling for more openness, greater right to dissent and participate say its worse than ever. Has the dream of career died . Never. The dream of tahir still holds and i can tell you there is no egyptian president who can continued leadership against the egyptians. This is a fundamental change now. Only the president ial term, one or two terms, and the president has to go. This is the normal thing, and this is a very Good Development that egypt is witnessing and it is going to be a remarkable experience. This is what i dream of, and this is my determination and political will, and this is what i hope for my country, that it can only be ruled by the will, by the will and the choice of the egyptians, not against their free will. Reporter mr. President , thank you very much. Woodruff this past weekend, the u. N. Met to take stock of the millenium promise of guaranteeing a basic education for all children by 2015. In a message saturday, secretary general ban ki moon noted that around the world 59 million children are not in school and 250 million children are not learning the basics. Over the past twelve years, pbs has been chronicling the education of six children in separate countries for wnets documentary time for school. Tonight, we travel to the tiny african country of benin, where, in 2003, one in four children were out of school, most of them girls. Reporter nineyear old nanavi todeenou lives in koutagba, a remote village in the tiny west african country of benin, where voodoo was born. Nanavi and her village are participating in a nationwide campaign to educate the girls of benin. The voodoo priest calls for celebration because he has just agreed to allow one girl from each family to attend school instead of being initiated into the faith. translated i want nanavi to go to school. But all the girls can never go to school. Therell always be those wholl go to the convent. No one can force me to release all of them for school. Reporter nearly half of the girls in benin have had no formal education and often marry very young. translated now that your daughters are going to school arent you happy . translated youre not going to overwhelm your daughters with all the household chores, are you . Reporter regina gueedou hasa key role in benins Girls Education initiative, traveling from village to village on a statesupported mission to persuade parents of the value of letting girls go to school. translated if there are too many illiterate people, the country cant develop. We need these children of tomorrow, so that the country can change. But this will be a long fight. translated the changes that Girls Education will bring to the village are huge. She wont let her baby go without vaccination against diseases. She can help her mother count the money they made. At the market. Reporter the oldest of four children, nanavi is the biggest help on the familys modest farm. But for her mother an education was worth the sacrifice. translated i hope that shell become something great, like a doctor. If id gone to school, i wouldve had a better life. Reporter in 2005, nanavi suffered a tragic loss. translated when my father died, i felt like dying too. He used to play with me. If i didnt come back from school and it was getting dark, my father would pick me up in the village. Reporter before passing nanavis father made one last wish. translated my father told me to go to school and not to rest. translated this is my middle school. This is the sixth grade. And this is my classroom. Good morning teacher. Reporter with the help of regina and the girls initiative, nanavi made it to middle school, one of the select 11 of benins girls who even make it this far. Ok, now class look at it. Is it correct . Is it correct . Now you clap for nanavi please. translated i believe that nanavi can make it. As we say, with a valiant heart nothing is impossible. translated i actually love being in middle school. I want to be a doctor so i can give people shots. I want to go to school until i become something great. translated my little boys name is adaou fortune. He was born on may 28, 2015. Hes 2 months old. Reporter in 2010, nanavi left her village to go to boarding school in the city, where regina and her mother believed she would receive a better education. But the demands of her new school overwhelmed her and she was not able to keep up with other students. She moved to the capital, cotonou, to attend yet another school and lived with her aunt and uncle. But they physically abused her, she says, so she ran away before completing the 7th grade. She now lives in the city of bohicon, the Third Largest trade center in benin, and had her son with alphonse, an older married man already the father of four, who makes a living building auto parts out of rubber. translated i have to stay with him because we already have a son together. And i love him, too. I wouldve preferred to stay in school. School helped me a lot. For example, if you dont go to school, you cant read, you cant speak french, and you wouldnt be able to study photography. Reporter no longer in school, nanavi is apprenticing at a local photography studio in the hope of being able to eventually support her family. translated hi, im training to be a photographer. Mind if i take your picture . translated as soon as she started she was very dedicated to the work. Shes diligent. She gave it her all. She definitely has all the right qualities to become a good reporter. translated its clear that she really enjoys this work. I have to help her. She has to finish her apprenticeship. And itll help support us. translated it pains me that i couldnt stay in school, and thats why my son will do what i wasnt able to. He will study. He will go further than i was able to go. Woodruff you can watch additional videos of the time for school documentary project on wnets website, thirteen. Org. Finally tonight, big news from outer space. Nasa today announced that it has found evidence of liquid water on mars, at least during certain seasons of the martian year. The discovery was made through satellite images, which revealed darklyshaded streaks on slopes of craters and hillsides. They darken and lighten over time as water seeps across the surface, then evaporates. For more on what it all might mean, im joined by science correspondent miles obrien hello again. Judy, good to see you. Woodruff how do they know its water, miles . There hasnt been a human there. Theyre looking at it through sites, how do they know . The site is a very sophisticated instrument and has the ability to do spectroanalysis and can look at whatever light is flowing through and gives unique signatures of water and in this case a lot of salt. Salt is the key because mars is cold and has an atmosphere which is almost nonexistent. So the idea of water flowing there is hard to imagine. Woodruff but this flies in the face of what scientists thought for a long time, or have they been building up to this . There is a huge body of evidence that mars at one time was warm and wet and we think probably a cushy birth for life. We have been looking for ancient life, fossils for example. There is been the thought maybe the aquifer is underneath i. They first spited the streaks in 2010. Looked like water. What would keep it dpoag following . The key is they pound these percolates, these salts. Extremely salty water. How do we get snow off the roads in the winter . We use salt. Woodruff lets talk about the streaks. We have great images here to look at. Theyre spectacular. This is essentially a cliff and you see those dark streaks are the water, the briney water that percolate infused water flowing ward. The question is where did the water come from . Is it from an underground aquifer . Its problematic because its starting at the top of the peak. Thats unusual. Could it be there is a humidity component to it . Mars is very dry, but could there be under certain sicks what amounts to dew or fog which is causing this . We dont know the answer to that. Woodruff you keep using the word briney, very salty, so not like the water we have on earth . You wouldnt want to drink it, for shiewmplet but because its so filled with the salt, it stays in liquid form where it would otherwise freeze. So the key is its so salty it can support life. Thats the debate among scientists now. Woodruff how are they thinking about that . Flowing water has been kind of the holy grail on mars, and because wherever you look on this planet, where we see liquid water, we see life. Its a prerequisite for life as we know it. The question is, though, could this be water that sustains life . When we think about salt, it was used as a preservative for a long time on voyages, because it kills microbes. So there might be so much salt there that there is nothing living there. But where is the water coming from and could it be fresher and could it thus sustain life . Woodruff how do they do further investigation. I think it begs for a mission and i think n. A. S. A. Will think about the architecture for a mission. Its very difficult to get there because its on these cliffs. How would you gather up that water . Or would bit smarter to find a place a little more accessible, maybe go to the aquifer beneath, drill down and see if there are microscopic martians there. Woodruff how about the people watching, is it worth it, are we ever going to get there and find out . Are we alone in the universe is a good question. Weve looked at our neighbor and are getting closer by hunting after the water to find evidence of maybe ancient life or maybe existing. The second question is the a second genesis . Woodruff another form of human. Exactly, or we could be martians. Woodruff or we could have come from there. Exactly. Woodruff this is what earth looked like. Exactly. Woodruff i read today scientists are debating. How excited are they about this . This is holy grail kind of stuff. Its great science. It puts them in a space where they can start making an argument for missions that look beneath the surface. Its what the steady stream of nay is a and european and other missions to mars have been all about. Follow the water, kind of a divining rod, if you will, a hightech divining rod, and hoping at the end the pot of gold will be maybe microscopic life. Woodruff its extraordinary. The pictures are extraordinary. It literally puts you in another place, doesnt it . Its spectacular to think you have the kind of imagery that gives us that level of detail on a satellite thats been orbiting the planet. Woodruff miles obrien, every time you come we have another surprise. Its fun. Woodruff thank you. Youre wedge, judy. Woodruff speaking of space, that brings us to our newshour shares of the day, something that caught our eye which might be of interest to you, too. From russia. To paris. To las vegas. Stargazers around the world were treated to an uncommon astronomical event last evening a total Lunar Eclipse that occurred during a rare socalled supermoon. the phenomenon happens when the sun, earth and moon perfectly align as the moons orbit brings it closest to earth. This made the moon appear bigger and brighter than usual. And sunlight refracting around the earth bathed it in an eerie, reddish glow, giving it the name blood moon. This double feature has not occurred since 1982, and whether or not clouds obscured your view, youll have to wait until 2033 to see it again. Woodruff on the newshour online for many retirees, navigating the Social Security system can take all the peace out of retirement. Luckily, we have our benefits guru Lawrence Kotlikoff as a guide. Today on ask larry, he addresses widows and veterans benefits. You can read his advice, and submit your own question, on our home page. Thats at pbs. Org newshour. Woodruff tune in later tonight on charlie rose, more of his exclusive interview with russian president putin. Woodruff and thats the newshour for tonight. On tuesday, Margaret Warner continues her reporting from the United Nations. Im judy woodruff. Join us online and again here tomorrow evening. For all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and good night. And by the alfred p. Sloan foundation. Supporting science, technology, and improved Economic Performance and Financial Literacy in the 21st century. And with the ongoing support of these institutions this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by Media Access Group at wgbh access. Wgbh. Org nightly Business Report with Tyler Mathisen and sue herera. Stocks clobbered. The dow gives up more than 300 points triggered by a decline in commodities and a battering in biotech. Dancing on the debt ceiling. A Government Shutdown may likely be averted but a much larger issue is still looming in washington. New way to pay. What consumers need to know about the more secure credit cards that go into effect later this week. All that and more tonight on nightly Business Report for monday september 28th. Good evening, everyone. Im sue herera. Tyler mathisen is off tonight. A rough start to this week. The major indices were dragged south by concerns over global growth, especially in china. That pressured Commodity Prices further, a