Transcripts For KQED PBS NewsHour 20150314

Dignity and support. Woodruff tech giants fight for a seat in the classroom. Why even in amish country, apple, google and others want their products used by teachers and students, a market worth billions of dollars a year. What you actually purchase should be driven by what you want to actually do with that technology. You want them researching, you want them producing, you want them seeking, asking questions, what are all of the kinds of things that you want students to be able to do, their gains and achievements. Woodruff and its friday mark shields and Michael Gerson are here, to analyze the weeks news. Those are some of the stories were covering on tonights pbs newshour. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by moving our economy for 160 years. Bnsf, the engine that connects us. Lincoln financial committed to helping you take charge of your life and become youre own chief life officer. Supporting social entrepreneurs and their solutions to the worlds most pressing problems skollfoundation. Org. And with the ongoing support of these institutions and. This program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Woodruff wall street closed out the week with a new sell off, a day after a big rally. The Dow Jones Industrial average lost nearly 150 points to finish near 17,750. The nasdaq fell 21, and the s andp 500 slipped 12. For the week, the dow was down about. 5 . The nasdaq and the sandp lost about 1 . Well try to get a bead on whats driving the markets ups and downs, after the news summary. Police in ferguson, missouri spent a second day hunting suspects in the shooting of two officers. It happened early yesterday, as a demonstration at Police Headquarters was ending. This afternoon, st. Louis county police chief john belmar told reporters the search has come up empty so far. I cannot tell you at this point that an arrest is imminent. Theres certainly nobody in custody. When we get to the point where we feel like that we have active leads, if we can do anything through you, to have the Community Assist us, well certainly let you know. Woodruff the wounded officers escaped without any permanent injury. The man who breached White House Security last fall, pleaded guilty today. Omar gonzalez jumped the fence on september 19th, and made it deep inside the executive mansion with a knife before being tackled. The first family was not there at the time. The incident led to the resignation of the secret service director. President obama checked up today on the hospital that triggered a scandal in the department of veterans affairs. Long delays and falsified wait lists at the v. A. Facility in phoenix arizona led to reforms and resignations. The president visited the site today. He said the v. A. Is chipping away at the problems, but theres much more to do. Mr. Obama also met with the parents of kayla mueller, while in phoenix. The aid worker died in Islamic State hands in syria last month. The militants said she was killed in an air strike, but u. S. Officials disputed that claim. In iraq, Government Troops pressed their fight to retake saddam husseins home town from Islamic State militants. Commanders said they hope to expect to reach the center of tikrit in two to three days. The offensive is relying heavily on shiite militias, and a spokesman for iraqs top shiite cleric warned baghdad today to make sure they get paid. translated the recent victories scored by our fighters against Islamic State militants necessitates that the government pay heed and provide care to all troops. The government should exert utmost efforts to boost the fighters performance, to safeguard and perpetuate their gains and achievements. Woodruff separately a prominent sunni cleric urged officials to prevent the militias from staging revenge attacks against sunnis in tikrit. And in germany, muslim women teachers have won the right to wear traditional head scarves in their classrooms. The countrys highest court today struck down laws that banned the hijab, saying they violate religious freedom. Supporters of the bans argued the head scarves cause disruptions in schools, while muslim women said the prohibition has blocked them from teaching jobs. Still to come on the newshour a Global Economy in flux; why the humanitarian crisis in syria threatens to push that nation into the dark ages; competing tech giants race to win over teachers and students in the classroom; an update on the boston bombing trial; and, from tea kettles to towers the life and work of postmodern architect Michael Graves. Woodruff it was another tough day for the Financial Markets, capping a volatile week, one marked by anxiety over Interest Rates, the dollar, and falling oil prices, among other things. More puzzling in some ways there was good Economic News earlier this week, and that still seemed to upset investors. Whats happening here . And does the volatility of recent weeks suggest the end of a bull market . Mark vitner is a managing director and senior economist at wells fargo and joins me now. So, mark vitner, how do you explain all this volatility and especially the downward move after the good news on jobs last week . Well i think its really just part of the adjustment process. Weve had Interest Rates stuck at zero for eight years, now and the economy has improved to the point where the Federal Reserve is likely to raise Interest Rates probably in june but probably no late than september. Theyre almost definitely going up this year, and that causes people to reassess how they position certain investments. Companies that are Interest Rate sensitive are now falling out of favor and weve got a lot else going on in the world thats unnerving the market. The dollar has strengthened tremendously and has done it very fast and weve had this incredible slide in oil prices which you would think is a good thing but its got people questioning why on earth are prices falling so far so fast. Woodruff first on Interest Rates, hasnt the fed been giving a warning for months now some hike in Interest Rates is coming . Why arent there expectations about that now. Well, you would think that people would be used to this idea. The feds been thinking about raising Interest Rates for a long time, and it its the first time weve ever had to start from zero. The federal funds rate is roughly around 10 basis points, and weve never had to move away from the zero interest bound before, and folks are really wondering how vulnerable is the economy, how well can we take a quarter point or a half point increase in Interest Rates over the next few months . My cut tells me i think the economy is plenty strong, well be able to withstand it but the fed will move cautiously, and its still the adjustment its the shift from having razed raced zero for years to an Interest Rate thats unnerving the market. Woodruff one thing is the strengthening of other currencies especially the euro. What about that . Whats behind that and how serious a concern is it . Well, in terms of whats driving the dollar up, were in a much different place than europe is right now and, in many respects, the United States is the strongest economy in the developed world right now. The Federal Reserve stopped purchasing bonds in our market well over a year ago, back in late 2013. The European Central bank just embarked on their own quantitative easing where theyre purchasing securities. Were getting set to raise Interest Rates, so capital is flowing into the United States. And thats likely to continue. But again, is a stronger dollar, is it good news or bad news for the u. S. . Its good news. We have a trade deficit. We import more than we export. And the stronger dollar certainly is going to hurt parts of the economy. Some manufacturers will be disadvantaged but for the economy overall it increases our purchasing power, it will be a good thing. Its just the adjustment process in going towards a stronger dollar thats so difficult for the Financial Markets to take. Very quickly americans youre saying should sleep soundly tonight rather than lying awake worrying about all of this . Well, a lot of times when the market goes down people are like woe is me whats going on here. Youll have to remember that while weve had big declines were close to alltime highs in the market. In valuations, i wouldnt say the tock market is overvalued burks its fully valued. Now that were going into a different economic environment one thats going to have a stronger dollar and Interest Rates are likely to rise a little but still likely to remain relatively low, folks are going to have to adjust the portfolio somewhat. Woodruff mark vitner, wells fargo, thank you. Good to be with you. Woodruff as the Syrian Civil War marks another grim milestone this weekend, more than 20 leading International Aid organizations have issued a report sharply criticizing the United Nations Security Councils response to the conflict, and resulting humanitarian crisis. The groups, including oxfam and the International Rescue committee, signed off on a report called failing syria, calling the u. N. s lack of action, quote, a stain on the conscience of the international community. All the while, as the war enters its fifth year on sunday, many remain caught in the crossfire. translated these are civilians and families. I really dont know what to say. They have been bombing us since the early morning. Barrel after barrel. Woodruff the report points out that last year alone, 2. 5 million syrians were forced from their homes by fighting. The demand for humanitarian aid has increased by more than 30 . Nearly a quarter million syrians are trapped by military sieges. Member states have donated just and joining me now is one of the signatories of the report, International Rescue committee c. E. O. And former British Foreign secretary david miliband. David miliband, thank you for joining us. Again, i saw one of the groups that signed this report said this could turn out to be the darkest chapter in the history of the u. N. Do you agree . Well, i think literally and metaphorically syria is going back into the dark age also literally because the lights are going out all over sir. I cant 83 of the lights have gone out over the last four years, and metaphorically because of the death and destruction and displacement there and that is a dark stain on the United Nations Security Council which took three years to pass the most basic humanitarian aid resolution and is now not forcing it through. The words are there on paper about help for civilians but the help has not been forthcoming on the ground. Woodruff why is the blame laid on the u. N. Security Council Rather than syria its leader, president assad, the countries that are backing him, iran russia, china and even on the other countries involved in this war . Well, its not a matter of excusing the combatants for their crimes, the dropping of bombs on civilians, the targeting of aid workers and of civilians and doctors, its not a matter of excusing them and somehow blaming the u. N. Security council instead, but other countries you mentioned obviously russia is on the u. N. Security council and russia along with u. K. , u. S. , frarntion china, the permanent mens of the Security Council finally took a step a year ago to call for cross border aid, to call for aid across conflict lines in the syrian theater of war but have not been able to or willing to put the political pressure and the Political Engagement to get that most basic civilian aid through. Just to give you an example the secretary general of the u. N. Has reported the Syrian Government insisted medical supplies be taken off trucks going into syria but is there any accountability or comeback . No there isnt. That is why its so important now, the fifth year of the war, the political option is worse, the con tablen spreading into iraq and the civilians caught no the crossfire are unable to get the most basic elements of dignity and support. Woodruff whats an example of the kind of political weight one of these countries can throw into the situation that would make a difference and is it any surprise the u. N. Is not able to force the country to accept a change it doesnt want to make . Well, i think a very basic point is the following the Foreign Ministers of the Council Country cant be on syria 24 hours a day. They have ukraine, the iran nuclear talks. We have been saying clearly every permanent member of the Security Council plus the regional players should appoint a humanitarian envoy to give the daytoday political, practical pressure to deliver the aid. To give you an historic example, even in the midst of the sudan war in the nitle 1990s Operation Lifeline sudan got humanitarian aid into the country and because of that daily communication. Syria is more in the headlines and civilians are left without help and combatants are left without pressure and combattability for not living up to the basic norms and laws of war. So no one is saying this is easy. Unless there is Political Support for the efforts of the u. N. Officials, they are left stranded when the combatants and the government and 80 to 85 of the cases and rebel groups in the remaining cases stand in the way of delivery of humanitarian aid. Woodruff surely the governments involved know having a daily presence would make a difference. Why havent they done it . I think the truth is syria looks too difficult at the moment and gets more difficult every year. The trouble is in a years time, it will be even more difficult. There will be more fragtation, more blood letting more implosion inside the country. So for politicians around the world is skeptical publics and with focus on the home front its inevitable that the pressure on them is to turn away because there are no easy answers. But the urn Security Council was set up to make sure that people in the situation of the syrian civilians dont get forgotten and the precedent being set is one that is really dangerous to the 21st century because its not just the humanitarian crisis, its that the humanitarian crisis itself causes political instability spreading across the region. Woodruff it is certainly a dark moment and no prospects for change at this point. David miliband, the International Rescue committee. Thank you. Thank you very much. Woodruff visit most any school these days and youll likely find teachers using laptops, tablets and other high tech tools. The competition for the Educational Technology market is fierce, yet teachers and administrators often find it difficult to buy the right tools to fit their needs. The newshours april brown has a report from our american graduate unit on that battle and an unlikely place where its playing out. Reporter in ohios amish country, traditions are taken very seriously. Many families travel by horse and buggy, dress in the fashions of their forefathers, and believe in a simple home life one without electricity televisions or phones. But even in a community that is slow to embrace change, theres a battle being waged over education technology, a market worth 8 billion a year well we use computers and ipads, laptops and chrome books. Reporter this amish fifth grader well call jacob agreed to speak with us, but his parents asked that we not identify him. Companies like apple, google and microsoft are fighting to get their products in classrooms like his. And teacher shawn snyders. Snyder uses smartboards, laptops and tablets for many of her lessons i would never want a piece of chalk in the classroom again, i cant imagine teaching without technology. Just having Technology Enables me or my students to look up something online, and we can instantly access video of places theyve never been before. Pictures of things theyve never seen. Reporter the companies behind educationaltechnology products spend a lot of money to get schools to buy the hardware deploying sales staff to districts around the country and creating marketing tools, including ads. And recently the race for supremacy in schools has tightened between apples ipad and googles chromebook. The ipad had been the top seller in the education market, but in Third Quarter of 2014 google shipped more chromebooks, the first time thats happened since its debut two years earlier. Ohios Southeast Local School district uses both but the ipads came first after a group of parents raised money to buy them. Math and Science Teacher sarah meenan has been using them in her classroom its been fun to have the ipads first and get the kids interested in those and love doing the handson. Reporter and fifth grader Dawson Troyer has found ipads helpful i like that its an easy learning tool you can just pick an app and you can close out of it easy with the home button. Reporter but when the district received a state grant of more than 400,000 to buy more hardware, teachers and administrators chose chromebooks. Students here start using googles docs and google drive starting in second grade and theyre tools that have been useful for group projects. According to fifth grader blaise morrison. Last week we did an indian project and we had to look up there was this little thing where you could text your group mates and like you are not talking and its kind of fun. Reporter curriculum director Holly Mastrine says the district considered other factors too before buying the chromebooks, including cost, and having to administer both state and the new common core assessment tests online the keyboard is already there and with all of the testing as well we were already going to purchase mice and then headphones as well because you have to have headphones for some of the different testing so on a financial end it was less expensive to go with the chromebook. Reporter in ohios east holmes local schools theyve gone with a third option, this is called the learn pad and teachers control everything thats put on here. That was done to address concerns of amish parents who didnt want their kids to have access to the internet or objectionable games or content. Developed in 2011 the learn pad is much like the ipad and chromebook the learnpad offers educational apps, games and curriculum, but it does not havehas nowhere near the market share of the apple and google products. We know that devices come and go so focusing on the devices is the wrong question. Reporter karen cator is the ceo of digital promise, a non profit that recently studied how schools can improve the way they find, buy and evaluate technology for the classroom what you actually purchase should be driven by what you want to actually do with that technology. You want them researching, you want them producing, you want them seeking, asking questions, what are all of the kinds of things that you want students to be able to do. Reporter and if one of the main goals of school is that students will take what theyre learning into the job market fifth grader kylee gray sees how getting comfortable with technology now will likely pay off later. Probably every job you are going to go to is probably going to have something with technology. Reporter and thats happened here in amish country. German teacher and librarian Jerry Schlabach is amish and follows many of its traditions which is why we arent showing his face. He believes teaching amish children to use technology is a good idea, even though many will leave school after the eighth grade. When you are amish and you are growing up these days why is technology an important skill for these kids to learn. Because of the changing technology in the job market and lots of people want their new employees to have some computer training when they get into the job market. Reporter teacher sarah meenan says despite the fact amish kids dont have technology at home, they have picked it up relatively easily the amish Kids Really Want to learn so they catch on quick because they want to be up to speed with everybody else. Reporter but some amish children still cling to the Old Fashioned ways i just like the easier way of learning like on a piece of paper when its right in front of you. Reporter its a sentiment that goes beyond school, in a community slowly embracing the future, while making sure not to forget the past im april brown for the pbs newshour in berlin, ohio. Woodruff this was a powerful week in the trial of Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, who is charged with the Boston Marathon bombings of 2013. Hes facing 30 federal charges, 17 of which carry the death penalty. Hari sreenivasan in our new york studios has an update. Sreenivasan the week started off with testimony from victims and their families. It also included revelations for the first time of a full message that a wounded tsarnaev scrawled on a bulletriddled boat just before he was caught by a manhunt. And the trial showed off new Surveillance Video from the day of the attacks on boylston street. Emily rooney of wgbhboston has been covering the trial and joins me again tonight. Emile rooney joins me with emotional testimony tiis week. Who did you hear from . We did, hari. The person we heard from that stuck out in everybodys mind was a young woman named jessica kenski. She came into court, wearing a skirt, you could see two stumps out from under the skirt. Its the first time Dzhokhar Tsarnaev recognized anybody. Hes been completely disengaged the whole time. He looked at her, at her stumps and moved away. But she was emotional, poignant, funny, talked very powerfully about how her life and her husbands life have changed. They both lost legs. She ended up having to have her second leg removed just this month actually a couple of months ago in january. Sreenivasan lets talk about the Surveillance Video that picked up steam and heat and light this week. What did we see there . After the victims were done, the f. B. I. Started its testimony this week. It was impressive, i have to say, hari. The first piece of video we saw was 7 minutes of stitchedtogether surveillance viz owe from businesses restaurants, iphones, you name it any kind of device that the f. B. I. Could discover through public and private businesses and you could actually see the tsarnaev brothers when they entered where the finish line all the way where they dip down, drop their backpacks and take off. So its a very impressive run of video. Sreenivasan what about the message he scrawled inside the boat . A lot of us remember the helicopter shots, the thermal heat images. What was happening in the boat . That was much more extensive than anybody had any knowledge of before. We knew he had left a note. What happened was he found a pencil somehow and wrote in pencil on the inside of this boat the note goes on for several paragraphs and reads in part at some point the u. S. Government skilling our innocent civilians but most of you already know that. As a muslim, i cant stand to see such evil go unpunished. It went on and talked about his brother being a martyr and he was jealous of his mother having preceded him in death and said he didnt like killing innocent civilians but in this case it was justified. So now the judge has decided, by the way, whether the entire boat will be entered in evidence or just the panel with the note because the defense wants to show he was entombed in the boat 20 hours, no food, no water and there was a cover on it and maybe he wasnt in his right mind. Sreenivasan what should we expect going into monday . Monday or tuesday will be very interesting, but the same epic shootout that occurred april 19 four days after the marathon bombing theyve already established that Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was unarmed in the vote. There were hundreds and rounds of ammunition that were fired that night. One Police Officer was nearly mortally wounded, lost a lot of blood and since recovered. I think well see a lot of Video Surveillance from Police Officers, from, you know Police Cruiser cars and maybe once again from neighbors and people within the area who were videotaping as well. Sreenivasan emile rooney of wgbh in boston. Thanks so much. Thanks hari. Woodruff and to the analysis of shields and gerson, thats syndicated columnist mark shields and Washington Post columnist Michael Gerson. David brooks is away woodruff lets talk about the emails. Lets talk about Hillary Clintons emails. Did she answer all the questions out there in the News Conference this week . Of course not. The questions will keep coming and keep coming. There was one result of it that just hit me so hard and that is the great advice beware of any National Leader and i dont limit this to secretary clinton, by any means but who does not have close to him or her contemporary friends and confidants who can tell them when necessary theyre absolutely wrong. Jerry ford did. He was enormously emotionally secure man. Ronald reagan chose jim bakker to be a chief of staff, ran two campaigns against him as an example of that a sort of emotional security and stability. I just ask mrs. Clinton, who among your group of advisors will you have the idea of having a personal computer email service of your own, an individual one, who would say are you out of your exploitive deletive mind . This is politically, probably morally indefensible and probably legally problematic. Thats the question that bothers me whether the relevance or irrelevance of the emails turns out to be anything at all substantively, that is a real problem. Woodruff what about the questions . Did she answer any questions . Well, i think the proper word for the press conference, it was really brazen. It was bold. She went out there had total control over her emails in a private server while she was serving in government. She and her people decided what should be revealed and eliminated woodruff which by the way thats what she said Government Employees they ended up eliminating 30,000 emails and there are questions about how this took place. It was done through key word searches the way they decided what to eliminate and not to. I think it raised a lot of questions there. So she had people advising her, democrats who thought she should be transparent, she should turn over her server she should have an independent Authority Review this and she completely rejected that advice. This was the equivalent i mean, some people advised Richard Nixon he should have burned the tapes on the front lawn of the white house, this was the digital equivalent. She burned the tapes. Woodruff i mean so what are we left with . Mark, you said she made a huge mistake in the first place. Where does she go from here . Well, this is a question that nags at democrats. Were saying it right at the outset that relations with the press are frosty to the point of arctic and there is a sense not simply from this but that were going back into lets go to the barricades, lets circle the wagons. Theres a certain mentality that way. Were not going to take anything. I think in a nation that is polarized politically as we are, as acrimonious as it has become, i think this is really not the atmosphere that you want to create. She is not the only person who has an email problem, by any means every candidate on the republican side has an email and theyve made unilateral, governor bush made unilateral decisions on what was personal Governor Walker has persistent problems. But im just talking about the approach. David gehrigen went to the white house having worked for president reagan bush and ford to work for the president. Whitewater was the big thing. David said put out all the information, just let out the information. They basically ignored him and did not take his advice and thats sort of a measure of loyalty. Woodruff michael, does she get beyond this . I dont think this is fatal by any stretch of the imagination. In fact, the strategy may well have worked, if the emails are destroyed, you know, members of congress, they demand to seize the server well see how that happens, but it may well have worked. But i do think Hillary Clinton has no rivals in the party no serious rivals no secondtier rivals. You know, this is a case where an overwhelming favorite is now causing serious concerns among democrats bout the quality of their candidate. There are some democrats even talking and writing now saying she might benefit from a challenge. It might sharpen her skills. It right reintroduce her to elements of a party that she hasnt been close to in a long time. I think she is the overwhelming favorite and raising concerns in her own party. Shes over 80 favorable among democrats. Lets talk about another story that was very much out there this week. The letter, mark, 47 republican senators sending a letter to the leadership in iran saying be careful, dont sign a nuclear deal with the United States. Was this a welladvised to sign and do this . A columnist with impeccable credentials wrote in timing, tone and questions that raises questions about republicans capacity to governor everyone and just by accident michael happens to be here, the author of these words. He said it very well. This, judy was more than a faux pas or a slipup. I think it is a reflection of Mitch Mcconnell in a really negative way that his leadership is defective. The fact that he didnt even consult with the chairman of the Foreign Relations committee of his own party who opposed this and was trying to put together a Bipartisan Coalition of democrats who had doubts and skepticism about the iranian deal, that he just steam rolled it ahead and made it a matter of Party Loyalty and party unit and essentially put us in a position where were at odds with our european allies who are now doubting the United States and whether we can be relied upon and to sabotage bipartisanship, it was done effectively in the senate, and to sabotage the hopes of any kind of a deal to limit the nuclear building of the iranians. Woodruff michael, youve just been quoted. I talked with some republican senators today. Theres a significant amount of buyers remorse woodruff senators who signed it. Exactly, concerns about the process, because some sientd on their way out the door to go to airplanes a when the snow was coming. Thats not the way you do strategy. Thats not the way you consult within a caucus. I think a lot of republicans realize that. Youre absolutely right. This has thrown a wrench in a process where senator corker was doing outreach to democrats in order to propose legislation to have the congress involved in the process of approving a deal. He was twovotes away from a majority in the senate. Now they will have to assess this coming week whether thats been undermined by throwing this partisan issue in the middle of this debate. Is it bearing on reaching a nuclear deal . Do you think this will affect that . I think its hurtful. It certainly isnt helpful. I think the president did have a formulation that by this action they have strengthened the hand of the hard liners in tehran. And contrary to senator cottonss proclamation, he said not everyone is a hard liner in iran. I dont think its changed the dynamics which is an internal dynamic. The administration wants a keel and the other side knows they want a deal. Thats the basic problem. Im not sure that changes this dynamic. There are seven nations involved here. This isnt just barack obama and the Republican Senate congress. This is france and Great Britain and germany and china and russia and the United States and iran trying to come to a deal. That is a remarkable achievement if you can pull it off with those seven countries all agreeing on inspections and thats important. And if they dont reach that deal, its actually important for america to look like it tried hard that it was reasonable in this process. If its going to maintain sanctions in the aftermath of a failure, thats one other reason i think the letter was problematic. It looked like republicans were trying to undermine the deal. No question. Woodruff final thing i want to ask you both about university of oklahoma, fraternity, mark racist chant by a group of fraternity members. A couple have now been expelled. Guess my question is what is this and its a question i put to the president the university the former governor what does this say about whether we can ever get rid of racism in this country . Well, judy, last weekend we did observe selma, president obama and president bush was there and hundreds of members of congress. Kevin mccarthy did go. That was a measure of our progress and we have come a long way. But racism knows no zip code. Its not a matter of a time zone or particular region of the country, and the most disheartening about this beyond the hate expressed is these are young, educated people. Weve thought that the next generation and it has been, historically, by every measurement more entightened, more tolerant less sensitive to race. And selma is representative of huge progress but not perfect. It stands in perpetual judgment of our practice that leads us forward and that ideal has to be passed to the next generation. Thats part of the goal of education. And one reason i think senator boren, now president of that university, has done a great job. He came down like a ton of bricks on this matter. He set the proper moral messages to the students in his care at that university. So i think that he has done a lot to pass this along. Well, we certainly paid attention to it and as he said at the end of that conversation maybe something good will come out of it because he said there are now conversations on the campus that werent happening before. Mark shields Michael Gerson, we thank you both. Thank you. Woodruff dont go anywhere, well be back with a remembrance of Michael Graves, the architect who brought design to the masses, but first, its pledge week on p. B. S. Woodruff finally tonight, an appreciation of an architect whose work and design for the everyday household captured the publics imagination. Jeffrey brown has our look. Brown around the world and especially in this country Michael Graves left his mark through buildings of color and ornament. The municipal building, in portland, oregon, the humana building in louisville kentucky, and the disney corporations headquarters in burbank, california. Yet he was known to many more for his smaller works, designing Household Goods like toasters, clocks and his famous whistling tea kettle through a partnership with target stores in the 1990s. Michael graves is a rare individual who finds equal wonder in things both large and small. Reporter president clinton awarded graves the National Medal of the arts in 1999. At the time graves had designed the scaffolding for the washington monuments renovation, he spoke to Margaret Warner about that project and his broader interests. Ive never thought that architecture is limited to, you know making just buildings. We came through a time in the 1950s where architects became specialists. They were going to only do museums or only do, lets say, office buildings. But small things, as well as large things, interest me a whole lot, and i dont see why to why i should stop at the moment we reach the door. Reporter born in indianapolis in 1934, graves studied architecture at harvard but found it too heavily influenced by the midcentury modern architecture movement. He headed to rome for two years to study classical design, an experience that would profoundly influence his work toward what became known as postmodern architecture. In 2003 graves contracted a flu like infection that left him paralyzed from the waist down. That inspired yet another phase designing products for people with disabilities, and buildings for healthcare facilities, like the Wounded Warrior home project in fort belvoir, virginia. Michael graves died of Natural Causes at his home in princeton new jersey. He was 80 years old. Brown some further insight now on the influence and reach of Michael Graves. Robert ivy is ceo of the American Institute of architects we use this term postmodern but help us understand, what was Michael Graves fighting against and what did he do . Drive through any American City today and you see tall boxes, essentially. We could in gross terms call that modernism. But michael really broke us out of the box. What an exciting moment i can certainly say for Design Professionals but for the rest of the world to see color and the uses of history and even wit and irony in projects. In the early 80s, it had a strong flowering and changed the way we look at buildings and still has some import today. You look at the portland building, other buildings. Not everyone loved it, right . And still not everyone loves it. Those projects still elicit controversy, as much today perhaps more than then. However, i think the flowering of architecture were enjoying today, an exuberance of form and freedom have come about because of people like Michael Graves and changed the way he wie think. Brown and changed the way we live in our homes this idea that design is for everyone. He popularized design. It has the ability to change our lives for the better. Michael was an early proponent to bringing the design into our homes. Through work with Companies Like target and j. C. Penney, he worked on projects for everyday life tea kettles everyday objects that he brought design to that feel better in your hands and look better in your house and popularized that design. He became the best known architect in the world. Brown did that hurt him professionally . Because it was so unusual for someone at his level to get involved with tea kettles perhaps. Its true it drew some critical work by i would say, professional critics and even those who, perhaps, were jealous. Operate, for design, it was a great moment because it brought design into the home. And he continued to have a thriving practice doing large practice, primarily. We admire both his large and his small work today. Brown very briefly, the work in healthcare because of his own disability became important to him in the end. Absolutely. He was stricken and confined to a wheelchair. He took on the role of design in health which architects are taking up today and became one of its most ardent spokes people appointed to the u. S. Access board and such a prominent person with such a pulpit actually worked for all of our good. I think he was an inspiration for all of us for his talent and the way he used it. Brown robert ivy on the life and work of Michael Graves. Thank you so much. Thank you. Woodruff again, the major developments of the day. Stocks sank as oil prices fell. The dow industrials were off nearly 150 points. And police in ferguson, missouri spent a second day hunting for suspects in the wounding of two officers. On the newshour online, tomorrow is pi day, no not that pie, the mathematical constant, or 3. 14 but, we thought, why not celebrate both . Celebrity chef Emeril Lagasse gave us his famous banana cream pie recipe, and you can find that on our homepage. While youre there, leave us a message and tell us how youre celebrating pi day, or tweet to us, were newshour. All that and more is on our web site, pbs. Org newshour. And a reminder about some upcoming programs from our pbs colleagues. Gwen ifill is preparing for washington week, which airs later this evening. Heres a preview ifill tonight we look at three things we didnt see coming, the latest revelations about the secret service the uproar over Hillary Clintons secret emails and yoga routines and the back story on the letter 47 republican senators sent to iran. Theres more to know, and well have it for you, later tonight, on washington week. Judy . Woodruff on pbs newshour weekend saturday, an update on a story that looks at what happens to the online accounts that make up your digital estate after youre gone. And well be back, right here, on monday. The latest from israel, ahead of elections with Prime Minister netanyahu on the line. Thats the newshour for tonight im judy woodruff, have a great weekend. Thank you and good night. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by lincoln financial committed to helping you take charge of your life and become youre own chief life officer. Carnegie corporation of new york. Supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of International Peace and security. At carnegie. Org. And with the ongoing support of these institutions and friends of the newshour. This program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by Media Access Group at wgbh access. Wgbh. Org report with Tyler Mathisen and su. Adding to a most volatile week. Two major reasons behind the markets big swing. Weather the storm. Our market monitor has a list of stocks to buy that may provide some stability for your portfolio. And getting short. When does betting against a stock go from a legitimate Investment Strategy to a down right vendetta . All that and more on nightly Business Report for friday 13th of march. Good evening, everyone and welcome. Friday the 13th lived up to its name on wall street turning into an unlucky day for stocks. The dow jones i