Here to analyze the weeks news. Those are just some of the stories were covering on tonights pbs newshour. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by moving our economy for 160 years. Bnsf, the engine that connects us. Ive been around long enough to recognize the people who are out there owning it. The ones getting involved, staying engaged. They are not afraid to question the path theyre on. Because the one question they never want to ask is, how did i end up here . I started schwab with those people. People who want to take ownership of their investments, like they do in every other aspect of their lives. United healthcare online at uhc. Com. And with the ongoing support of these institutions this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Woodruff the United States observes 238 years of independence today and except for some serious weather disruptions on each coast, americans across the land found ways to celebrate. Woodruff july 4th wouldnt be the same without its patriotic parades. And from philadelphia, to indiana, to the nations capital, there were plenty to watch. I hereby declare on oath. Woodruff at the white house, president obama spent the morning welcoming a group of foreignborn military service members, as they took their oath of citizenship in a special ceremony. He also used the moment to repeat his call for a revamp of immigration laws. If we want to keep attracting the best and brightest from beyond our shores, were going to have to fix our immigration system, which is broken, and pass commonsense Immigration Reform. We shouldnt be making it harder for the best and the brightest to come here, and create jobs here, and grow our economy here. We should be making it easier. Woodruff well south of washington, in the outer banks of North Carolina, thousands of americans put their july 4th plans on hold to get out of the way of hurricane arthur. It brought heavy rains and sustained winds of 100 Miles Per Hour when it made landfall at cape lookout late last night. We made out great but i was very afraid. When the wind came through at about 5 30 this morning, it woke me up. It didnt wake my husband up, so i woke him up and i said, david next time i say to leave, lets leave, because the wind was really whipping around. Woodruff in the light of day there was heavy coastal flooding, and about 40,000 people lost power. But no injuries from the storm were reported. In the western u. S. , drier weather was the problem, as a massive 3,000 foot tall dust storm swept across Southern Arizona last night. It knocked out power and canceled flights and fireworks celebrations. And farther west, in california, the dry conditions fueled several wildfires. In the Mountain Town of julian, fourth of july celebrations that draw about 5,000 spectators were canceled. The fire there is only 40 contained. Woodruff a little more than an hour north of those fires, about 120 demonstrators from both sides of the immigration debate massed again outside a u. S. Border patrol station in the city of murrietta. They rallied as another convoy of migrants who illegally crossed into the u. S. From mexico was expected to arrive at the agency for processing. On tuesday, protesters at the same site blocked buses carrying migrants from Central America. They had been flown in from texas, where facilities are overwhelmed by the influx. The department of Veterans Affairs is facing more criticism today after a veteran died just 500 yards from an emergency room. The man collapsed monday in an albuquerque v. A. Hospital cafeteria and waited 20 minutes for an ambulance. The e. R. Is a fiveminute walk next door, but hospital policy requires staff to call 911. That policy is now under review. The v. A. Has already come under fire for major delays in veterans treatment. Iraqi Government Troops reported gains against islamic militants today, on two battlefields. They recaptured the village of awja, the birthplace of the former dictator saddam hussein. And they made headway in taking back iraqs Largest Oil Refinery in beiji. Government airstrikes there killed up to 30 insurgents. Also today, iraqi Prime Minister Nouri Almaliki vowed to defeat the militants and signaled he wont abandon a bid for a third term in office. Senior officials in ukraine today accused russia of letting separatist rebels use its territory to attack Ukrainian Border posts. Ukraines secretary of National Security said Russian Troops are also still massing near its border, a charge russia denies. translated theres a Constant Movement of military equipment and armed forces of the Russian Federation close to ukraines border. I want to underline that the violation of ukraines border continues. Attacks are taking place at checkpoints of our military and border guards, which were set up to defend the state border. Woodruff in spite of that, as of today, Ukrainian Forces claimed control of 23 of the 36 regions in the donetsk and luhansk provinces that have declared independence. Billionaire newspaper publisher Richard Mellon scaife died today at his home in pittsburgh. The heir to the mellon banking and oil fortune also funded libertarian and conservative causes. In the 1990s, several of his foundations also gave millions to organizations that were run by critics of president bill clinton. Scaife was 82 years old. Still to come on the newshour the latest on escalating tension between israelis and palestinians; an angry dissent at the Supreme Court; the deadly ebola virus spreads in west africa; british journalists begin prison sentences for their role in hacking phones; the analysis of ruth marcus and michael gerson; and restoring Thomas Jeffersons lost library. Woodruff in the middle east, tensions continued to escalate today. The family members of a Slain Palestinian teenager say their son was murdered in retribution for three young israelis killed in june. Israeli police say they have not yet determined who killed mohamed abu khdeir, or why. Meanwhile, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanayahu has called his death a despicable crime and vowed to bring the perpetrators to justice, adding that there is no place for murder, riots, incitement and vigilantism. Those words did little to satisfy the thousands who turned out for the 16yearolds funeral, however. Lindsey hilsum of independent Television News was at the funeral in East Jerusalem. Woodruff it was a day to chant political slogans, to wave flags, and to remember a boy. Mohamed abu khdeir looked young for his sixteen years. He loved dancing and going to the mosque. And for palestinians he has become a potent symbol of injustice and fear. His family and neighbors prayed as they waited for the Israeli Police to release his body. Across town his father hussein watched as they transferred mohamed in his shroud for an israeli to a palestinian ambulance. How could any father bear such a thousands jostled to see the body as it was taken into the mosque. To walk with the martyr on his last journey. The simple green wooden coffin was brought out of the mosque. Thousands followed the route. It wasnt a formal event like the funeral of the three murdered israeli students buried on monday. No Prime Minister here. No official national mourning. Just raw emotion and anger. They streamed across the scrub land toward the cemetery. Behind them the jewish settlement of ramot. Family members believe that mohameds killers came from there. Determined to avenge the deaths of the three israelis. As they prepared to lower the coffin into the grave, the sound of firing in the air. Mourners saw mohameds killing not just as an act by individuals, but as more evidence of the perfidy of the israeli state. translated the israeli leaders dont want our unity. They found in our unity an enemy. So they want to destroy our enemy, our unity by their actions. Their continual action of killing people like mohamed abu khdeir. 16yearsold. Burned alive by the settlers. Woodruff a handful of dust and moor, men filled in the grave in the traditional way. The cousin was overcome. Not by the politics, but by the misery of losing a boy so young. The family needs, they need justice, they need the truth. Reporter do you think that woodruff after the funeral, young men took out their frustration on the Israeli Security forces. Rocks against rubber bullets. The family is waiting for the autopsy result. The israeli Authorities Say they are investigating. They will get answers. But theres no trust and little dialogue. Woodruff the Associated Press reports that thirteen israeli officers and dozens of palestinians were injured in todays fighting. Jeffrey brown has more on this story. Brown in addition to the clashes in East Jerusalem. The Israeli Air Force struck targets inside of gaza tonight after hamas fired rockets again today into southern israel. The exchange happened despite word of a possible ceasefire between israel and hamas being mediated by egypt. Journalist josh mitnick has been reporting the story on all fronts for the wall street journal. I spoke to him a short time ago. So, josh mitnick, you were at the funeral today. What would you add to what we heard from lindsey hilsum. Well there was a real air of anger and militancy in the air. The debris from several days of riots in jerusalem had not been cleaned up. I saw mourners praying amid shattered glass of a light rail station, and people were, religious chance, antiisrael chance, chance for revenge, chance for blood and people were saying that they thought the Israeli Police were treating this with kid gloves, they were angry that the Israeli Police a had not come to the conclusion that they confidently believe this was a lynching and they were frustrated also with the Palestinian Authority and president Mahmoud Abbas for not embracing them and they accused him of collaborating with israel. And are there signs of protests and violence spreading in the west bank, further escalation . You know, that is the concern of the israeli the israeli army and also i assume that is the concern of the Palestinian Authority and at this moment, that has not happened. At this moment it has been contained to jerusalem. From what i understand is that the president abbas has an interest in this not spreading and ironically in the west of the west Bank President abbas has his own Security Forces which basically try to lower the flames of the conflict. In East Jerusalem it is a different story, however, president abbas does not have the control and it is more easy for the protesters to go out to the Israeli Police and protest and engage in clashes. Well, the Israeli Government has of course condemned the killing, but is there anymore information on the investigation into finding who did it . You know, i spoke with the Police Spokesperson today, and he said that they are still investigating several different motives again, as i said, the fact that the police have not classified this as a nationalist crime, very insulting to the family. They have not released details of the autopsy yet. They will only say that the body of the boy was severely injured. And in the meantime rocket attacks from gaza and Israeli Military planes in reprisal going into gaza. What are authorities on both sides saying about that situation . That right. For the last week there has been a titfortat drinkable of, trickle of rockets into israel and israeli planes launching reprisals. The Israeli Military. In a rare appeal for calm yesterday said they are not interesting in in escalating the situation but that if the militants in gaza and hamas doesnt get control of the situation there, they are prepared to escalate. So something of availed threat knicksed with a message of mollification. Hamas has been putting out mixed signals. Some of the members of its political leadership, of the government there saying they are not interested in escalation however a statement from the military wing of hamas saying they are not willing to engage in any cease fires and they will not impose their control on the other militant groups in gaza strip. And, very briefly if you would, what is your sense of the level of fear that this could escalate to something that the region hasnt seen in some time . With the comparative to different intifadas in the past, especially 2,000, the difference is that the palestinian president , the Palestinian Leader Mahmoud Abbas consistently has come out against the use of violence and assumed he is actively working to cool the flames. However, there is an air of vigilantism in the west bank, there is a new, relatively recent phenomenon of vigilantism among pro set her groups who have carried out revenge attacks on palestinians in the west bank. So as long as this air of taking the law into ones own hands continues, then it is anyones bet and things could spiral out of control. Josh mitnick, thanks so much for joining us. Thank you. Woodruff the u. S. Supreme court late on thursday temporarily exempted a religious college from the contraception coverage provisions of the Affordable Care act. The decision provoked a sharp rebuke from the courts three female justices. The injunction came down just days after a contentious 54 ruling in favor of some businesses that objected to providing Birth Control on the grounds it offended the owners beliefs. For more, we are joined by marcia coyle of the national law journal. Oh, happy to be here, judy. So interesting in that this is an opinion written in about a page or page and a half. The dissent is 15 or 16 pages long. Yes. But tell us the background. What is it that the college was complaining about. First you have to start with what the court said in the lobby hobby lobby case. The majority ruled the contraceptive requirement violated the constitutional restoration act to corporations and their religious owners. In that majority opinion, the court said the real the problem with what the government did here was that it did not choose the least restrictive means of providing that coverage to women who need it. The courts suggested less restrictive alternatives to doing this, for example, the government could pay for the coverage itself or the government could extend an act accommodation that it gives to religious nonprofit organizations. That accommodation says if you sign a government form saying you object, the law then shifts the burden of providing the insurance to the insurer or a third party administrator. That accommodation is what was at the heart of what Wheaton College was objecting to in the u. S. Supreme court this week. This is a Christian College based in illinois. And now this is a college, it is not a corporation. Yes. Unlike the one on which the monday case was based but they are saying we are entitled to win exemption. They are. In fact, no one really objects. They are eligible for this accommodation, but they are claiming that the accommodation itself, the signing of the government form makes them complicit in providing the Conjunto Primavera accept if the coverage and they say that violates the religious freedom act. So they are asking the Supreme Court for an emergency injunction that would prevent the government from fining them if they didnt comply with the requirement or would prevent government from insisting on the accommodation or being fined for not providing the coverage. And there is this form that there is about. Yes. Justice stone i cant, Sonia Sotomayor in her dissent used very Strong Language about what the majority had held. She did. She really made three points. First she said that that the court was retreating from what it said in hobby lobby, the monday decision, in that decision, the majority again said that the accommodation itself achieved all of the governments objectives here as well as provided greater respect for religious liberty and Justice Kennedy even reemphasized that in a separate opinion. He said that would give confidence in the court. The second thing she said Wheaton College had not made out the case for getting an emergency injunction, which is an extraordinary remedy and that one of the requirements is that your legal rights be indies disputably clear and that was didnt case here because the lower courts had yet to rule on the merits of wheatons claim. And finally, she argued, the court by telling Wheaton College all it had to do is submit to the government in writing its objections, not sign the form, the court itself was rewriting federal regulations and it could not do that. So how significant, mars, i cant that you have of the four socalled liberal justices in the court, the three who are women are the ones who took part in this dissent . Well, i think the three women made it very clear what their feels were on monday in the hobby lobby decision, so i am not surprised that they, what they wrote here but they were reemphasizing what Justice Ginsburg said in her dissent that hobby lobby was not a narrow decision, so Justice Sotomayor said now the government will probably, could possibly be receiving thousands of no decision writing from religious organizations claiming that the accommodation violates the freedom religious restoration. Is that a possibility . Oh, yes. There are dozens of lawsuits right now in the lower courts by nonprofit religious organizations claiming that the come addition accommodation violates that federal law. We will watch and see what happens. It is definitely going to play out and and it surely is going to get to the Supreme Court on the merits eventually. Marcia coyle, we thank you very much. My pleasure, judy. Woodruff now, a spreading Health Crisis in africa. International and regional officials met in ghana yesterday to coordinate a strategy to contain an outbreak of ebola, and keep it from spilling over new borders. Jeff is back with our report. Brown with over 750 cases of infection identified and at least 467 individuals killed, the latest Ebola Outbreak in west africa is the now the largest, and deadliest ever, outbreak of the disease. Since february, ebola cases have been reported in both rural and urban areas of guinea, liberia, and sierra leone, leaving Health Workers in a race against time to halt the deadly virus from spreading. Ebola is highly lethal, killing 90 of those who become infected, and is transmitted by direct contact with the bodily fluids of infected animals or people. Despite precautions, Health Workers can still be at risk. This nurse contracted the virus after interacting with an ebola patient who later died. How are you feeling . Do you feel sick . I feel weak. Brown and now there are further dangers for Health Workers in april, a Doctors Without Borders facility in guinea was attacked amid accusations the staff brought the disease into the country. And the red cross this week temporarily suspended operations in the southeastern part of the country after armed men surrounded and threatened workers. Our biggest challenge is denial, fear and panic. Our people are very much afraid of the disease. Brown ending their meeting in ghana, Health Officials spoke of meeting that and other challenges. World Health Organization assistant directorgeneral keiji fukuda that combination of having multiple mini outbreaks going on within the larger outbreak, having them take place in Different Countries, in difficult communities, in different cultures, makes it very complex. Brown among the summits resolutions stepped up surveillance to better detect virus cases; enhanced crossborder collaboration; and increased engagement with local communities and Global Health partners. Late yesterday, i spoke about the situation with laurie garrett, author and senior fellow for Global Health at the council on foreign relations. Well, since we last spoke in april, there was some thought that this was more under control, but instead the situation seems to have worsened. Give us an overview. This is the first time we have ever seen an urban as well as rural he bola outbreak. It is the first time we have seen he bola in the capital cities. It is the first time we have seen he bola crossing borders, now in three countries. And it is the first time we are having an he bola experience in an area rife with the tenses and the hostilities born out of two really brutal civil wars. In sierra leone and in liberia, with spinover into neighboring guinea, so these are three deeply impoverished countries who are in the best of time they are hard pressed to meet the Public Health needs of their people and now to have what is officially designated an outofcontrol epidemic on their hands. So i think i am sorry, but remind us now a little bit of what he bola is and how it is transmitted. He bola is a virus, of course, and it first is known to have appeared in 1976 in a country that was then called democratic republic of congo, it has sporadically appeared a few times since then. I was in the epidemic in 1995 in zaire and a virus that attacks the actual lining sort of the integrity linings of capillary, blood vessels and so on, pushing little microscopic, microscopic the bloodlining so that slowly but surely, blood starts to leak out of the bloodstream. And when it does that you go into hemorrhaging, and it may start out as internal bleeding but can eventually be that you are bleeding from your eyes, you nose, every orifice and in your brain so that you become quite deranged. There is no real treatment, just Palliative Care and there is certainly no cure and there is no vaccine. Is it, you were talking about the spread. Is it correct that authorities really dont quite have a and on how many people are at risk at this point . We have a number of problems with this. One is that this is a heavy due at this he bola, i mean malaria area, so you already have lots of people Walking Around with high fevers and other kinds of symptoms that could confuse diagnosis of he bola, and it is also a region that is known for another viral, terrible disorder, car are rid by rats, carried by rats, symptomatically in the beginning very similar and so a lot of patients will also hemorrhage so you have difficulty in. Making a proper diagnosis and getting reports from all over sierra leone, from all over guinea people turned away from hospitals for routine care simply because they have a fever or simply because they seem dizzy and a little out of it which of course would be a symptom of malaria and as a result we have widespread fear and rage building in the population against the healthcare systems, because the system is afraid to take the contaminated patients into the facilities. And all of that is clearly making it harder for healthcare workers to do anything . Well, it is making it hard for everybody, even the red cross is now abandoned parts of guinea because the workers are getting physically attacked on the frontier or Doctor Office the world have also been brought under violent attack and even the Health Workers from the given countries have been brought under attack. Partly it is a general fearfulness from the population, widespread crazy rumors, such as the doctors are infecting people or the other side, meaning the old wounds of the civil war, your opponents from those days, the people that came and shot your, chopped your childrens arms off or stabbed your grandmother they are spreading an evil omen and you have to stay away because they are running the hospitals, all of this is making the problem absolutely catastrophic. And what about on the, from the medical community what are the theories on why it has spread to so many Different Countries and to urban areas for example as opposed to in the past . Well, first of all, in the past, when i was tick lee, tick lee is a big city with no infrastructure of any kind but more than 400,000 people. But however, incredibly difficult to get to, no airport, no real highways or anything to get in and out so there was never any real risk it was going to leave the area and thats pretty much been the case with every prior outbreak. What makes this city unique is that in this part of west africa, a rain forest swath cuts across all entry of, across all three of these countries and it is a swath inhabited by the bats that normally carry this virus. Something has been going on in that rain forest and for some reason the bats are coming in proximity with monkeys or whatever the humans have secondarily come in contact with in order to become infected and there may have been more than one introduction from the bat rain forest normal area for the virus into the human population, so the first problem, is all three countries have this rain forest, this habitat, the second problem is the borders are very porous between these three countries, and there are a lot of ethnic groups that really dont have any respect for the boundaries. They have frequently flowed as we saw with the famous civil war led by charles taylor, a bona fide war criminal because he readily crossed the borders between sierra leone and liberia and made his war a two country war. Laurie garret, thank you so much. Thank you. Woodruff a British Court sentenced the former editor of Rupert Murdochs news of the world tabloid to 18 months in jail today, for his role in the socalled phone hacking scandal. Andrew coulson also later served as a key advisor to british Prime Minister david cameron. It was under coulsons editorship that the practice of reporters hacking into the cell phones of private individuals looking for news became wide spread. One of the phones hacked belonged to a thirteen yearold kidnapped school girl who was later found dead. We have a report from andy davies of independent Television News. Reporter in a story about power and privacy, andy coulson has precious little of either right now. Once at the helm of britains biggestselling paper, once at the side of a Prime Minister. The 46yearold buttoned up his jacket, turned briefly for the cameras, and walked into court for the inevitable. Neville fullbeck, his former awardwinning chief reporter had perhaps hoped for a suspended sentence. He pleaded guilty to hacking before the trial began. But he was jailed too. Along with greg miskiw, another vetrtan news of the world man, who turned up alone, his shoe laces undone, pulling along his suitcase, preparing for the worst. Like fullbeck, he was jailed for six months, both are unlikely to serve more than three. The only two to walk in and walk back out former newsdesk editor james weatherup, and the papers erstwhile private investigator and hackerin chief, glen mulcaire. Their sentences were suspended. This final act at the end of this dramatic eightmonth trial played out before a packed court 12 i counted around 130 people crammed into that courtroom. There were lawyers and detectives who worked on the case standing at the back by the door. There were some jurors who returned witness it all, relatives looking on from the public gallery. And there, in the glasspaneled dock, this once formidable unit of tabloid journalists with their highlypaid private investigator took their seats. And for the first time they were flanked by security guards. And then mr. Justice saunders began. He spoke of the many thousands of phone hacks theyd been responsible for, some of intensely personal messages. Rights to individual privacy counted for little during this time, he said. They wanted stories and showed little concern for how they got them. The defendants other than mulcaire, he said, were distinguished journalists, who had no need to behave as they did to be successful. They all achieved a great deal without resorting to the unlawful invasion of other peoples privacy. But he added, those achievements will now count for nothing. As andy coulson was led from the dock down to the cells, he turned and glanced briefly up at the public gallery. Brief too, was the comment offered by his old boss david cameron, who last week apologized for hiring him. Well what it says is that its right that justice should be done and no one is above the law, as ive always said. Reporter today the judge said coulson, who fought the allegations for so long, had to take the major share of the blame for the phone hacking. He knew about it and encouraged it when he should have stopped it. Woodruff five other defendants including rebekah brooks, another former editor at the paper, were acquitted last week. Woodruff this holiday week has been pretty quiet in washington, but theres still plenty to talk about with Washington Post columnists ruth marcus and michael gerson. Theyre filling in for mark shields and david brooks, who are away for the holiday. We welcome you both. Happy 4th of july to you too. So lets start by talking to the, about the Supreme Court, this case i was discussing a few minutes ago with marcia coyle, where ten court ruled, the justices handed down an opinion yesterday with a strong dissent from Justice Sotomayor about religious college in illinois taking exception to how they are supposed to comply with the Affordable Care act. What is the how big of a deal is this . Well, it shows the continuing turmoil that we are going to have in this area of law where where in part because of the result of the hobby lobby decision, the decision that was handed down earlier in the week, because when the court says that corporations and others have religious freedom rights to oppose participating in these contraceptive rules, and when places like Wheaton College, which clearly has the right to decline to participate in these rules balk at even signing forms to do it you are inevitably going to have this continuing court involvement, and how interesting it was that it was the three women justice whose were speaking up in dissent. Which is something i was asking marcia about. Michael i just learned yo you are an alumnus. Wheaton college, proud wheaton, very religious place, very sincere views on this question, i think the, what the court seemed to be saying is we are going to eventually decide how this should be compromised that the administration sees this applied to religious Nonprofit Institutions and we are going going to give relief to places like wheaton while we decide this, it is temporary as these cases come up in case, we decided hobby lobby which is for profit and looking at nonprofit religious institutions. A lot of question people have is how large are the repercussions from this . Will it end up, marcia says there are a number of other cases coming down the pipeline that could result in the court moving even further. Well, i think in the hobby lobby case, the court did something important, but thoroughly narrow, it says the religious freedom restoration act applies to a certain category of for profit category under this if you have a substantial burdening in beliefs the court has to pursue the lease obtrusive mean the to achieve the ends, that is what we are seeing here, this law was approved 97 to three in the senate and by voice vote in the house and signed by bill clinton, i think if the congress wanted to overturn this, it would be very politically unpopular. Yes. But you have to acknowledge that when that law was passed 97 to three, by the way in the action to the previous Supreme Court case no one anticipated we would have for profit corporations arguing whether they has religious right. In terms of the broader impact i think we dont know yet. The court in the majority was very careful to say, look this superintendent going to apply in cases of racial discrimination, it wont apply in cases of vaccination because there are other issues at stake there. This is what the majority said. The dissent described it as very broad, i expect it will be marginally confined to this particular contested area of contraceptive rights and abortion rights. We certainly are seeing a divided court and we were talking earlier about this month about how the court came together in a number of ways but significantly it was while, fun while it lasted. I think the result os of the courts unanimity have been greatly exaggerated. It is totally true as you were discussing that there has been a remarkably large number of unanimous decision this is year, twothirds compared to half over the last five years but i think that masks continuing Division Division honest the court. We saw it in the hobby lobby and the affirmative action cases and we saw it in the Campaign Finance cases. There are other hot button issues that the court did not take up this year that are coming down the pike, samesex marriage, gun rights, and some of these unanimous cases really were they just masked deep divisions even though nine votes for a result, there were very strong divisions about what the right result was to get there. You have strong thoughts about whether it is unusual amount of division . No. We have the odd phenomenon of vicious concurrences. Yes. Which is you know a little bit there is a false agreement here, but they agree unless they disagree. All right. Lets talk about very much want to ask you about immigration. We have several things going on at once. One, michael, of course is this extraordinary influx of children, some of them very Young Children coming across the border, the southern border of the United States and coming from Central America through mexico, you have protestsable reported early another protest today in southern california, at one of these processing centers, what is the right answer here . Both sides seem angry and upset. I think president obama realizes there is a serious challenge here. He has talked about 2 billion, additional dollars for border enforcement, he has talked about maybe even changing the rules to make it clear people cant stay under these circumstances. I will put it this way, though. I think there is a lot of justified concerned about chaos on our borders and a lot of concern about middle americans have about the effects of immigration on wages and other issues. But blame the system, blame the coyotes, the people who bring the people in, blame the administration if you want but dont blame the children who are here, because of problems in abroad. That is the disturbing element here that i think is the trap for republicans, as they do criticisms on immigration policy, many of which are valid, they have to do it in a way that is not unwelcoming to a group of people that i think are, you know, key group of voters. And . In this tragedy of these children at the border as you were saying. Yet these protesters are saying we dont want any weni already have enough immigrants in this country who are here illegally. And. It is a big mess. The best hope for the administration which is something of a sane hope is to try to get the message out in Central America do not come, it will not work. But there is so much desperation that the next best hope is to get the resources and the authorities to process these cases very quickly, but the fact of the matter is under law these children are entitled to hearings about whether they have legitimate claims for asylum and some of them are going to have legitimate claims for asylum, as long as there is so much desperation and violence in Central America, they are going to come and we are going to have this problem. But as you were pointing out to us there, they are entitled to a hearing, but having to deal with so many at one time. Well, i think there is going to be a debate in the congress if the administration wants to change that process and some of the president s allies in on the immigration issue are not going to be happy if that process is changed so he could have problems on his left as this moves forward and it would be a tremendous paradox after all of the debate on broad Immigration Reform if the only Immigration Reform that was pass bid the congress in this session were border enforcement, but i dont think the president could be happy about that, and put a lot of pressure on him to do executive orders that relate to immigration, because what h he d to do on the border and immigration is one of the places he was expressing frustration this week and not only after the speaker of the house john boehner said we are going sue you over your use of executive orders, the president at one point this week fold one audience so sue me but he seems to be expressing more frustration about his inability to get things done, meanwhile, good jobs numbers this week, is this a particularly difficult moment for the presidency or how do you see it . I think it is a particular difficult, particularly difficult moment for the presidency and it is not surprising it is a difficult moment. I think almost all second term president s, particular i are second term president s with oppositional president s and in this situation some of them turn to Foreign Policy because that is an area where they have broad discretion and can exercise themselves. This is not a great area for this president right now because Foreign Policy problems are more irrelevant retractible than the domestic policies. We saw this with president clinton is start to use the pen and executive orders and to try to express their muscularity and their president ial authority that way, but not surprising that he is so frustrated. How do you see his ability to get anything done right now . Michael . Well, i think it is very limited. This argument between congress and the president at the boundaries of the separation of powers goes on again and again and it will be adjudicated, but you can come across if you take this approach as weak if you are saying i cant get things done, i am going to act on these rights which are essentially limited. Minimum wages and things options are limited i would also add as a speechwriter be careful about your catchphrases, okay . The Ronald Reagan said go ahead and make my day it was Clint Eastwood he was parroting when you say so sue me it is like the annoying guy that takes your parking space and says that. It is not a particularly strong, muscular message when it comes to the presidency. The president is not looking a lot like Lyndon Johnson right now getting things done, it looks like he is complaining he cant get things done and i think that is tough message for him. And meanwhile we are just months away from another exciting mid, set of midterm elections does all of this have bearings on this or a thousand more things going to happen . We know a thousand other things will happen between now and then. We dont know what they are. It has bearing, in the macro sense whether people are feeling annoyed by the president because he is the guy who stole your parking space or kind of it depends on how you react on that is where you started but there are also abilities within these executive orders for example to rev up a particular part of the base, but most important, we already saw from the president example with the executive order on contracts from discriminating on the basis of sexual orientation, the really big one is how far the president chooses to go on immigration, and here i think he, you made a good point earlier, michael, he is going to have tension not just with the republicans who will accuse him of overreacting and overreaching on the right but immigration groups on the left complaining he didnt go far enough. 32nds, thought on how all of this affects the fall is elections . Well, i think the immigration debate unfortunately is just another admission that we can only do things through crisis in america. Sometimes not even then. Stepping back and looking at the whole issue, doing comprehensive reform it just hit a brick wall and republicans have a lot to do with that because of their own divided base on this issue. But it is just a comment commentary on our system we go from crisis to crisis instead of stepping back and making choices and maybe that is the most patriotic thing in this process is step back and look at the big problems. Well we are glad to step back and to step forward with the two of you. Happy 4th of july, we thank you for being here, michael gerson. Thank woodruff finally tonight, as the nation celebrates its 238th birthday, jeff takes a look at an effort to preserve a key part of its literary history. Brown if it has a j in the number up here, it means it survived the fire. The j is for jefferson. And Mark Dimunation, chief of rare books for the library of congress, is a lover of all things Thomas Jefferson. This originally was a pamphlet from 1774. Just the most important statement of revolutionary ideology ever written brown the library of congress was established in 1800, and housed in the new capitol. 14 years later, when the british burned much of washington during the war of 1812, including the capitol, the library and its then 3,000 volumes were destroyed. Jefferson, by then retired and living at monticello, offered his own library of 6,500 books as a replacement for whatever price found appropriate. It was the largest private collection of its time, amassed over 50 years in europe and america, and covered a huge range of subjects history, philosophy, gardening, and much more. Then, in 1851, fire struck again. This time from a chimney flue in the capitol building. And almost two thirds of jeffersons books were lost. It was then that a decision was made to build a new separate library of congress, today housed in three buildings, one of them named for jefferson. Books that are Thomas Jeffersons that have survived all travail are marked with a green ribbons such as the books here. Brown sixteen years ago, Mark Dimunation and his team set out to restore jeffersons collection. Replacing the lost books with copies from the same publisher, date, and edition. Green ribbons denote books from the original library. Gold are copies that serve as replacements. The white or ghost boxes are placeholders for the 250 books still being sought. This is extremely important to america, and the american people, on many, many levels. Its not just that these are Thomas Jeffersons books, these are the books that jefferson actually used to shape his political ideas, we can pinpoint books that be brought with him to philadelphia, that were instrumental in shaping the language of the declaration of independence, we know the text that caused him to switch to pursuit of happiness as opposed to the pursuit of property, things that affect us to this day. We have this documentation of not only the 18th century, but when you do the whole sweep of the circle, you realize that jefferson has documented the enlightenment, and has brought it to america. Brown missing pieces of the collection have been filled in primarily through rare book dealers, but also by tracking down duplicates in attics and homes. One book was hidden in plain sight at the naval observatory, the home of the Vice President there is a work about the observation of the shape of the earth which was done by taking measurements in northern finland by a frenchman. And he arrives at the conclusion that the earth is more egg shaped than round. Thats quite an important study and not that common of a work. Brown today, tourists flow through the circular space of the jefferson library, the way its founder had ordered his books. This is a man who works with his books. Hes not an idle collector. Hes not an idle reader. He refers to his books and moves out. But we know from his correspondence that he read these books. Brown digital kiosks categorized by memory, reason, and imagination make the collection searchable and readable online for visitors like this family from ft. Smith, arkansas. It really is amazing that all of this survived all these years you hear about how much he knew but to see the actual books is really incredible. It is awe inspiring. Its very humbling about how little we pursue other passions compared to him. Brown the books themselves, including this trilingual edition of the works of tacitus are under lock and key. With a limited curatorial staff having access. But any book can be requested for use in the rare book reading room by researchers with a special pass. Back in the rare book reading room, dimunation shared books, and thoughts, with belgian diplomat and publisher andre querton. Whod visited jeffersons home at monticello a few years ago and found himself captivated. I have had this fascination for Thomas Jefferson, for his house, for his books, as im a book collector myself and love to read all the time. And suddenly i wanted to touch his books. Everybody knows the expression, to fall in love, to use in english. Do you use the expression, fall in friendship . Well i fell in friendship with him. What is lost is lost. A shame, its the history of mankind. What im seeing here are the remains of the day. Brown maybe so, but dimunation hopes his quest to recover more books will continue to bear fruit. Just in the past couple of months, hes received 12 copies hed been searching for. Oh, what better sandbox could you be in . I mean, im reconstructing jeffersons world, these are important books, its a puzzle, its the foundation of the library of congress, couldnt be better. Brown and, with each recovered volume, another piece of the puzzle of who Thomas Jefferson was, as a man and a leader, is put more firmly in place. Woodruff again, the major developments of the day. Israeli Police Clashed with Palestinian Protesters during the funeral of an arab teenager who was killed in what was thought to be revenge for the death of three israeli teens. And North Carolina survived hurricane arthur, and new england braced for Tropical Storm strength rain and winds later tonight. On the newshour online right now, what does the pursuit of happiness look like around the world today . The organization for Economic Cooperation and developments better life index asks users to rate 11 topics on importance to their wellbeing. See what americans say is most important to them, and learn how the poll is timed to the world cup. All that and more is on our web site, newshour. Pbs. Org. And a reminder about some upcoming programs from our pbs colleagues. Tonight, join in the Independence Day celebration here in washington d. C. With performances by the National Symphony orchestra and many others, topped off by a brilliant display of fireworks. Tom bergeron hosts a capitol fourth, airing tonight on most pbs stations. Check your local listings. And on tomorrows edition of pbs newshour weekend, Hari Sreenivasan reports from the aspen ideas festival. And well be back, right here, on monday, with a look at the latest from iraq. Thats the newshour for tonight, im judy woodruff. Have a nice weekend, thank you and good night. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by when i was pregnant, i got more advice than i knew what to do with. 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