Dropped out of school, you know theyre still engaged in hip hop and rap and drawing, and tagging and all the things that we see in our communities that are tied to the arts. Ifill those are just some of the stories were covering on tonights pbs newshour. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by moving our economy for 160 years. Bnsf, the engine that connects us. Supported by the john d. And catherine t. Macarthur foundation. Committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. More information at macfound. Org and with the ongoing support of these institutions and. This program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Woodruff more cities in iraq fell today to a rapidly advancing wave of Al Qaeda Linked militants. Today, it was tikrit, only 80 miles north of baghdad. Yesterday, the extremists took over iraqs secondlargest city, mosul. Jonathan rugman of independent Television News has this report from Northern Iraq. Reporter for a second day, militants of the socalled Islamic State in iraq and greater syria continued their rapid advance. Yesterday mosul fell to them. Today the fighters continued south taking the strategic town of baji and even advancing to tikrit. Tikrit, saddam husseins hometown looked empty. Apparently testament once again to the lack of government opposition to the extremists in their midst. In mosul itself, i. S. I. S. Consolidated its control. Parading the spoils of victory, u. S. Made military vehicles and hardware, abandoned as the iraqi army fled. Though the man notionally in charge of this country suggested a counter attack is coming. translated today, we are dealing with tackling the situation. We are making preparations and regrouping armed forces concerned with mopping up from those terrorists. Reporter but for all mr malikis talk there is little sign of any significant fight back. A stream of refugees continued to flee from mosul. According to one estimate half a million. Mostly sunni arabs heading for the relative safety of the kurdish controlled north and erbil, its capital. Weve come with absolutely no plan. We just came here because its stable. Were looking for stability. When is kurds of Northern Iraq were fleeing from saddam husain. The question is these extremists have made their gains so fast they cant hold on to the terrorist, they captured a vast terrorist stretching from iraq into syria. The sight of scores of fighters celebrating the capture of military booty not only embarrass baghdad but intensify concerns but intensify concerns that not just syria but iraq now pose the biggest threat to security in the middle east and beyond. Woodruff at the state department in washington. Spokeswoman jen psaki denied the situation in iraq showed a failure of western policy there, but acknowledged the u. S. Is concerned. Were focused right now on how we can assist the government at this point in time during what is a very challenging security situation on the ground and thats how were going to exert our efforts. Woodruff psaki also said the u. S. Has no confirmation of reports the militants are expanding their offensive closer to the iraqi capital, baghdad. Ifill in pakistan, more flights were canceled to Karachi Airport today, amid concerns over the security situation in the port city. Residents are still reeling from two attacks this week at karachis Jinnah International airport. Today, a group of ethnic uzbek fighters claimed to have played a role in sundays attack. They said it was revenge for airstrikes by the Pakistani Army in tribal regions. Woodruff here in the u. S. , a bill designed to let people refinance their Student Loans stalled in the senate today. Democrats said it would have permitted about 25 Million People with older Student Loans to refinance that debt at lower, current interest rates. Democrat al franken of minnesota cosponsored the legislation. You can refinance a home loan, you can refinance a car loan, you can refinance business debt. Why not allow our 44 Million People in america to refinance their student debt . Woodruff republicans argued the legislation was too expensive, especially on highincome americans who would have been levied a 30 tax to pay for it. Senate Minority Leader Mitch Mcconnell said it was an Election Year ploy, and asserted americans are too smart to fall for it. Students can understand this wont make college more affordable and it wont reduce the amount of money they have to borrow. And students know it wont do a thing, not a thing, to fix the economy thats depriving so many Young Americans of the jobs they seek. Woodruff president obama signed an executive order on monday to make it easier for 5 Million People to pay off their Student Loans. Ifill the f. B. I. Has started a criminal investigation of the department of veterans affairs. F. B. I. Director james comey told a congressional hearing it will be led by the field office in phoenix. An inspector generals report last month confirmed the v. A. Hospital there had excessive wait times and inappropriate scheduling of patients. Woodruff the European Union launched an investigation into tax reduction deals that apple, starbucks and fiat have in some european countries. Its part of a wider push to keep multinational corporations from taking unfair advantage of tax loopholes. The deals are in ireland, the netherlands and luxembourg. The e. U. Says they may be improper if they give companies an advantage over competitors who dont get the same deal. Ifill on wall street today, stocks took their worst hit in three weeks, with the dow ending its fiveday rally. The Dow Jones Industrial average lost 102 points to close above 16,843. The nasdaq fell six points to close above 4,331. The sandp 500 slipped seven points to close at 1,943. Woodruff still to come on the newshour shock waves from House Majority leader eric cantors stunning primary defeat; defense secretary chuck hagel faced tough questions over the prisoner swap to free Army Sergeant bowe bergdahl; we look at what to do with those left at guantanamo; plus, a Chicago School turns to art to inspire academic success; and in brazil, excitement mixes with frustration ahead of the world cup. Ifill todays announcement by eric cantor that he would step down as majority leader at the end of july sent an Election Year jolt through washington. The move opens up a battle to replace the secondranking republican in the house, even as the party tries to determine how the campaign was caught so off guard. Ifill cantor spoke with reporters after meeting with his republican colleagues behind closed doors late this afternoon. While i will not be on the ballot in november, i will be a champion for conservatives across the nation who are dedicated to preserving liberty and providing opportunity. Surely what divides republicans pales in comparison to what divides us as conservatives from the left and their democratic party. Ifill the richmond lawmakers decision to give up his leadership post came less than 24 hours after he became the first House Majority leader ever defeated in a primary. I know theres a lot of long faces here tonight. And its disappointing, sure. Ifill cantor was ousted in convincing fashion by a virtual unknown, Randolph Macon College Professor david brat, who had never run for office before. The loss was the biggest upset so far this primary season. As House Speaker John Boehners second in command, cantor had long been seen as the leading candidate to succeed, or overthrow, him. Internal polls showed cantor well ahead in the campaigns closing days, cantor was confident enough of a coming victory that he spent part of election day in washington, not in his home district. This is the happiest moment, obviously, of my life and i owe it to all of you in this room. Number one. Ifill brat, who was outspent by cantor 20to1, came out of nowhere, snubbed even by some National Tea Party organizations. The reason we won this campaign, if theres just one reason, thats because dollars do not vote, you do. Ifill brat will face democrat and fellow Randolph Macon College Professor Jack Trammell in novembers election. The Party Committee had only selected him monday. Although cantors defeat was a huge capitol hill surprise, there have been others. Former House Speaker thomas foley and former Senate Majority leader tom daschle, both democrats, each went down to shocking defeat, but in general, not primary, races. House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi said the results should send a strong message to the g. O. P. His opponent said he was too close to wall street instead of main street that what weve been saying all along. Ifill another republican incumbent considered to be far more endangered, south carolinas lindsey graham, cruised easily to victory in a crowded field last night, defeating six challengers. He won with 57 of the vote. But in the wake of cantors precipitous fall, the republican majority in the house tonight, is in an uproar. Ifill we get the latest now on the flurry of activity on capitol hill today from ed okeefe. He covers congress for the Washington Post. Ed, almost 24 hours later, whats the gem accepted understanding of what happened last night . Basically he got thumped. Brat raised only about 123,000 to take the republican nomination in the 7t 7th Congressional District in virginia. Bottom line based on the reporting of my colleagues who covered virginia more closely than i can from here, it turned into a few things. One general tea party outrage at a Top Republican leader, two concerns that he was seriously considering moving the house into a broader debate about immigration with the Obama Administration and the senate democrats, and believe it or not the fact that there are more republicans now in his redrawn district that showed up and, for whatever reason, just didnt want to renominate him. Ifill so there was a turnout question in the end . It wasnt that there were too few people who showed up. 25,000 additional voters showed up than last time, the problem is they werent voting for cantor. They were tea party or conservative voters who felt it was time to turn him out, he hadnt done enough for the district and he was more cultivating his fellows on capitol hill and the republican conference than the concerns at home or the general concerns about republicans across the country. Ifill there was a lot of drama involving the House Republican conference. Lets talk about the guy who won, dave brat. What does anyone know about him . Hes an economist and College Professor inundated today now that the National Spotlight is upon him. He did National Television interviews this morning, got questions on policy he wasnt expecting, was planning on holding a News Conference with reporters midday and then abruptly canceled it. He said he was going to take off a few days to be with his family and regroup. The head of the National Republican Congressional Committee, the group that elects republicans to house seats and Speaker Boehner said they tried reaching out to brat, called and texted him and havent heard back, his voicemail box is full. Ifill thats interesting for someone whos possible to be the next member of congress. I want to talk about that poll. Not long ago we saw eric cantor come out after a meeting with members of his caucus and straightup say, hey, i got beat and i wish everybody the best. What is his mood, what is the mood up there . I have to tell you, shocking, stupefied arent proper descriptions. People are completely dumbfounded. It was about this time last night as polls were about to close that people began to realize this was a possibility and within hours others who would like to rise in the leadership ranks started texting their colleagues and saying, hey, if youre thinking about backing the new majority leader why do you consider me . Pete sessions of texas, the chairman of the house rules committee, he was doing that late last night and early this morning. Sessions would like to channel Kevin Mccarthy who is the top whip or vote counter in the republican conference. You saw cantor address republicans and said he thought mccarthy would make an outstanding leader and threw his support behind him but mccarthy expected to face sessions in the only vote up for grab the next week. The republicans essentially act like High Schoolers in a Student Council race. You have to ask your classmates, are you with me, against me . What can i do to get your vote . Instead of lunch meals in the cafeteria and less homework, its would you like a senior position on the committee or a deputy whip and help count the votes in the future or do you need extra money for your Reelection Campaign and it will be that kind of horse trading. You remember probably from the 90s and earlier this century, this is the First Leadership race weve had in several years. Ifill i want to talk to folks here with us a little bit about what cantors defeat and brats victory tells us about the future for Republican Party leadership. Joining us are tom davis, former republican congressman from virginia and past chairman of the National Republican Congressional Committee and adam brandon, from freedomworks, a conservative Grassroots Organization based in washington. How did dave brat pull this off an surprise everybody . Its a vote against the republican establishment. Eric cantor instead of going after the president when he became a leader, had to sit down, start passing bills, like the debt ceiling, we opening the government that are very unpopular with the republican base. On weekend instead of being home in his district, explaining votes, hes raising money for the Republican Party and electing other republicans and created basically a vacuum where david brat stepped in and filled it. The theme about the Midterm Campaign has been the republican insurgency versus the republican establishment. When somebody like eric cantor who has maybe 100 rating from conservative groups go down, how do you define establishment . Eric is probably the most conservative member of the Republican Leadership in the house. Thats pretty well documented. But the base is very, very angry at this point, that they dont want to sit down. They want someone whos going to express their anger and rage and when you sit down and compromise, thats not what they want to do now. Things are not going well for the middle part of this country. The wages have been stagnant 20 years, have had an economic bailout, bail out for wall street and nothing for main street and two wars go sideways and theyre angry. Ifill how much money did freedomworks invest in dave brat . Zero. I wish we could have. Ifill why not . Wish we could have invested in a lot of races across the country. We dont have the resources. Theres races in mississippi, oklahoma, runoffs in atlanta and georgia. Only so much money that we can spread around. Money is not the strong suit. What we have is energy. Ifill how do you think eric cantor stumbled . Democracy works and people in his district felt he got out of touch with them. I think the candidate, when you hear how he ran his campaign, he says grassroots, grassroots, grassroots and money cannot buy enthusiasm but going door to door and shaking hands, you can build a machine that way. Ifill what are the issues that drives this kind of grassroots, anger, activism, whatever term you want to use . Weve heard today maybe its immigration or weve heard today its this insiderness of washington. Are there policy reasons why people seem to be if you go back a few years ago, say 2010 starting people wanted to send people to washington to get the National Debt and deficit under control. Today the debt and deficit is 17 trillion and counting and theyre not seeing that progress. And for eric cantor, he was one of the people they were expecting to show progress and actually brig that debt and deficit down and that didnt happen, so theyre more than willing to find someone else to send to washington to advance the cause. Ifill tom davis, is eric cantor seen in the eyes of folks as an apiecer in any way on issues like immigration . By virtue of being in leadership, you have to produce a legislative work product. You cant just shut everything down indefinitely. If you dont have the senate and the presidency, what are you do do on your own . So they had to try to take what they felt were responsible actions, raising the debt ceiling, ending the shutdown, and i think a lot of republicans in his district and across the country said we dont see a very good deal here. Were not getting what we hired you to do. So by virtue of being in the leadership and having to make these decisions, i think you become, to a degree, radioactive with this days. If im john boehner, that makes me nervous. He won open handedly. The cultural morays in this country are changing rapidly and people feel threatened all the way through and they want someone who will stand up for what they believe and not someone who will compromise and work their way through it. Ifill so no compromise . Bipartisanship is a word that gets thrown around and every time ive seen a bipartisan deal, government grows. Were looking for a bipartisan deal to reduce taxes and spending and government. If bipartisan grows government, the base is not interested in that. Theyre looking for compromises to shrink the government. Ifill did Immigration Reform, the comprehensive Immigration Reform should be part of the republican agenda for the future of the party backfire . When i talked to activists, one of the things i heard from is they felt this immigration deal was being done behind closed doors, the k street and lobbyists were crafting the legislation and wanted debate and that did real concerns about the process. Ifill tom . Eric cantor has been a good, strong conservative leader. He had a good responsibility and i think he got a raw deal in termso of the way he was portrayed. But if you arent explaining it to rotary clubs and Party Caucuses and the like, you wont sell it. The grassroots on immigration is upset and will make it difficult to get any kind of immigration bill through this year. Ifill he said today at his press conference he went to his district every week. You may go back but if you arent there during waking hours, what good is it . You have to be three dimensional and out there. Eric was a team player, helping his colleagues get elected and raising money. What does he do when he go back . His campaign spent more money on steak dinners than his opponent. Ifill ed okeefe, what are the final shoes everyone is waiting to drop . Well see who prevails in race for majority leader. They stet schedule and the legislative agenda. Till a new leader begins, were in limbo as to exactly what the house might be doing. Immigration probably a nonstarter. But there are problems at the department of veterans affairs, spending bills that have to be passed by the end of september and elections underway. All of this expected to be a factor and really the entire plan for the republicans this year was no drama. Well, its about as dramatic as it gets right now and well see how they sort it out. Got that right. Ed okeefe of the Washington Post, adam brandon of freedomworks and former congressman tom davis, thank you all very much. Thank you. Woodruff defense secretary chuck hagel stepped into a firestorm today, facing angry lawmakers, upset over a controversial deal that freed a u. S. Soldier in exchange for five taliban detainees. We could have done a better job, could have done a better job of keeping you informed. Woodruff secretary hagel struck two different tones at a house hearing today, as he discussed the prisoner swap that freed Sergeant Bowe bergdahl. He was conciliatory at first. Then firm. The exchange needed to take place quickly, efficiently and quietly. We believe this exchange was our last best opportunity to free him. We did not know the precise location until one hour before. And we did not know until the moment Sergeant Bergdahl was handed over safely to u. S. Special Operations Forces that the taliban would hold up their end of the deal. Woodruff the hearing was the first time an Administration Official has testified publicly on the deal. It comes less than two weeks after the u. S. Agreed to release five taliban detainees from Guantanamo Bay in exchange for bergdahl. Lawmakers have since sharply criticized the white house for releasing the detainees without the required 30 days notice to congress. That became a centerpiece of the questioning today, starting with Armed Services Committee Chair howard mckeon. The detainee transfer raises Numerous National Security Policy and legal questions. The explanations we received from the white house officials at a house white briefing earlier this week were misleading and at times blatantly false. There is no compelling reason why the department could not provide a notification to congress 30 days before the transfer, especially when it has complied with a notification requirement for all previous Gitmo Detainee transfers since enactment of the law. Woodruff hagel disputed that claim, which also came from other republicans and democrats, saying time was not on our side. But under these exceptional circumstances, a fleeting opportunity to protect the life of an American Service member held captive and endangered for almost five years, the National Security team and the president of the United States agreed that we needed to act swiftly. Woodruff hagel said the administration consulted the Justice Department and was told notification was unnecessary. He also said the administration was concerned about leaks. The hearing grew tense at times, including one exchange between hagel and Florida Republican jeff miller over why bergdahl is still being treated in germany at a u. S. Military hospital. Youre trying to tell me that hes being held at landstuhl, germany, because of his medical condition . Congressman, i hope youre not implying anything other than that. The fact is im just asking the question, mr. Secretary, and you wont answer. Im going to give an answer too, and i dont like the implication of the question. Well, answer it answer it hes being held there because our medical professionals dont believe hes ready until theyre they believe he is ready to take he next step to his rehabilitation. Woodruff todays hearing comes as new opinion polls shed light on the publics view of the swap. According to an a. B. C. Washington post poll, 51 of americans disapprove of the Prisoner Exchange for bergdahl. And if officials find that bergdahl did, in fact, desert his post before his capture, the disapproval rate jumps above 60. Meanwhile, new details emerged about the soldiers past. The Washington Post reported today that bergdahl had been discharged from the coast guard for psychological reasons. His case has raised larger questions about prisoners being transferred from Guantanamo Bay. Hagel noted today 620 detainees have left guantanamo since 2002, 532 during the george w. Bush administration and 88 since president obama took office. Woodruff so, where do things stand at guantanamo today . In all, 149 detainees still remain at the prison camp, from 19 different countries. 78 have been cleared for transfer or repatriation to their homelands. Of the 71 detainees not cleared for transfer, the department of defense expects 20 will be prosecuted before military commissions. The 51 remaining prisoners have been deemed by the administration as too dangerous to release; however, there is not enough evidence to charge them with specific crimes. To sort through these numbers, and the complications of closing the detention facility at the naval base, we get two different views. Benjamin wittes is a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution and author of the book, detention and denial the case for candor after guantanamo. And bahher azmy is legal director at the center for Constitutional Rights, an organization that currently represents ten detainees at the prison. And we welcome you both. So lets start with the 78 detainees who have been cleared for transfer or we patriation to their homelands. Let me ask you this, baher azmy, why havent they have been released . Whats holding this up . Whats holding it up is simply a failure of political will from the Obama Administration. He has been vested for years with authority to transfer individuals from guantanamo. The only current restraint is he gives congress 30 days notice prior to transfer and that the Defense Department makes certain representations to ensure that the transfer wont jeopardize National Security, representations that the Obama Administration has been making for years in advance of any transfer. So there are no serious political or legal obstacles to transfer. Its simply a function of political will on the Obama Administration. Just seems to me that given this recent incident about bergdahl demonstrates the president cant win no matter what if hes trying to satisfy his republican opponents, so he should just simply act on his commitment to close the facility and do so soon. Woodruff well, and i want to get to the larger point in a minute. First, ben wittes, what ant those cleared to go home or somewhere else. Part of political will . Part of political will but additional factors. When you clear someone for release or transfer, thats generally not an unconditional clearance, its not like this person is completely harmless, so lets just set them free. Theres usually a clearance conditional on certain security arrangements being made with the country thats going to receive them that is, you have to find a country thats willing to receive them, thats willing to treat them appropriately and willing to keep track of them, and those arrangements can be difficult to make, they can be complicated, particularly when youre dealing a lot of these people are from yemen. Weve had a very hard time getting the Yemeni Government to make assurances that we can take seriously as to what will happen to people when they come home. Woodruff youre saying there are practical reasons why it hasnt happened, not just political . Each repatriation or settlement takes a very delicate negotiation and set of arrangements and those are hard and sometimes take a lot of time and some of them have not been possible to do. Baher azmy, sounds like hes saying its more than political will, there are real complications, but i want to turn you to the other detainees, i think 71 who are not cleared for transfer, 20 of them going before military commissions, 50some. What were told is theyre in this ambiguous situation, they are dangerous but theres not enough evidence to charge them with a specific crime. What should happen to them . Well, they should either be charged with a crime or released. I mean, this notion that some cannot be tried but are too dangerous is an allset in our constitutional system, a system grounded on rationality and International Human rights, one cannot be detained unless theyve committed a crime, and thats the basis to assess dangerousness, not by looking into some abstract prediction about darkness in their heart or who their connections were 12 years ago, and if we remain faithful to our constitution, individuals should either be tried or sent home. Woodruff youre arguing they should be release . Unless they are charged either through a fair criminal process in an article 3 court or through the illfated eventually illfated military commission, yes, we have no authority to detain those individuals. Woodruff what about this other group, ben wittes . What baher said is an articulation for the Constitutional Rights position, its not an articulation of u. S. Law. The courts have repeatedly confronted the question of whether criminal charges are the only lawful basis on which to hold guantanamo detainees and they have repeatedly said that, in an armament conflict and there is an Armed Conflict under u. S. Law between the United States and al quaida and the taliban it is lawful to hold the en enemy till the end of hostilities and that is not the basis on charges on which people at guantanamo are being held and thats based on an assessment of dangerousness and there is a group within the 71 against whom charges have been filed or are expected but thats not the basis on which all of them are being held or under the law need to be held. Woodruff how much of this gets resolved baher azmy as the u. S. Withdraws from afghanistan when the conflict ends there . Well, even articulation of the law, the end of hostilities in afghanistan represents the end of authority to detain individuals who as he suggests we claim hold pursuant to authority to prevent a return to active hostilities in the supreme court, explained the 2004 decision that when active hostilities and the authority to detain ends. Woodruff so bottom line here to both of you, how do you resolve this . I mean, is there a way to get to resolve it short of the end of the war, even after the war ends sounds like there is still ambiguity. So, look, youve got the try p team you can try, the people who have committed crimes and you can prove that, you need to bring them to trial. The people who you can set free and whom you can transfer, you need to work to get that done. There is a residual population, some of whom, particularly the taliban members, as baher says, you may have to free at the end of hostilities in afghanistan, but even beyond that theres a group of al quaida people whom against youre not going to press charges and theres a longterm detention problem and thats a hard problem. Woodruff just a hard problem going on indefinitely . We start with the easy problem which is starting to repatate or transfer the third countries, the 78 already been cleared for release. I dont think the possibility of abstract challenging legal questions on the back end should prevent us from making serious efforts to close the prison now. Woodruff so there is a difference of view. Were not going to resolve it today but we want to give you both an opportunity to express your point of view. Baher azmy, thank you, ben wittes, thank you. Thank you. Ifill now, High School Students use art as a way to stay focused on learning in one chicagos toughest neighborhoods. Hari sreenivasan has our report. Sreenivasan Little Black Pearl Academy, a Public School on the south side of chicago, is trying to write a new songbook for success. It started last fall, when the schools founder, monica haslip, transformed her afterschool art center into a full time Public School focused on the arts. Her students come from some of the highest crime areas in the city. The undertaking was born from frustration. My biggest motivation for this school was about looking at the volume and the number of children that we have in chicago that are dropping out of school. Sreenivasan haslip partnered with chicago Public Schools to identify students on the wrong track. A lot of our students have really poor attendance prior to coming here, so we believe by offering them access to the arts, that in itself is a thing that is inviting them to come to school everyday. Sreenivasan the hope is that art can offer students, who may be distracted or even traumatized by violence that surrounds them, a way to return to learning. Why art . Why is this the reason that they should come . A lot of young people who dropped out of school, you know theyre still engaged in hip hop and rap, and drawing, and tagging and all the things that we see in our communities that are tied to the arts. What weve been talking about is appearance and how we judge people based on those appearances and stereotypes. Sreenivasan teachers like samantha peterson, who teaches freshman english, use art as a way to engage little black pearls 200 students in academics. What were going to work on first is a poem called just because and on the back of the poem, is a drawing done by a student i would like to have someone read this, who will volunteer . What were trying to do is develop a character that breaks stereotypes, so were working on some sociology terminology and vocabulary around the words, prejudice, stereotype, talking about those connections and all of that is in order to break those stereotypes with our character. It engages them because theyre interested in it, and it means a lot to them. The students were always creating characters negatively, based on their skin being black, and so we really tried to look at what did that mean, and the greater picture of creative writing in general. Were trying to use the arts to really make what theyre learning in the classroom relevant. Sreenivasan for samantha peterson, the approach seems to be working. Petersons students have shown the highest academic gains in the entire chicago Public School district. Sreenivasan beyond the awards, degrees, and teaching certificates, peterson also brings an extraordinary personal story to the classroom. I dropped out of high school at fifteen years old, and i have a g. E. D. , i grew up on the streets in the south side of chicago, in and out of group homes. As a ward of the illinois court, so i had a lot of problems in my life, and i can personally relate to what theyre going through. Sreenivasan but resources are expensive. To help foot the bill, the school has relied on private donors to cover the high cost of materials. The glass blowing studio alone racks up thousands in monthly bills. On the day we visited, students showed us a glass project they created as a commentary on the prevalence of guns in their lives. Tracy kirchman is their teacher. Its a performance piece. The students want to illustrate some of the issues, their feelings about gun violence, through the medium. Sreenivasan using a fake gun, students created a sand mold, melted the glass, and formed guns. Guns are the most relevant thing in their world, theres not a week that goes by in school that we dont have students that are personally, intimately, directly influenced and affected by gun violence thats happening here on the south side of chicago. Sreenivasan working as a team, the students formed an Assembly Line of glass gun production, then carefully hooked each gun onto a display, and, knowing the glass would explode if not cooled, they named their performance piece, bang bang. Theyre using the fact that glass will actually explode because of stress and temperature change outside by casting these guns in glass, and then leaving them to cool to the point of breaking. So the idea that they are creating them constantly, but theyre also exploding, or cracking apart, and leaving broken pieces. Sreenivasan sixteenyearold tammi crockette says the piece is a metaphor for how families too can be shattered by gun violence. Everyday basically your life is gun violence, most killings that we have here, that we hear about are from gun violence. Sreenivasan crockettes 18 yearold brother maurice was shot and killed in high school only days before he was scheduled to graduate. Its like saying no more and thats saying like, x out the killing. We dont use guns, we dont like them, and we wish they were taken off the street. Sreenivasan tracy kirchmann says her students are learning quite a bit more than art. Were trying to reenchant them with the wanting to learn, and that happens really easily in here obviously. Its a very enchanting process. So, we get them hooked kind of on the process, and then i take them deeper by explaining the physics, and the molecular level of glass, and then they might be more interested in science, because of something that they see in here. Just by providing them with the tools and the equipment and the professional support, we hope they see there is a pathway for a career. Sreenivasan as the end of the Academic Year approaches, educators at Little Black Pearl Academy are optimistic that those Career Pathways are already taking shape. Brown seven years after brazil was awarded the right to host the world cup, matches are finally ready to kick off tomorrow in the worlds most widelywatched sporting event, with perhaps more than three billion viewers over the next month. But hosting soccers top event is no longer just a simple matter of pride for Many Brazilians. Jeffrey brown has the story. Brown the 32 National Teams are tuning up, fans are beginning to party. But for Many Brazilians the joys of hosting, and seeking the countrys sixth world title, have been greatly diminished since the heady day in 2007 when f. I. F. A. Soccers international organizing body, awarded brazil the world cup. The 2014 world cup goes to brazil brown the chief reason sticker shock. Brazil is spending 15 billion to host the celebration of what brazilians call the jogo bonito, the beautiful game, but that has led to recriminations thousands of poor brazilians were relocated from their homes in slums, called favelas, the government has denied charges that the displacements were to make way for world cup building projects, and for the 2016 summer olympics in rio. Major construction problems have led to deaths of workers at stillunfinished venues and transpiration hub points, one died just this past monday night when a section of monorail collapsed. And some projects slated for the world cup were barely begun, then scrapped. In the meantime, protests have been launched, and strikes were mounted by transit workers and others around brazil against what many see as money wasted. At a march monday, a teacher in rio spoke for many translated our country needs to invest in healthcare, education, Public Transportation and culture. Not in stadiums, not in airports. We need public goods that go to the people, not to f. I. F. A. , not to tourists. We want investment that stays here. Brown the protests are nothing new, however a dry run for the world cup in brazil last year was met with sometimes violent clashes in the streets over these same issues brazilian president dilma rousseff, who is up for reelection this fall, took to the airwaves yesterday and made her case. translated there are people who claim the resources for the cup should have been directed to healthcare and education. I hear and respect those opinions, but i dont agree with them. From 2010 until 2013, the federal, state and municipal governments invested about 762 billion in education and healthcare, 212 times more than the amount invested in stadiums. Brown brazilian Authorities Say more than 150,000 police and military will secure the month long tournament, held across 12 brazilian cities but with only onethird of the country convinced the cup will ultimately benefit brazil. Success on the field may not be enough, this time, to keep soccermad brazilians satisfied. Our two guests have been studying and writing about these issues. David zirin is show on xm and author of a new book and paulo sotero is the director of the Brazil Institute at the wilson center. Paulo, let me start with you to back up a little for context. When brazil got the world cup, was awarded it, it was a different time, right . It was power on the rise. Yes, it was a very popular president , the economy was growing at about 6 a year, income was being distributed and there was a sense of possibility that this society continues to transform itself into a thriving democracy. But, yes, sometimes have changed. The economy now may be at this moment in a recession. Theres a less popular president. The challenges created by the past success are much more complicated. Brown well pick up on that but david zirin, the other part of the context is the role of football, soccer in brazil, this tradition, its identity with the country. Absolutely. And paulo was correct. When the world up with when the world cup was awarded to brazil, there was an idea that brazil would be a world power and challenge the United States for economic supremacy of the western hemisphere tan world cup was seen as part of brazils coming out party coupled with the 2016 olympics in rio. Yet whats happening now is because the economy has slowed down, off situation where fifa still has the same demands as when the world cup was awarded so brazil cant go to fifa and say our economy slowed, dont have as much fat in the system, cant build the stay stadiums as you fast as you like, fifa says, no, you signed, we want the stadiums. Thats whats rubbing people wrong in brazil. Brown what do you see as the case. It is a better brazil but people look at Public Transportation and say, its not that much better. There has been a very good positive news in terms of sellers, but this phase is already passing and they see them as dave says those state of the art things being built and brazilians are very discerning and this is the positive thing coming you have to wub, there is an awakening in brazil that, yes, we love soccer but we have to have a sense of priorities in public expenditures here and this rancor, this position, this discontent reflects that. Brown you see it as a positive change . I have to say, i see it as very positive as well because whats happening in brazil with regard to its relationship with both fifa and the International Olympic committee is not unique to brazil. Ive covered every world cup and olympics in the last decade and in each one you see similar issues, displacement, the militarization of public space, yet this is really the first time that youve seen people in advance of a meg megaevent voicing these kinds overconcerns and i think that will have a positive effect internationally going forward. Brown paulo sotero, bringing us back on the edge of the games, is brazil ready . The infrastructure and everything ready . As ready as we can be. The transit systems we promised, some will and some will not be ready. The surrounding part of the stadiums will probably be below par. But the stadiums are for 60,000 people, so those people will get to the stadiums. What you see on television will probably be very nice. We know how to throw a party in brazil, as you know, so there will be a positive image, but there is behind the scenes this attitude of a society that, right now, 60 to 65 of brazilians see this as a negative saying that this may hurt this image abroad that by the way is positive and this may make more cost than benefits. Fifa is taking away mon from from this money from this tournament tax free. Brown dave, youre about to head down there, instead of strikes that may affect some of transportation, is there a larger political context, i mean possible consequences out of this . Absolutely. There are elections this october and every political formation in brazil from the right to the left is attempting to use the discontent with the world cup to capitalize for these elections frankly as they should because the discontent is there. But the president is wrong, in my view, when she says the resistance to the world cup, the demonstrations are being politically orchestrated by enemies of the government. The discontent is very organic. It comes from the people themselves and thats why the slogans about we want fifaquality hospitals and fire chiefa quality schools, i mean, those come from the heart of people who love soccer, they love as paulo said to put on a party that they feel like they need to be left out, theyre behind the rope, so they cant get in the party and is breeding alien nation instead of community and understanding. Brown this still is a footballmad country, right, how much is riding on how well the team actually does . I think we always love soccer. We hope that we will be champions for the first time at home, remember in 1950 we lost brown it was part of the psyche, right . I was born that year, still traumtraumatized. Politicians in brazil will have a hard time in they troy cruise this. This is our collective joy, especially if we win. Soccer in brazil is an emotional equalizer in a very unequal society. So abusing this, trying to make Political Capital out of this is a very Risky Business and i think that message is also being conveyed by the streets. Brown we will all be watching, paulo sotero, david zirin, thank you both very much. Thank you. Ifill again, the major developments of the day. House majority leader eric cantor announced hell step down from his position at the end of july, after suffering a surprise primary defeat last night. The iraqi city of tikrit fell to an advancing wave of alqaedalinked militants, as they push closer to baghdad. And late today, the Senate Approved a bill that would let veterans get care from local doctors instead of waiting for treatment in the v. A. System. Woodruff on the newshour online right now, we explore how research on the amazing metabolism of bacteria might one day help power clean energy. Thats on our science page. And we want to hear from you, take our survey and tell us what you think about the newshours science coverage. All that and more is on our web site, newshour. Pbs. Org. Ifill and thats the newshour for tonight. On thursday, what to watch in the world cup. Im gwen ifill. Woodruff and im judy woodruff, well see you online and again here tomorrow evening. For all of us here at the pbs newshour, thank you and good night. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by when i was pregnant, i got more advice than i knew what to do with. What i needed was information i could trust, on how to take care of me and my baby. United healthcare has a Simple Program that helps moms stay on track with their doctors and get care and guidance they can use before and after the baby is born. Simple is what i need right now. Thats health in numbers, United Healthcare and by the alfred p. Sloan foundation. Supporting science, technology, and improved Economic Performance and Financial Literacy in the 21st century. And with the ongoing support of these institutions and. This program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Captioning sponsored by Macneil Lehrer productions captioned by Media Access Group at wgbh access. Wgbh. Org this is bbc world news. Funding of this presentation is made possible by the freeman foundation, newmans own foundation, giving all profits to charity and pursuing the common good for over 30 years, kovalev foundation. Charles schwab, and union bank. And United Health care. At union bank, our relationship managers guide you through international commerce. We what are extended Global Network to work for a wide range of companies from Small Businesses to major corporations. What can we do for you