Transcripts For KQED Charlie Rose 20140325

It is, therefore, with deep sadness and regret that i must inform you that, according to this new data, flight mh370 ended in the indian ocean. Charlie for assessment in the ongoing developments of the missing airliner, joined by consultant Steve Ganyard and bob orr. First, you have to find a piece of debris and, working backwards over time, scientists will tell us thousand currents and winds moved debris around and will try to find literally an x on a map and well put robotic vehicles underwater, perhaps, sonar, pinger locators will be towed through the zone and if we get lucky may find the primary wreckage field but thats far from certain and people need to settle in here, charley, while this is big news, we are not close to knowing what happened to the airplane. Charlie the announcement of the 2014 pritzker architecture prize recipient. Jointed by tom pritzker, chairman of the Pritzker Organization and the architect who received the award, shigeru ban. The purpose of the prize is to honor a living architect who has made a contribution, a significant contribution to humanity and has done it through the built environment and through the art of architecture. The difference between permanent or temporary living is not about material. Even the church i made in paper after the kobe earthquake, this became a Permanent Center because the people loved it. Even the Building Made in concrete, if the people tried to make a commercial building, its always temporary. Other people buy the building to put in the new one. So even the building in concrete can be temporary. Charlie a missing air lynner and the new pritzker architecture prize recipient when we continue. Captioning sponsored by Rose Communications from our studios in new york city, this is charlie rose. Charlie we begin tonight with the ongoing search for the missing malaysian airliner flight mh370 with 239 people on board disapeemped march 8. Today plainings prim malaysian r najib razak said it went down in tinneddian ocean. Its been concluded flight mh370 flew along the southern corridor and that it is last position was the middle of the indian ocean west of perth. This is a remote location far from any possible landing sites. Charlie the conclusion was the result of new analysis from satellite data. Debris was spotted in the area 1500 miles off the southwest coast of australia. Joining us now from washington, colonel Steve Ganyard. He is president of the Advisory Firm avisant international also a marine corps pilot, served in the state Department Political military affairs and from the cbs Washington Bureau bob orr, Homeland Security correspondent for cbs news. Welcome. Thank you, charlie. Charlie the first question, what is the key piece of evidence that led the Prime Minister to make the announcement he made . I think what inmarsat, which is the company that has the satellite constellation that was getting the pings, did additional forensics, they got boeing to help out and did a peer review study of are we sure it went on this southern route. As you remember, we talked about a northern and southern rock, throute,and they said we are aby sure its on the southern air c anarcandarcand where the pings t went nowhere but the water. It was done to say for the relatives theres nobody who would survive. Charlie whats next, bob . Whats next is we have to find recognizable, identifiable piece of debris. I mean, this is an important marker today for the malaysians to come out and tell the families, youve heard crazy rumors, all kind of speculation, all kinds of People Holding on to hopes but as steve said the airplane has crashed somewhere in the deep south indian ocean, but we dont know where and until we find a piece of debris that we say definitely came from flight mh370, we wont know where to start looking for the big wreckage field and until you find that we wont get the key clues we expect to get some day from cockpit to voice recorder and data recorder. Charlie it do we find the wreckage fields . First yao find a piece of debris and working backwards the scientists will tell us how the currents and winds moved debris around well try to find literally an x on a map, and at that point well put robotic vehicles, perhaps, under water sonar, pinger locators will be towed through the zone, and if we get lucky, we may find the primary wreckage field, but thats far from certain, and people need to settle into, charlie, and while this is a big piece of news today, we are nowhere close finding out what happened to the airplane. Charlie steve, you and i talked about this before, do we have any more idea today whether this is a pilant act . There are a lot of defensive theories. None stand up to key questions, so nobody has the answer. What we have been given today, all we really know is the airplane went south, its in the middle of one of the most remote parts of the world and it will be really tough to find out answers about why its at the bottom of the ocean. Charlie is it because we heard the pings, then didnt hear them and we were able to locate where they were by data points is this. Talking to boeing engineers, they knew how much fuel was on the airplane. The last ping was 7 1 2 hours. There may have been 30 minutes left of gas on board. But if you have 30 minutes of gas and 1,000 miles from land, you wont go anywhere but in the water but will allow them to narrow the corridor where the airplane was flying, where the lastknown point will be, and this will hopefully help locate where the imact was on the ocean because, as bob said, its the wreckage on the bottom of the ocean that contains the black boxes that will answer most of the mysteries. Most of the mysteries are on the bottom of the ocean. We wont find the answers just looking at the debris thats hundreds of miles away potentially from where the wreckage on the bottom of the ocean is. Charlie how important are the next two weeks which is what i understand the time will be before the signal from the black box speaks . The pinger batteries will run out. They can run out to 40 days. The manufacturer says theyre guaranteed to 30 but may run out to 40. We need to remember one thing. In the air france crash, theres a 90 chance both the pingers will work. Neither pinger worked. The reason the air france mishap investigation went on so long is they didnt hear the pingers. Right after they went over the area, it wasnt there, they said, oh, my gosh, were in the wrong place and so they broadened the search and it got so broad they got twisted up in their own research and didnt go back to the basics and it wasnt until they went back and used this Statistical Analysis to get back to the basics that they found the air france miles from where they predicted. Charlie what questions are you asking bob today . One of the things i want to know is whether theyre making progress on the police side of the investigation. Without the crash wreckage and boxes there is only so much you can do on the airplane accident side of the investigation. The f. B. I. Is still looking at the computers taken from the pilots homes, the flight similar later they took from the captains home. The inintel agencies have continued to go through the flight manifest and checking names against known databases and so far we have big zeros. We dont know anybody on the passenger list that matches up against any criminal database or terror database. So i want to know where they making any progress on the police side of things and, so far, i have to tell you nothing is jumping out at investigators as highly suspicious. They havent found anything to date im aware of that would point to preplanning or motive, so again were back to the possibility that we miff an airplane accident here, a deliberate act here. Its possible there could still be terrorism involved. Frankly, most sources will tell you thats falling down the list. We still dont know. Into the third week, charlie, we dont have a great deal of answers than right at the beginning. Charlie what would be an airplane accident that would cause a plane to do what happened to this plane . Its very hard to find a scenario, and i think steve would tell you this as well, thats an accident chain that weve identified that would fit all of the facts. For example, theres been speculation of perhaps a fire on board, perhaps it was a fire that eventually incapacitated the pilots, but its hard to reconcile. If the fire is bad enough, for example, it will take out your instrumentation and eventually incapacitate the pilots, how bad is it that the plane still flies for hours. If its a slow moving fire that works through cockpit and takes down systems one after the other, if thats the case, why didnt the pilots have time to tell someone about their problems. There was a swiss air accident years ago with a fire in the wiring and entertainment system. This was eventually out of control and the planes crashed but the pilots had time to tell us. So you can go through the accident scenarios and you can add something we havent conceived and you can add a fact or two that knocks a hole in that theory. Charlie bob and steve, do you agree with the idea . I do. Remember, charlie, we talked about last week about the cabin depressurizing some way. Charlie right. I talked to a friend of mine, former squad major a captain on a u. S. Major airline and he said the decompression, he said, no way, its just highly unlikely. I said what about if one of the pilots did it could bit done without somebody noticing . He said no way. He said, it sets off alarm bells in the cockpit, bells, alarms, whistles, lights, so it couldnt have been done when somebody wasnt looking. So as bob said, i dont see the viable scenario that doesnt have a what if that really kills any scenario based just on a manufacturing or an aircraft malfunction. Charlie so i hear you both saying every scenario has questions about it. Every one. I think they do. Charlie, i think thats right. There are questions about every one, but i would just tell you, after the 9 11 commission report, the investigator there came out and said what we had there in large part was a failure of imagination. I ask myself here not necessarily on terror but any of the other theories, are we failing to imagine the kinds of failures that might happen in sequence . And thats a possibility. I would only say, when twa800 went down in july 1996, most people thought it was a bomb, some thought a missile, but nobody at the outset could come up with a theory that it was a spark on a fuel indicator wire that went to a largely empty fuel tank that caused the engine to ex complet explode. That wasnt on the realm of pockets at the outset. We keep going back to air france because there were so many parallels. There was nobody that would imagine the outcome two years later when we found the black box of what happened where the copilot put the aircraft into stall and held it all the way in a stall to impact. Nobody would have believed it or suggested it and not until we found the black boxes that that became a truth. Snoopy lot error could be a scenario here . Could be. Charlie are you guys comfortable with the information, is the u. S. Government comfortable with the information its getting from the malaysian government . I certainly have not been. I have been quite critical of the malaysian government. I think there have been contradictions all week, things that have been withheld. We have known things theyve done things when they have not admitted it. They changed their story back and forth. The good thing we discussed, we have the australians involved, the ntsb. The pros involved, and well get where we need to go. Its unfortunate there are delays that could have been much farther along at this point. Charlie bob . I agree. The information has been all over the place and its very hard to know. The facts we know today are the facts today and tomorrow we find out theyre not the case. Steve hit it on the head. We have experts from Great Britain and this country who know how to read radar and extrapolate data, theyve looked at this and were finally getting concrete answers. This is the third week and only began in earnest about a week ago and that said we dont still have the debris we need. Im still hopeful well find something, and when we get the debris we need, if the pros are involved, i think theres a chance we can find the brig wreckage field but this has not been handled well from the beginning. Charlie bob orr, cbs news, thank you so much. Steve ganyard thank you again for joining us. Thank you. Charlie tom pritzker is here, chairman and c. E. O. Of the Pritzker Organization and president and chairman of the hi yacht foundation which sponsored the pritzker architecture prize, the award is given annually to a living architect whose work demonstrates a combination of talent, vision and commitment. It is also known as the nobel prize of architecture. Today tom pritzker announced the 2014 laureate is shigeru ban. They praised shigeru ban for responsibility and action to create architectural quality to serve societys needs. I am pleased to have tom pritzker at this table for the first time. Welcome. Great to see you. Thank you very much. Charlie we have known each other a long time and i have been pleased to be a part of this in terms of interviewing the annual recipient. How did did this happen that the pritzker family became associated with this remarkable idea of recognizing greatness in architecture . So what happened was a guy showed up at dads office cold charlie jay pritzker of chicago. Yes. A guy showed up, said i have an idea. He had no job. His idea was if he could talk us into doing a prize in the world of architecture, then he would have a job as executive secretary. And sure enough he talked us into it. Charlie great. Dad bought the idea and thats how it was born. Charlie and who selects the recipient . So we have a strict separation of church and state. We have a jury, and that jury avows over time, they make the selection, they go into a room on a monday morning and hopefully we get white smoke by the afternoon and they select the jury, the recipient. Charlie and these are mainly people with a discerning eye about architecture . Theyre people from different walks of life but all have a passion for architecture. So over the years, carter brown was the chairman for years and years. He was director of the national gallery. Ada Louise Huxtable was on the jury forever, a wonder person. And the current jury is terrific. Peter pulumbo is the chairman. We have people from chile, india, across the board. We have an industrialist from india on the injury. So its a terrific, diverse jury. Charlie what do they look for . The purpose of the prize is to honor a living architect who has made a contribution, a significant contribution to humanity and has done it through built environment and through the art of architecture, and thats sort of the prison through which they look for their next honoree. Charlie i can speak to this point. You and i are not steeped in the ideas of architecture, but we love architecture, coming to it as both connoisseurs and people who appreciate the skill of those who are gifted enough to understand the environment we live in and how to make functional and buildings that are both residential and institutional and commercial that served a remarkable purpose. Its why the people come to those places and get Something Special that happens to them because they inhabit it. Thats what i like about architecture, its a thing that has a continuance and permanence that a lot of things dont. It sets the tone for our environment, it sets the tone for what we do every day. Erie person on earth every person on earth is a consumer of architecture. Charlie you said about shigeru ban, his commitment to humanitarian causes to Disaster Relief work is an example for all. Innovation is not limited by building type and compassion is not limited by budget. He has made ourworld a better place. Tell me what it is about that aspect of him that was attractive to you. So from my point of view, for years, architecture has responded with iconic buildings, responded to the need in the urban environment, responded to a certain segment of humanity. Its a large segment, basically the urban segment. What hes done is hes responding to a segment, probably the media segment of society, and that is disaster victims. Put yourself in their shoes. Youve got a disaster, youve lost everything. What shigeru ban can do is create hope. He not only can create a building that can cover your head and provide you with housing, but creating hope in that moment of despair, that to me is a great, great accomplishment and a great contribution. Hes also known for the use of materials that he uses. Charlie he recycles, he builds with materials that could be recycled, but i think he looks at the world differently. Maybe a little bit like roushe roushenburg did. He looks at something and while others look and say its garbage, he says, how can i use that . Whats its utility . Charlie these are examples of architecture that can make an extraordinary difference. You and i have both seen them. The hi yacht regency in atlanta. Build by a developer, designed by john portman, we acquired it just before it opened. What happened wit was fascinating. It changed the mood i think it changed the chemistry of the brain of our guests and our employees. Everybody walked around with a smile, and there was more interaction, and what we learned from that was architecture can change the experience. And, so, we began at h hyatt to focus on the experience instead of just the functionality of the hotel. Charlie and bilbow, the great genius. My wife and i took our kids to bill bough when they were teens. They werent thrilled to go to another museum. I as a parent got what every other parent got. They looked it, eyes lit up, they ran to the building and touched it and charlie how old were they . Early teens, i want to say. Charlie okay. They touched it, looked, said, is this okay . We said a, yeah. They ran up and down the building, running their hand along the titanium. And charlie, it changed their chemistry, mood, attitude. It really was a fantastic experience for me to see what it did to these kids. Charlie and millennium park. Millennium park, my mom actually made the difference. Charlie right. She insisted we have frank gehry do the pavilion and it created a soul in chicago. It created something everybodys proud of. Its a Gathering Place and it changed the spirit of the city. Charlie changed the spirit ofo the city. Yeah. Charlie a city which has eforms architecture and enormously attractive museums. Architecture came early. Charlie frank lloyd wright. Frank lloyd wright at the beginning after the chicago fire. But in the 50s, 60s and maybe even 70s, i would say maybe we werent exemplary in terms of architecture. Millennium park changed everything. Charlie is the president going to establish his library in chicago . Hope so. Makes every sense in the world. We certainly hope so. Charlie find a fine architect. Exactly. Charlie use him. We certainly hope hell do it. We expect him to do it. Charlie chicago is making a huge effort to say this is where you belong . Yes. The mayor is leading it. Charlie hows he doing as mayor . I think hes doing great. I think rahm has the personality, ten nasty and drive and he cares a lot about it. Charlie he first announced he wanted to be mayor on this program. I said if you werent doing this, what would you like to do . He said, be mayor of chicago. Hes passionate about his job. If youre passionate about what you do, youre miles ahead. Charlie you have a head start. Absolutely. Charlie but there is a real effort to get the president to bring it there. For sure, and bringing it all together so you dont have competing bids in chicago. Charlie theres also this about the pritzker prize and what it does. Is part of the goal to enlarge the appreciation of architecture . Yes. So the way think of it is we want to raise the awareness of the importance of architecture to everybody, to city opinion leaders, to politicians, to developers. We want them to understand the importance because we think it will make for a better world. Charlie its amazing you see what Amanda Burden did in this city as head of the planning department, and also places where theres been a spirit of architecture, take fort worth, texas, for example, where theyve had one of the the great great museums in the world there, what it can do to a place to have people thinking about the urban life and its both planning as well as architecture and the quality of public spaces. So i have a friend in china, he actually runs the Palace Museum in china, and his whole theory is, its about the heart of the city, and you can create the heart of the city with architecture and culture, and without that youre going to have a city with no soul. Charlie you also are interested in archeology, are you not . I am. Ran into some fairly crazy things. Charlie like what . Well, my wife and i in 1978 took 12 tibetan nomads, went to the himalayas and went 500 miles over the northern slopes of the himalayas, two and a half months, the closest radio was a threeweek walk away. We went into places westerners had never been and it was the most fascinating thing you can imagine. We were living in medieval times, and the result of that, it led to a fantastic life in terms of scholarship. I developed an expertise in 11th century kingdom in westty betwest tibet. They gave me a degree in china. We do arciol in a remote Western Region of western tib tee t. Charlie did it change your life . It brought balance and gave perspective. You understand whats really important. You live a life in new york or chicago and you can get all wrapped up in it. Here you begin to understand whats really important as well as its fascinating. Were exploring and finding things where were able to contribute to mans learning about our own history. Charlie you also collect himalayan art. We do. So by personality, what i find is, when i learn about something, i want to move the needle. I look for a way to move the needle. I look for a way to build something around that. So we took this great journey in 78, and, so, i became interested in the way it translated for me was an interest in china, an interest in scholarship around this 11th century kingdom and putting together a collection that speaks to that era in hopes through art. Charlie you have hotels in china. We have 28 hotels open, we have 60 hotels in the pipeline and we need to hire 50,000 people in china over the next five years. So we have lots of different activities in china. Charlie how much of your time in life does the pritzker prize take . Not that much. The truth is, during this period of time, you have to pay a little attention. The jury is responsible for selection. Were responsible primarily now, margo and i are responsible for the ceremony. Charlie its in rotterdam . Its going to in amsterdam at the museum. Well have the ceremony in a place where its open to the public so that everybody can participate in the ceremony, then were going to have a private dinner and then the next day were going to have a group of laureates speak in a public forum. Charlie thats terrific. Yeah. Charlie which includes sort of the giants of architecture. Exactly. We certainly hope so. Charlie when we come back, well meet the 2014 pritzker prize winner, shigeru ban. Charlie we are pleased now to have shigeru ban on this program. He is the recipient of the 2014 pritzker architecture prize. It is given annually as you know to a living architect by a jury chosen by the hyatt foundation. Hes the seventh japanese architect to become a pritzker laureate, shaped architecture through use of paper and cardboard in buildings. In 2010 he earned great praise with the Pompidou Center in france. His work in Disaster Relief has earned him the title the peoples architect. I am pleased to have him at this table for the first time. Tom pritzker joins me to talk about this because the Pritzker Foundation and prize is something that his family is very, very proud and believe that its done Something Special for architecture. Among the things that is special, it is pointing out the remarkable work of people like shigeru ban. Thank you for joining us. Thank you very much. Charlie how did they tell you you had been chosen . Call you up . Yes, i got the phone call from the executive director martha. Charlie yes. Because i know how they were, i thought she was joking. Charlie but she wasnt joking. She wasnt. Charlie what does it mean to you . Well, since i spent three years at juris, so i know how important this is and also how difficult to choose somebody, and i couldnt be because i knew because of my experience i have not reached that yet. So now charlie youve not done your best work yet . Well, always i do my best work anytime, but when i went to the house of the second law yet of the award, he was 72 when he received, and im not this level yet. So i am taking this approach as kind of an encouragement award to continue doing the work in society. Charlie you said i see this prize as to encourage me to keep doing what im doing. Not to change what im doing but to grow. Yes. Charlie tom just said to me that they wanted you off the board, off the jury because they knew that you were becoming an architect that clearly would be deserving of the prize at some point. Thank you for saying that. Charlie when you were on the board, the jury, what did you look for . It was not so difficult because there are so many great architects that have not received the award yet, so this is a competition between the many great architects but also that we need to have some important message. So we are looking for an architect who influence other architects instead of just being the star. We needed to have the message. Charlie and if thats true about how, how do you think youve influenced other architects . If i can say that i started doing the activities, working in natural disasters, which the architects have not done like being in the disaster area looking for the problem and making the temporary structure for the victims of the natural disaster. I must say when i started doing it in 1994 after the ar rwanda crisis, nobody was really in the field of disaster. Charlie why did you do it . Because when i became an architect i was disappointed by professional architects because we are mainly working for privileged people who have money and power and because they are invisible, we asked to make a monument to show the name, the money and the power to the general public. But this is the role of the architect. Historically, its the same. But i saw it to be our experience can be used not only for making the monument but also for the people for houses for natural disaster. Charlie this is the spirit of the Pritzker Foundation, too. Very much so. It speaks to a segment of humanity that is the most needy and it speaks to a segment we havent spoken to in terms of the selection of laureates. Charlie how do you do it . Give us a sense of how you do that. Were going to look at some of the things that you do that attract a lot of attention. This is what signals you out, is more distinctive about you and more people are becoming aware of it. First of all, i have to go there by myself to find out. Because the solution, even temporary housing, is very different depending on the country and the area. I have to make my own research, what kind of materials are locally available and i have to find out who can be my partner. Charlie you said it doesnt matter if you get money for a project or not. Did you mean that . Because you said there are more important things than that. In the end, you get money, but its more important that you do what . The construction for the people. Even when i designed the housing, when the resident is very happy, this kind of construction is the same when i designed the more expensive house. Theres no difference. Just the difference is whether im paid or not. But my partner and i my partner cares but i am not very much interested. Charlie and your accountant laughter there is this idea that you are the architect for the peoplele. This is the title they have for you, which very much please you. Yes, its more than i should get. Because i always want to be committed to find out the particular problem, especially after i work for the United Nations. The government in the United Nations cannot solve the problem of the minority people. They have a solution for that minority people, but i always go there to find out the particular problem of the Small Community or small minority people to start my design. Even before the Disaster Relief project or temporary structure, it has to be beautiful and comfortable. Its no different from other buildings im working on. Charlie how did you become an architect . First i wanted to be a carpenter. I like to work with timber. Charlie you were fascinated by building at a young age, the idea of hammers, nails and wood and building things. Yes. But then yeah, very small, i didnt know there was a professional architects. I knew architects are like the conductor. We have to be the team leader which i was interested in doing. Charlie you came to the united states. Yes. Charlie you went to the cooper union. Yes. Charlie and what was that experience like for you . Well, first of all, this is my father was very angry that i decided to go to the u. S. After high school and especially nobody knew about cooper union. It was my dream to be accepted by cooper union, but my father was very angry because it doesnt sound like a school. But this is my dream since high school, working at the cooper union under john hadock phonetic . Charlie he was the paper architect. And i became a paper architect. Charlie explain that. What is it about paper that you believe can be used so well . Nobody when people develop something, a structure or material, they try to develop something stronger. But i know the strength of the material has nothing to do with the strength of the building or the durability of the building. Even the paper made of cardboard gets weaker than wood, but still, according to the condition and testing, i know we can make a very durable, strong building. Even a Building Made in concrete can be destroyed by an earthquake, but the building i make out of paper cannot be destroyed by an earthquake. Charlie why is that . Why . The strength of the building has nothing to do with the strength of the materials. Charlie ah. So what does the strength of the building have to do with . If its not the material, it is what . The difference between the permanent or temporary building is not about the strength of the material. Even the church i made in paper, the paper church, this became a permanent Community Center after the earthquake because the people loved it. But even the Building Made in concrete, if the people aid trio make a commercial building for money, its temporary. People buy the billing and destroy it to make a new one. So the concrete can be even temporary so its not about the material. Charlie what about is it about the architects in japan . Six or seven other architects in have received the pritzker prize. What is it about them . The position of architecture in japan is not very high. Up to the a. D. Period, there was no architect. The master carpenter designed the building. So thats why the history of being an architect just started about 150 years ago. So thats why the general public doesnt recognize the social position of architect in japan, always we have culture of constructer designing the building. So the general pub yo public dot know the position of architect. Charlie the first is the kobe church. The year before the kobe earthquake. After the earthquake happened, i sought former vietnamese refugees who were allowed to stay . Japan, most had more difficult time than the regular japanese people and i figured out the vietnamese refugees were gathering at the Catholic Church in kobe so i went to find out what they need. So before i built this church, i started building the temporary housing because they didnt want to move into Government Housing because they only have a job in a particularly factory or area or the Government House was built outside the city, so, if they moved outside the city, they cannot commute to the factory, so they wanted to live in the park with very poor plastic sheet shelter. So i wanted to improve the shelter as something beautiful and comfortable. Charlie the next thing is japanese pavilion, germany, 2000, built out of paper tubes for the head of the world exhibition expo in germany. Describe this. Well, i was very lucky to collaborate with one of the most genius architects in germany and we collaborated to make this structure out of paper tubes. And the important thing is not only that when its built, because the expo building only stayed there half a year, then we destroyed it and made it industrial waste. So when the building was dismantled, i wanted to make all of the building to be recycled or reused after the building, so that doesnt go to my design. Charlie this is another thing you had great admiration for him, the use of the material . I think he thinks about material differently, he thinks about the environment differently and he integrates all of that into the work. Charlie the next thing is a temporary studio of the pompidou mehz i metz. I asked th i asked the presidf pompidou, i want to bring my student to build our own studio using paper tubes. So this was a result of the student construction. Charlie so the next one is again the Center Pompidou metz. There you go. Describe this. This is the one with the biggest timber roof ever built, so the roof is made of timber. Its like the chinese hut. Its very light weight. Also we have gallery tubes, framing a beautiful monument of the city. Also the order of the facade can be opened using the glass shelter to make a gathering space for people. Charlie how did you come to consider these materials more so than almost any architect i can think of . What was the motivating factor . Because i dont like to be influenced by fashionable style. When i was a child, there was only a few architect in history that create their own style instead of being influenced by the fashionable style. They developed their own structural system and their own material they were using so it was my dream to develop my own structural system. Charlie the next one is the naked house in saitama, georgijapan. He wanted a greenhouse and the family wanted to spend time together so i made a small space where they can be connected to go out to the garden to make the room flexible. Charlie another example of how environment can influence relationships and how you adjust to. And having a client who knows what they want and he can translate into what theyre trying to achieve. Charlie right. Whats the perfect client for you . Somebody who can share the same experience. Its not about the size of the project or budget. The client who can share what kind of lifestyle they want to create or what kind of a material, what kind of goal they want to create, if i can share the experience. Charlie so when you sit down with a client and someone says id like to have a conversation about something that would interest me, what are your questions . What do you want to know . First of all, i find out whether this client has seen my work or has read my book to understand me because i dont want to convince people for things they dont like. I want them to understand my concept of the design from previous projects. Charlie if you were designing a home for yourselfle, would you do it or have someone else do it . I have no desire to live in my own house. Often apartment. Charlie you have no desire to create some great place for yourself and your family. No. Im busy enough to make great house for somebody else. Charlie and what do you dream about . Obviously, you have achieved a certain status so that you can think about the unthinkable and make it possible. Well, i must say my dream was working all over the world, so now im doing it. Actually, i dont have any desire or dream to make a high tower. Also maybe now any office may be my office may be too big so i need to reduce it to spend more time for each project. Also if my office becomes too big, i have too many projects, then i wont have must have time to spend enough time in the disaster area. Charlie i know what you mean. Finally, the curtain wall house designed by a client who wanted a contemporary home that captured the openness of contemporary japanese homes. This has the influence of an architect that designed a house transparent. So i wanted to make a transparent house according to japanese traditional way so that physically inside and outside the spaces are connected so i call this physical transparency. Charlie lets talk about relief. First we see the rwanda relief camps. This is 1999 and the image, these are the prototype tents you designed. Yes, at that time the problem with the United Nations was the deforestization. You have to cut the trees and this became very heavy deforestation. So my aim was using paper to stop cutting trees. Charlie to visit a refugee camp as i did last year in jordan because of the syrian war, its extraordinary how people are forced to live as theyre trying to escape political, you know, violence. Right. Charlie and you see it from natural disasters as well, same thing. Yeah. Charlie the next thing is the ann anagawa temporary housi, for the earthquake and tsunami in 2011. The japanese government has been making the same kind of house but its not comfortable. Spending the same amount of money, same size, i wanted to prove to the government i can make something more comfortable. Especially the course area, sue tsunami heat, they dont have the area to make singlestory housing and i wanted to convince the government we have to make singlestory housing to prepare for the big earthquake in the city. Charlie so next is the paper partition system, 2011. After the big earthquake, people always have to be evacuated to the gymnasium, but theres no privacy between families, until they move into the temporary house. This takes three or four months. Charlie this is to give them privacy. Yes, this is built by a student and victim helped us to make and this is flexible to adjust to the size of the family. Also, after they finish, we can recycle the paper again. Charlie finally, the cardboard cathedral. 18 days before japan we had the christchurch in new zealand. It was an a Anglican Church andi was asked to design the church and using paper. Charlie do you think his passion for these kindso things has influenced other architects . I think hes the pioneer, in many ways the first mover, and i do think that, having received the prize, having seen other architectsarchitects having sees able to do, i think it will be attractive. Charlie architects and as well as how the political world appreciates that kind of involvement. So what are your goals and dreams . My dream is to keep looking for people who need space, whether or not they have the money. I would like to keep working in the disaster areas. Charlie what has been the most important influence on your life as an architect . I have an interest in many great architects but the architect in england built many affordable houses after world war ii. Also an architect that very famous but working with society to build lowcost housing. Reese khan, he was driving to india, bangladesh to make their own city without being paid. Unfortunately, he passed away in the train station. Hes really the one that works in not only the disaster area but with the countries who needs what he has. Charlie they put together his own dream for the roosevelt island. Yes. Charlie there is this notion that the new york times, they called you the accidental environmentalist. I assume that makes you pleased, too. Yes, because i use lots of recycled material, and they call me the environmental friendly architect but thats not true because i started using recyclable material in 1986 when people were not talking about the Ecological Movement and sustainability. Soso i happened to be environmentally friendly afterward. I just do the craftsmanship. Charlie you said the most needed thing in architecture today is love. That makes a building permanent. Charlie thats what makes a building permanent if you have love for the building and for its place. Yes. Charlie thank you and congratulations. Its a pleasure to meet you and this reward and this honor, this representation of the best in architecture is certainly a place where you deserve to be. Thank you very much. Thii will continue working for e people. Charlie good for you. Thank you very much. Captioning sponsored by Rose Communications captioned by Media Access Group at wgbh access. Wgbh. Org the following kqed production was produced in high definition. [ theme music plays ] yes, check, please people its all about licking your plate. The food is just fabulous. I should be in psychoanalysis for the amount of money i spend in restaurants. I had a horrible experience. I dont even think we were at the same restaurant. And everybody, im sure, saved room for those desserts. You bet